Traitement des Eaux Usées par Lagunage
Transcription
Traitement des Eaux Usées par Lagunage
7jgZVjYZaÉJC:H8D|GVWVi
7jgZVjBjai^eVnhedjgaZBV\]gZW
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
Eg^cX^eZhYZWVhZ
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
:C7G:;
EGwIG6>I:B:CI
6kVci aÉZcigZ YZh ZVjm YVch aV &gZ aV\jcZ! jc
egigV^iZbZci eg^bV^gZ Zhi gVa^h edjg [VX^a^iZg aV
hj^iZYZhdegVi^dchP(R#AZegigV^iZbZcieZgbZijcZ
heVgVi^dc bXVc^fjZ h^beaZ YZ XZgiV^ch YX]Zih!
k^iVci V^ch^ jc XdbWaZbZci VXXag YZh aV\jcZh#
DcY^hi^c\jZ(egdXYhYZegigV^iZbZciP(R/
JcY\g^aaZjg!edjggZiZc^gaZh\gdhdW_Zih0
JcYZhhVWaZjg!fj^eZgbZiaZYeiYZhhVWaZh
Zi\gVk^ZghVj[dcYYÉjcZ[dhhZ0
JcZodcZYZYh]j^aV\ZbXVc^fjZ!fj^eZgbZi
YZgZiZc^gaZh\gV^hhZhZiaZhYX]ZihÓdiiVcih#
DC:E
AV hiVi^dc YÉejgVi^dc igVY^i^dccZaaZ! | WdjZh VXi^kZh! hÉ^bedhZ hdjkZci | aÉZheg^i
adghfjÉ^a hÉV\^i YÉejgVi^dc YZh ZVjm jhZh# EdjgiVci! YÉVjigZh bdYZh ejgVid^gZh Zm^hiZci# >ah
hÉVeej^Zci hjg YZh egdXZhhjh YÉVjidejgVi^dc! hZ YgdjaVci hedciVcbZci YVch aZh iZcYjZh
YÉZVj!YVchaZhfjZaaZhaZhb^Xgddg\Vc^hbZhY\gVYZciaVbVi^gZdg\Vc^fjZZiaVigVch[dgbZciZc
abZcihb^cgVjm#8ÉZhiaZXVhYjegdXYYZaV\jcV\ZP&R#
AZ aV\jcV\Z Zhi h^beaZ! Xdad\^fjZ! gjhi^fjZ! ÒVWaZ Zi eZj dcgZjm Yj [V^i YZ hdc
[dcXi^dccZbZci cdc bXVc^h! VkZX YZh ghjaiVih ]VjiZbZci hVi^h[V^hVcih Zc bVi^gZ YZ
YXdciVb^cVi^dc P&R# 8ÉZhi Zc [V^i jcZ [dgbZ cVijgZaaZ Zi hdjeaZ Yj igV^iZbZci W^dad\^fjZ YZh
ZVjmjhZhP'R#
AZigV^iZbZcieVgaV\jcV\ZZhiXdchi^ijYÉjcZhg^ZYZWVhh^chVgi^ÒX^Zah!djiVc\h!
[dgbh YZ Y^\jZh! ^beZgbVW^a^hh! YVch aZhfjZah aZh ZVjm jhZh hdci YkZghZh P&R Zi eVhhZci
hjXXZhh^kZbZciZicVijgZaaZbZciYÉjcWVhh^c|aÉVjigZ!eVg\gVk^iVi^dcP(R!eZcYVcijcadc\iZbeh
YZh_djg#9^[[gZcihVhhZbWaV\ZhYZXZhWVhh^chhdciedhh^WaZhZc[dcXi^dcYZY^kZgheVgVbigZh!
iZahfjZaZhXdcY^i^dchadXVaZh!aZhZm^\ZcXZhhjgaVfjVa^iYZaÉZ[ÓjZciÒcVaZiaZYW^i|igV^iZgP&R#
8Zh WVhh^ch [dcXi^dccZci XdbbZ YZh XdhnhibZh VkZX YZh gZaVi^dch YZ hnbW^dhZ ZcigZ aZh
Y^[[gZciZh edejaVi^dch XdbedhZh YZ WVXig^Zh! YZ X]Vbe^\cdch! YZ egdidodV^gZh! YZ
biVodV^gZh!YÉVa\jZh!YZed^hhdch!YZeaVciZh!ZiX#P)R#8ZhY^[[gZcihdg\Vc^hbZh^ciZgk^ZccZci
VÒcYÉa^b^cZgaVX]Vg\ZedaajVciZXdciZcjZYVchaÉZVjjhZP(R#
DC:E
S ys t ème d e p ré tr a i t e m e n t d e la st at ion de
Taou r ir t -M a r o c , d e ty p e a n a é r obie / facult at if/
m a t u r a t io n .
DC:E
Station de Ben Ah med au Maro c de type anaéro bie/fac ultatif.
INE:9:A6<JC6<:
AZigV^iZbZcieVgaV\jcV\ZZhiXdchi^ijYÉjcZhg^Z
YZWVhh^chVgi^ÒX^Zah#DceVgaZYZaV\jcV\ZcVijgZa/
XdbedhYZeajh^ZjghWVhh^chZchg^Z!\cgVaZbZci
(WVhh^ch!YdciaZ&ZgZhiXdcjedjgigZ[VXjaiVi^[Zi
aZh hj^kVcih hdci YZh aV\jcZh YZ bVijgVi^dc P-R# AZ
iZbehYZh_djgZhiYZ+%|.%_djghP.R0YZaV\jcV\Z
| ]Vji gZcYZbZci / Xdchi^ij YZ WVhh^ch | [V^WaZ
egd[dcYZjg %!( | %!* b YVch aZhfjZah jc XdjgVci
ZbeX]ZaVYXVciVi^dcYZhVa\jZhP-R0YZaV\jcV\Z
Vg/XdbedhYZeajh^ZjghWVhh^ch!YdciaZ&ZgZhi
fj^eYÉjcY^hedh^i^[YÉVgVi^dcVgi^ÒX^Za[djgc^hhVci
aV bV_dg^i YZh WZhd^ch Zc dmn\cZ P-R 0 Zi YZ
aV\jcV\ZiZgi^V^gZdjYZÒc^i^dc/igV^iZbZciXdbea"
bZciV^gZ h^ij Zc VkVa YÉjc hnhibZ XdckZci^dccZa
YZigV^iZbZciP-!.R#
w ww.un esco.ma
9Z[Vdc\cgVaZ!aZbXVc^hbZ!hjgaZfjZagZedhZaZaV\jcV\Z!ZhiaVe]didhnci]hZ#
AVigVcX]ZYZVjhjeg^ZjgZYZhWVhh^chZhiZmedhZ|aVajb^gZ#8ZX^eZgbZiaZm^hiZcXZYVa\jZh
fj^egdYj^hZciadmn\cZcXZhhV^gZVjYkZadeeZbZciZiVjbV^ci^ZcYZhWVXig^ZhVgdW^Zh#8Zh
WVXig^ZhhdcigZhedchVWaZhYZaVY\gVYVi^dcYZaVbVi^gZdg\Vc^fjZ#AZ\VoXVgWdc^fjZ[dgb
eVgaZhWVXig^Zh!V^ch^fjZaZhhZahb^cgVjmXdciZcjhYVchaZhZVjmjhZh!eZgbZiiZciVjmVa\jZh
YZhZbjai^ea^Zg#>anVV^ch^egda^[gVi^dcYZYZjmedejaVi^dch^ciZgYeZcYVciZh/aZhWVXig^ZhZi
aZh Va\jZh eaVcXidc^fjZh! \VaZbZci YcdbbZh » eaVciZh b^Xgde]niZh ¼# 8Z XnXaZ
hVjid"ZcigZi^ZciiVcifjZaZhnhibZgZd^iYZacZg\^ZhdaV^gZZiYZaVbVi^gZdg\Vc^fjZ#:c
[dcYYZWVhh^c!daVajb^gZcZecigZeVh!XZhdciYZhWVXig^ZhVcVgdW^Zhfj^Y\gVYZciaZh
hY^bZcih^hhjhYZaVYXVciVi^dcYZaVbVi^gZdg\Vc^fjZ#JcY\V\ZbZciYZ\VoXVgWdc^fjZZi
YZbi]VcZhZegdYj^i|XZc^kZVjP*R#AVÒ\jgZX^"YZhhdjh^aajhigZaZY^V\gVbbZh^bea^ÒYZh
eg^cX^eVjmegdXZhhjhfj^dcia^ZjYVchjcWVhh^cYZaV\jcV\Z#AÉejgVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZhYVchjc
hnhibZ YZ aV\jcV\Z ghjaiZ YdcX YÉjcZ XdbW^cV^hdc XdbeaZmZ YZ egdXZhhjh e]nh^fjZh!
X]^b^fjZhZiW^dad\^fjZh!fj^hdci^cÓjZcXheVgaZhXdcY^i^dchbidgdad\^fjZh!aZineZZiaV
XdcÒ\jgVi^dcYZhWVhh^ch!ZiaVXdcXZei^dcYjhnhibZP+R#
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
&
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
EgdXZhhjhYÉejgVi^dc!fj^dcia^Zj
YVchjcWVhh^cYZaV\jcV\Z
I^gYZJ#H#:E6P,R#
EAJH>:JGHINE:H9ÉwI6C<H
7^dX]^b^fjZ Zc Dmn\cZ 97D eVg
jc^i YZ kdajbZ# ¿ XVjhZ YZ aV
egd[dcYZjg Zi YZ aV X]Vg\Z dg\Vc^fjZ
AZh
iVc\h
[VXjaiVi^[h
aZkZ! ^a cÉn V VjXjcZ XdjX]Z VgdW^Z
XdggZhedcYZci | YZh aV\jcZh d ^a hZ
Zi idjiZ aÉVXi^k^i W^dad\^fjZ Zhi
YkZadeeZ jcZ gZaVi^dc hnbW^di^fjZ
VcVgdW^ZP+R#6^ch^!XZiiZedaaji^dcZhi
ZcigZ aZh Y^kZgh b^Xgddg\Vc^hbZh
gYj^iZ eVg hY^bZciVi^dc Zi Y^\Zhi^dc
VfjVi^fjZh!ZceVgi^Xja^ZgaZhVa\jZhZi
VcVgdW^Z|YZhegd[dcYZjghYZ'|*b
aZh WVXig^Zh ]igdigde]Zh P&%R# 8Z
P&!'RZcjciZbehYZh_djgXdjgijc
hdci YZ h^beaZh WVhh^ch XgZjhh Zc
_djg Zi eajh P&R# 8Z egdXZhhjh YZ
iZggZ!YZ\gVcYZY^bZch^dc!bV^hYdci
Y\gVYVi^dc YZh bVi^gZh dg\Vc^fjZh
aVegd[dcYZjgcZYd^ieVhYeVhhZg&|
hÉZ[[ZXijZ Zc YZjm e]VhZh VcVgdW^Zh!
' b VÒc YZ eghZgkZg aZh XdcY^i^dch
YdciaVegZb^gZXdch^hiZZcaÉ]nYgdanhZ
YÉVgdW^dhZ|aVhjg[VXZP&!'!&&R#AV
DC:E
YZhXdbedhhdg\Vc^fjZhZcXdbedhh
X]Vg\Z YZ edaaji^dc ZcigVciZ cZ Yd^i
| XdjgiZ X]VcZ VX^YZh XVgWdmna^fjZh#
eVh igZ igde aZkZ P&R# AZh bVi^gZh
B assin facult atif de la s tatio n de Berkane au Maroc .
Adgh YZ aV YZjm^bZ e]VhZ! XZh
Y^hhdjiZh Zi XdaadYVaZh hdci dmnYZh
Xdbedhh
^ciZgbY^V^gZh
hdci
eVg YZh WVXig^Zh VgdW^Zh dj
igVch[dgbh
Zc
\Vo!
iZah
fjZ
aZ
[VXjaiVi^kZh!
ji^a^hVci
aÉdmn\cZ
bi]VcZ! aZ Y^dmnYZ YZ XVgWdcZ Zi aZ hja[jgZ YÉ]nYgd\cZ P'R#
egdkZcVci YZ aÉVWhdgei^dc cVijgZaaZ Zi aÉdmn\cZ egdYj^i eVg aZh
:I6C<H;68JAI6I>;H
Va\jZh! fj^ hZ YkZadeeZci YVch aV XdjX]Z hjeZgÒX^ZaaZ P&%R# AZh
bVi^gZh YXVciVWaZh hY^bZciZci edjg [dgbZg YZh WdjZh! fj^
ZcigZci YVch aV YXdbedh^i^dc VcVgdW^Z! VkZX egdYjXi^dc YZ
bi]VcZZiYÉVjigZhXdbedhhgYj^ih#8ZhYZgc^Zghb^\gZcikZgh
aV XdjX]Z VgdW^Z d ^ah hdci dmnYh P'R# AZ \Vo XVgWdc^fjZ
ghjaiVciYZaÉdmnYVi^dcYZhbVi^gZhdg\Vc^fjZhhZgiYZhdjgXZYZ
XVgWdcZedjgaZhVa\jZhP&%R#
8Z egdXZhhjh! eVgi^Xja^gZbZci VXi^[ edjg YZh iZbegVijgZh
hjeg^ZjgZh|&*8!egdYj^ijcY\V\ZbZciYZW^d\VoXdbedhYZ
,% YZ bi]VcZ Zi (% YZ Y^dmnYZ YZ XVgWdcZ# AZh iVc\h
VcVgdW^ZheZgbZiiZciYZgYj^gZeghYZ+%YZaVX]Vg\ZZc97D
^c^i^VaZ P&R# Edjg a^b^cZg aZh dYZjgh Zi bV^ciZc^g aZh XdcY^i^dch
VcVgdW^Zh!jcZXdjX]ZYZaÉZVjejgZZhiaV^hhZ|aVhjg[VXZP&%R#
DC:E
:I6C<H9:B6IJG6I>DC
AZhiVc\hYZbVijgVi^dcXdchi^ijZciaVYZjm^bZiVeZ
YZigV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZheVgaZhaV\jcZh#>ahhdciZci^gZbZci
VgdW^ZhhjgidjiZaVegd[dcYZjg&|*bZiaZjgdW_ZXi^[ZhiYZ
Yigj^gZ aZh b^Xgddg\Vc^hbZh eVi]d\cZh# AZjg iZbeh YZ h_djg
kVg^ZZcigZ)|&'_djgh#>ahhdci\cgVaZbZcieZjX]Vg\h!ZiaZh
b^Xgddg\Vc^hbZh kdci gZcigZg YVch aV e]VhZ ZcYd\cZ! d ^ah
hÉdmnYZci bjijZaaZbZci P&%R# AV Y^bZch^dc YÉjc iVc\ YZ
bVijgVi^dc Zhi YiZgb^cZ eg^cX^eVaZbZci eVg aV fjVa^i
WVXig^dad\^fjZgZfj^hZYZhZVjm|ejgZgP&R#
:I6C<H6C6wGD7>:H
AZhiVc\hVcVgdW^ZheZgbZiiZciYZhiVW^a^hZgaZhWdjZh
P&%R! Zc eajh YZ igV^iZg aÉZVj jhZ# >ah gZd^kZci YZh X]Vg\Zh YZ
edaaji^dc gZaVi^kZbZci aZkZh! fj^ hdci Zmeg^bZh Zc 9ZbVcYZ
'
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
Bas s in anaérobie de la s tatio n de Berkane au Mar o c .
www.unesco.ma
:C7G:;
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
A6<JC6<:¿B>8GDE=NI:H
:I6C<H6wGD7>:H
9Vch aZh WVhh^ch YZ aV\jcV\Z | b^Xgde]niZh! dj
aV\jcV\Z cVijgZa! aZh eaVciZh hdci jc^fjZbZci
gZeghZciZh eVg aZ e]nideaVcXidc! Va\jZh
b^XgdhXde^fjZhYZ&$&%%bZYZbbZcbdnZccZ!
bV^h_djVciaZbbZgaZfjZaZhbVXgde]niZhYVch
aVÒmVi^dcYZhcjig^bZcih#DcY^hi^c\jZeajhYZ&%%
%%% ZheXZh P(R# AÉejgVi^dc Zhi YdcX
ZhhZci^ZaaZbZci WVhZ hjg aÉVXi^dc hnbW^di^fjZ
ZcigZ aZh edejaVi^dch YVa\jZh Zi YZ WVXig^Zh#
8ZeZcYVci! XZgiV^ch egdWabZh eZgh^hiZci
cdiVbbZci YVch aZ XVh YÉjcZ igde [dgiZ
XdcXZcigVi^dc YZ bVi^gZh Zc hjheZch^dc YVch
aÉZ[ÓjZci# 9Z bZ^aaZjgh ghjaiVih eZjkZci igZ
dWiZcjheVgaV\jcV\Z|bVXgde]niZhP)R#
AZhiVc\hVgdW^ZhhZgkZci|VXXagZgaVYXdbedh^i^dcYZhbVi^gZhdg\Vc^fjZheVg
aZhWVXig^ZhVgdW^ZhZi[VXjaiVi^kZh!Zi[Vkdg^hZgaVXgd^hhVcXZYZhVa\jZhedjgkZcijZaaZbZci
egdYj^gZYZhegdi^cZh#8ZhiVc\heghZciZciaÉVkVciV\ZYÉigZh^beaZ|Xdchigj^gZXgZjhhZc
iZggZVkZXjcZXdjX]ZYÉVg\^aZVj[dcYedjgaÉ^beZgbVW^a^hVi^dcZiYZhg^e"gVeedjgegdi\ZgaZh
iVajhP&%R#AÉVgVi^dcZhigVa^hZcVijgZaaZbZci!eVgWgVhhV\ZeVgaZkZci|aVhjg[VXZZieVge]did"
hnci]hZ# 9Vch XZ ineZ YZ WVhh^ch! aV egd[dcYZjg %!' | %!* b Zhi igh [V^WaZ P'! &%R VÒc YZ
eZgbZiigZ | aV ajb^gZ Yj hdaZ^a YZ ecigZg YVch idjiZ aV egd[dcYZjg Zi YÉVkd^g YZ aÉdmn\cZ
Y^hhdjhYVchidjiZaVXdadccZYÉZVjP+R#6^ch^!AVXdcXZei^dcYZhiVc\hVgdW^ZhYd^iigZWVhZ
hjg aZh XdcY^i^dch YZ aÉ]^kZg iZbegVijgZ Zi ajb^gZ b^c^bjb P&%R# AÉji^a^hVi^dc YZh iVc\h
VgdW^ZhhZa^b^iZ\cgVaZbZciVjmg\^dchZchdaZ^aaZhZiX]VjYZh!a|d^acÉnVVjXjcg^hfjZYZ
XdjkZgijgZ \aVXZ P+R# AZ bVjkV^h [dcXi^dccZbZci YZh iVc\h! XÉZhi"|"Y^gZ jcZ ^chj[ÒhVcXZ
YÉdmn\cVi^dc!\cgZYZhegdWabZhYÉdYZjg#AZiZbehYZh_djgkVg^ZYZ&*|'%_djghP'R#>a
[Vji ZcigZiZc^g ZcaZkZg aZh WdjZh Zi aZh Va\jZh aZh iVc\h edjg gYj^gZ aZh dYZjgh Zi k^iZg aV
egda^[gVi^dcYZhbdjhi^fjZhP&%R#
A6<JC6<:¿B68GDE=NI:H
:I6C<H6wGwH
>aZhiXVgVXig^heVgaVeghZcXZYZeaVciZhk^h^WaZh|
aÉÃ^a cj# >a Zhi Xdchi^ij YZ eaVciZh ^bbZg\Zh dj
bZg\Zh! ZcgVX^cZh dj cdc! iZaaZh fjZ aZh
gdhZVjm! aZh bVhhZiiZh! aZh _dcXh! aZh hX^geZh! aZh
aVX]Zh!aZhaZci^aaZhYZVjdjaZh_VX^ci]ZhYZVj#AZh
WVhh^ch hdci Vadgh \cgVaZbZci YZ eajh [V^WaZ
hjg[VXZZibd^chegd[dcY%!+|%!-bdaVX]Vg\Z
edaajVciZZhieajh[V^WaZP(R#6j"YZa|YZhdc^cigi
Zhi]i^fjZ! aÉji^a^hVi^dc YZh bVXgde]niZh eZji
Vba^dgZg h^\c^ÒXVi^kZbZci aV fjVa^i YZ aÉZ[ÓjZci!
bV^h aZjg W^dbVhhZ cZ egdYj^i \jgZ YZ WcÒXZh
hjeeabZciV^gZh# AÉZ[[Zi ejgVid^gZ Zhi Y
eg^cX^eVaZbZci|aV[VXjaiYZXZheaVciZhYÉZmigV^gZ
aZh abZcih cjig^i^[h YZ aV XdadccZ YÉZVj Zi Vj
hjeedgi fjZ aZjgh gVX^cZh Zi [Zj^aaZh d[[gZci Vjm
b^Xgddg\Vc^hbZh hjhXZei^WaZh YZ Y\gVYZg aZh
bVi^gZhdg\Vc^fjZhZic^ig^ÒZgaÉVodiZVbbdc^VXVa#
AÉZ[[Zi hjg aV Y\gVYVi^dc YZ aV bVi^gZ dg\Vc^fjZ
eVhhZeg^cX^eVaZbZcieVgaVXgVi^dcYÉjcZodcZYZ
g]^odbZh hZgkVci XdbbZ hjeedgi edjg aZ W^dÒab
edjkVciY\gVYZg#8ZiZ[[ZiZhiXZeZcYVcib^c^b^h
eVg aV Y^b^cji^dc YZ aV g"VgVi^dc YZ aV XdadccZ
YÉZVj# EVg XdcigZ! adbWgV\Z YZ aZVj Y | aV
eghZcXZ YZh bVXgde]niZh Y^b^cjZ [dgiZbZci aV
fjVci^iYZgVndccZbZcihJKfj^ViiZ^\cZciaZVj
Zi aZ[ÒXVX^i ejgVid^gZ k^h | k^h YZh ZheXZh
eVi]d\cZh
^cY^XVig^XZh
Xda^[dgbZh
Zi
higZeidXdfjZh P)R# 9Z eajh! aÉji^a^hVi^dc YZh
bVXgde]niZhZcigV^cZjcZVj\bZciVi^dcYZhXdih
YZ[dcXi^dccZbZciYj[V^iYÉjcZcigZi^ZceajhadjgY
[VjXVgYV\ZZiVggVX]V\ZP(R#
8ZhiVc\hXdbedgiZcijcbdYZYÉVgVi^dcbXVc^fjZ!iZafjZYZhijgW^cZhÓdiiVciZh
djÒmZhegd[dcYZjg'|(bdjYZhhnhibZhYÉ^chj[ÓVi^dcYÉV^gegd[dcYZjg(|*bP'!&&R!fj^
Vj\bZciZ aÉVa^bZciVi^dc Zc dmn\cZ egdkZcVci YZ bdnZch cVijgZah P+R# AZh iVc\h Vgh hdci
\cgVaZbZcihj^k^hYÉjcWVhh^cYZaV\jcV\Z|b^Xgde]niZhYVchaZfjZaaZheVgi^XjaZhZchjheZc"
h^dc!fj^cÉdcieVhYXVciYVchaÉiVc\Vg!WgVhhdjeVgi^ZaaZbZciWgVhh!hZYedhZciZihZ
Y\gVYZcieVgkd^ZVcVgdW^ZP+R#>aZm^hiZYZjmineZhYZWVhh^chVgh/aÉiVc\VgVgdW^ZYVch
aZfjZa aÉdmn\cZ Zi aZh bVi^gZh Zc hjheZch^dc B:H hdci jc^[dgbbZci geVgi^h YVch idji aZ
WVhh^c!ZiaÉiVc\VgVgdW^Z"VcVgdW^ZdjVg[VXjaiVi^[YVchaZfjZaaÉdmn\cZcÉZhieghZci
fjZ YVch aZh XdjX]Zh hjeg^ZjgZh Zi YVch aZfjZa! hZjaZ jcZ eVgi^Z YZh bVi^gZh hda^YZh Zhi
bV^ciZcjZZchjheZch^dc#9VchjciVc\VgdW^Z!aZhhda^YZhhdcibV^ciZcjheVgi^ZaaZbZciZc
hjheZch^dc#9VchjciVc\[VXjaiVi^[!jcZeVgi^ZYZhB:HYXVciZVj[dcYYjWVhh^cdZaaZZcigZ
Zc [ZgbZciVi^dc VcVgdW^Z# AZh biVWda^iZh YZ XZiiZ Y^\Zhi^dc hdci Zchj^iZ dmnYh YVch aZh
XdjX]Zhhjeg^ZjgZhVgdW^ZhP'R#
A:HB68GDE=NI:H!:M:BEA:9:HA:CI>AA:H9:6JP)R/
8dcigV^gZbZci Vjm bVXgde]niZh ZcgVX^ch! aZh aZci^aaZh YÉZVj eZjkZci egda^[gZg
cVijgZaaZbZci YVch aZh aV\jcZh Zi XdcYj^gZ Vj gZXdjkgZbZci YZ aÉZchZbWaZ Yj WVhh^c eVg jcZ
eV^hhZXdjX]Zk\iVaZ!ZcigV^cVciYZhYnh[dcXi^dccZbZciheajhdjbd^ch\gVkZh#8Zhk\iVjm
hZbWaZciXdadc^hZgeg[gZci^ZaaZbZciaZhWVhh^chVkVa!YZeZi^iZiV^aaZZiVWg^ihYjkZciP&(!&)R#
IdjiZ[d^h!aZjgeghZcXZcÉZhieVh^cXdbeVi^WaZVkZXaZ[dcXi^dccZbZciYZhaV\jcZhP&)R#:cZ[[Zi!aV
aZci^aaZ YÉZVj Xdci^Zci WZVjXdje YabZcih cjig^i^[h! XdbbZ YZh egdi^cZh Zi YZh k^iVb^cZh! Zi
XdcigV^gZbZci|WZVjXdjeYVjigZheaVciZhVfjVi^fjZh!ZaaZedhhYZaÉVkVciV\ZYZcZXdciZc^gfjZ
igheZjYZÒWgZhZieZji!\g}XZ|hVeZi^iZiV^aaZ!igZ[VX^aZbZcigXdaiZ#AVbVi^gZhX]ZYZh
AZbcVXZheZjiXdciZc^g'%"(*YZegdi^cZh#EajhaViZcZjgZcVodiZYVchaÉZVjZhiaZkZ!eajhaV
W^dbVhhZXdci^ZcYgVYZegdi^cZh#AVaZci^aaZYÉZVjeZjiigZigdjkZcVijgZaaZbZciYVchaZbdcYZ
Zci^Zg Zi hZ XdbedhZ YZ fjVigZ \ZcgZh AZbcV! He^gdYZaV! LdaÒV Zi LdaÒZaaV# >ah dci idjh jcZ
higjXijgZighh^beaZYZh[Zj^aaZhdkVaZhYZfjZafjZhb^aa^bigZh!Y^hedhZhhjgaZeaVcYÉZVjVkZXjc
hnhibZ YZ gVX^cZh YZ aV bbZ iV^aaZ hVch igdcX Y^hi^cXi# AZh aZci^aaZh dci jcZ egdYjXi^dc YZ
W^dbVhhZaZkZ!fj^eZjiigZVba^dgZeVgaViZX]c^fjZYZXjaijgZZikZcijZaaZbZcieVgaÉVYY^i^dc
YZh [Zgi^a^hVcih# 8ÉZhi egdWVWaZbZci AZbcV fj^ XdckZgi^i aZ b^Zjm aZh cjig^bZcih# AV W^dbVhhZ
egdYj^iZeZjiXdchi^ijZgjcZmXZaaZciVa^bZciedjgaZhed^hhdch!aVkdaV^aaZdjaZWiV^a#AVXjaijgZYZ
aZbcVXZh eZji V^ch^ Xdchi^ijZg jcZ ^cX^iVi^dc ÒcVcX^gZ edjg aZ YkZadeeZbZci YÉVXi^k^ih YZ
igV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZh#
Les ma c r o p hy t e s l e n t i l l e s d ’ e a u (Le m na m inor )
http: / / g u illa u m e . d o u c e t . f re e . f r
www.unesco.ma
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
(
:C7G:;
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
H>I:9É>BEA6CI6I>DC
AZX]d^mYjh^iZYÉ^beaVciVi^dcYZaVaV\jcZZhiigh
^bedgiVci# :c Z[[Zi! aZh hdah Zc eaVXZ Yd^kZci igZ
hj[ÒhVbbZciiVcX]ZhZi[VX^aZh|XdbeVXiZgP&*R#
AdghfjZ aÉiVcX]^i YZh WVhh^ch YZ aV\jcV\Z Zhi
bVagVa^hZ!YZjmegdWabZheZjkZcihZedhZg/^
bVjkV^h gZbea^hhV\Z Zi YdcX bVjkV^h
[dcXi^dccZbZciYZaVaV\jcZ0^^XdciVb^cVi^dcYZ
aVcVeeZe]gVi^fjZeVgZcigV^cZbZciYZhedaajVcih
P&*!&+R#EdjgdWiZc^gjc[dcXi^dccZbZciXdggZXiYZ
aÉdjkgV\Z!^aXdck^ZciYZhÉVhhjgZgfjZaZhYW^ihYZh
VeedgihZVjmjhZh eajk^dbig^Zhdcihjeg^Zjgh
|XZjmYZheZgiZh^cÒaigVi^dc kVedgVi^dcdjVj
bd^ch\VjmZceg^dYZaVeajhY[VkdgVWaZaVeajh
hX]ZZi$djaVeajhX]VjYZP&+R#H^aVeZgbVW^a^i
Yj iZggV^c Zhi igde [dgiZ! YZh igVkVjm YÉiVcX]^i
Yd^kZci igZ gVa^hh P&*R# AZh bi]dYZh edhh^WaZh
hdciP&+R/
8dbeVXiV\Zhdaji^dcaVeajhXdcdb^fjZ
fjVcYaZhdaZceaVXZaZeZgbZi0
IgV^iZbZciYZhhdahWZcidc^iZ0
EdhZYÉjcZ\dbZbWgVcZ#HdcZbead^
Vj\bZciZaZXdiYZ[Vdc^bedgiVciZ#
DC:E
B a s s in d e la st a ti o n d e B o u a rf a - M ar oc, de t ype
a na ér o b ie, ét a n ché p a r u n e g é o me m br ane .
9NH;DC8I>DCC:B:CI 9J A6<JC6<:
C6IJG:A
AZhXg^hZhhZigVYj^hZcieVgaVY^heVg^i^dcYZhVa\jZh!
aÉVWhZcXZYÉdmn\cVi^dcZiaZhcj^hVcXZhda[VXi^kZh
fj^ZcYXdjaZci#9Zhe]cdbcZh»YÉZVjmgdj\Zh
¼VeeVgV^hhZciVkZXaZYkZadeeZbZciYZWVXig^Zh
e]didhnci]i^fjZh Yj hdj[gZ! fj^ ji^a^hZci XdbbZ
hjWhigVi aÉ='H Yj b^a^Zj# 8Zh Ynh[dcXi^dccZbZcih
VeeVgV^hhZci
bV_dg^iV^gZbZci
Zc
eg^dYZ
VjidbcZ"]^kZg# EVg ZmZbeaZ! Zc VjidbcZ! VkZX aV
gYjXi^dc YZ aV YjgZ YZ aÉXaV^gZbZci Zi aV
gYjXi^dc YZ iZbegVijgZ! jcZ Y^heVg^i^dc eajh dj
bd^chWgjiVaZYZaVW^dbVhhZVa\VaZeZji^ciZgkZc^g#
AZh Ynh[dcXi^dccZbZcih egdk^ZccZci hd^i YZ
XVgZcXZh YVch aV XdcXZei^dc! hd^i YZ Y[Vjih
YÉZmead^iVi^dc# EVg ZmZbeaZ! ^a [Vji k^iZg jcZ
egd[dcYZjgZmXZhh^kZYZhWVhh^ch!ZceVgi^Xja^ZgYj
&Zg0^a[Vji[Vkdg^hZgjcZ[dgbZVaadc\ZYZhWVhh^ch
0 aZ gVXXdgYZbZci YÉZ[ÓjZcih ^cYjhig^Zah Zhi |
egdhXg^gZ0ZiX#P.R#
)
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
Egd[dcYZjghgVeedgiZhYVchaVa^iigVijgZhX^Zci^ÒfjZZiiZX]c^fjZ
XdcXZgcVciaZhY^[[gZcihineZhYZaV\jcZ#
IneZYZaV\jcZ
Egd[dcYZjgb
G[gZcXZ
;VXjaiVi^[
1'
P&R
&'
P'R
&!*(
P&&R
BVijgVi^dc
&&!*
P&R
&*
P&%R
6cVgdW^Z
'*
P&R
'!**
P'R
6gdW^Z
%!'%!* P'!&%R
6g
'!))!- P'R
'*
P&&R
HZadcaZhnhibZYÉVgVi^dc
6K6CI6<:H9JA6<JC6<:
AZeg^cX^eZYZaV\jcV\ZeghZciZfjVigZVkVciV\ZheVgi^Xja^Zgh/ZciZgbZhYÉXdcdb^Z!
YÉXdad\^Z! YÉVbcV\ZbZci Yj iZgg^id^gZ Zi YZ eYV\d\^Z# 9Éjc ed^ci YZ kjZ Xdcdb^fjZ!
aÉZcigZi^ZcYÉjcZhiVi^dcYZaV\jcV\ZZhibd^chXdiZjmZibd^chadc\fjjcZhiVi^dcXaVhh^fjZ0
jcZ hiVi^dc YZ aV\jcV\Z cZ eghZciZ VjXjc gVXXdgYZbZci aZXig^fjZ Zi cZ YZbVcYZ eVh YZ
eZghdccZafjVa^Ò#wXdad\^fjZbZcieVgaVci!aZhWVhh^chYZaV\jcV\ZYkZadeeZciidjijcXdhnh"
ibZ! d aZh k\iVjm VfjVi^fjZh hZgkZci V^ch^ YZ hjeedgi Zi YZ cdjgg^ijgZ | jcZ [VjcZ
cdbWgZjhZ iZaaZ fjZ aZh d^hZVjm! aZh Vbe]^W^Zch! aZh ^chZXiZh! fj^ Xdcig^WjZ | VXXgdigZ aV
W^dY^kZgh^i Yj hZXiZjg# 6adgh fjZ aZh XdbbjcZh gjgVaZh hdci YZ eajh Zc eajh ViiZci^kZh |
aÉVbcV\ZbZciYZaZjgiZgg^id^gZ!XZineZYVhhV^c^hhZbZciVhhjgZjcZ^ci\gVi^dceVg[V^iZYVchaZ
XdciZmiZeVnhV\ZgX]Vbeh!iVc\XdbbjcVa!ZiX##:cÒc!jcWVhh^cYZaV\jcV\ZeZjihZgk^gYZ
hjeedgi|YZhhj_ZihYZeYV\d\^ZighY^kZgh^Òh!iZahfjZaZVj!aVhhV^c^hhZbZci!aV[VjcZZiaV
ÓdgZVfjVi^fjZP*R#
EVg V^aaZjgh! ^a Zm^hiZ fjZafjZh VjigZh VkVciV\Zh Yj egdXY eVg aV\jcV\Z! iZah fjZ
aÉVWhZcXZYZXdchdbbVi^dcYÉcZg\^ZZiYZegdYj^ihX]^b^fjZhZiaVedhh^W^a^iYZkVadg^hZgYZh
hdjh"egdYj^ih W^dbVhhZ eaVcXidc^fjZ! eaVciZh YÉZVj! ed^hhdch YÉaZkV\Z Zi YÉji^a^hZg aÉZVj
ejgZedjgaV[Zgi^a^hVi^dcZiaÉ^gg^\Vi^dcZcV\g^XjaijgZP&'R#JcZVjigZXVgVXig^hi^fjZ^bedgiVciZ
Zhi hdc \gVcY edjkd^g iVbedc [VXZ Vjm kVg^Vi^dch YZ X]Vg\Zh dg\Vc^fjZh dj ]nYgVja^fjZh! Zc
gV^hdc Yj iZbeh YZ giZci^dc ]nYgVja^fjZ fj^ Zhi WZVjXdje eajh aZk fjZ YVch aZh VjigZh
egdXYhP+R#
>C8DCKwC>:CIH9JA6<JC6<:
8ZegdXYYZigV^iZbZcieghZciZaZheg^cX^eVjm^cXdckc^Zcihhj^kVcih/
JcZZbeg^hZVjhda^bedgiVciZP*R0
9ZhXdcigV^ciZhYZcVijgZYZhdaZiYiVcX]^iP*R0
JcZkVg^Vi^dchV^hdcc^gZYZaVfjVa^iYZaZVjigV^iZP*R0
JcZa^b^cVi^dcYZaVodiZZiYje]dhe]dgZ^cXdbeaiZP*R0
9ZhY^[ÒXjaihYZmigVXi^dcYZhWdjZhP*R0
AÉ^bedhh^W^a^iYÉZ[[ZXijZgYZhg\aV\ZhZcZmead^iVi^dcP*R!^bea^fjVciYdcXfjZaVXdcXZei^dc
YZh^chiVaaVi^dch^ci\gZVjbVm^bjbaZhXdcigV^ciZhViiZcYjZhiZaaZhfjZaZhed^ciZh]nYgVj"
a^fjZhZidg\Vc^fjZh!aZhiZbegVijgZhb^c^bVaZhP&(R#
EVgV^aaZjgh!aZbVjkV^h[dcXi^dccZbZciZi$djZcigZi^ZcYÉjcWVhh^cYZaV\jcV\ZeZji
egdYj^gZYZhdYZjghZiZcigVcZgaZgZ_ZiYÉjcZ[ÓjZcibVaejgfj^edjggVVkd^gjcZ[[ZicdX^[hjg
aVk^ZVfjVi^fjZYVchaZXdjghYÉZVjgXZeiZjg#9Zeajh!Vj[jgZi|bZhjgZYZaVXgd^hhVcXZYÉjcZ
XdaaZXi^k^iYZhhZgk^ZeVgjchnhibZYÉejgVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZheVgaV\jcV\ZdjYZaÉ^bedh^i^dc
YÉZm^\ZcXZheajhhig^XiZhgZaVi^kZbZci|aÉZ[ÓjZcieVgaZhdg\Vc^hbZhYZg\aZbZciVi^dc!^ahZeZji
fjZ aÉ^chiVaaVi^dc Yd^kZ igZ Vba^dgZ Zc dei^b^hVci aZ [dcXi^dccZbZci dj Zc V\gVcY^hhVci
aÉ^chiVaaVi^dc#8ZaVZcigVcZgVYÉ^bedgiVciZh^bbdW^a^hVi^dchZiYZhXdihYZ[dcXi^dccZbZcieajh
aZkhedjgaVXdaaZXi^k^iP+R#
www.unesco.ma
:C7G:;
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
B>C>B>H6I>DC9:HD9:JGH
:cXVhYZbVjkV^h[dcXi^dccZbZciYÉjcZaV\jcZ!^a
n V jc g^hfjZ YÉdYZjgh! \cgVaZbZci Y | jcZ
^chiVaaVi^dchjgX]Vg\Zdjhdjh"Y^bZch^dccZ!jcZ
bVjkV^hZ X^gXjaVi^dc YZ aÉZVj! jc V[ÓZjgZbZci YZ
odcZh YZ Yei Zc hjg[VXZ! YZh XdcY^i^dch
bidgdad\^fjZheVgi^Xja^gZhP&)R#
8Zh e]cdbcZh hdci eg^cX^eVaZbZci dWhZgkh Zc
Òc YÉVjidbcZ Zi Zc ]^kZg P&(R# 8ZiiZ cj^hVcXZ
da[VXi^kZ! fj^ eZji! YVch XZgiV^ch XVh! igZ
VXXdbeV\cZ YÉjcZ Y\gVYVi^dc YZ aV fjVa^i Yj
igV^iZbZciP&)R!eZjiigZb^c^b^hZZcZck^hV\ZVci
YÉVjigZh Y^hedh^i^dch YZ XdcXZei^dc Zi
YÉZmead^iVi^dc/
6ba^dgZg aV X^gXjaVi^dc Zi aV geVgi^i^dc YZh
ZVjmjhZhYVchaZWVhh^cYZiiZP&)R0
BZiigZZceaVXZYZaÉVgVi^dcbXVc^fjZYVch
aZ egZb^Zg WVhh^c edjg Vj\bZciZg aZ igVch[Zgi
YÉdmn\cZP+R0
FjVcYaZhWdjZhVXXjbjaZhXdcig^WjZci|aV
egdYjXi^dc YÉdYZjgh! ZcaZkZg aZh WdjZh Yj
WVhh^cYZaV\jcV\ZP+R0
FjVcYYZhiVe^hÓdiiVcihYZWdjZh!YÉVa\jZhdj
YZk\iVi^dchdcik^h^WaZh!ZcaZkZgaZhiVe^hdj
aZhWg^hZgVkZXjcZZbWVgXVi^dcbdidg^hZZiaZh
aV^hhZghÉZc[dcXZgYVchaVXdjX]ZYZWdjZhP+R0
EVhhZg Vj [dcXi^dccZbZci Zc eVgVaaaZ edjg
geVgi^g aV X]Vg\Z dg\Vc^fjZ hjg jc kdajbZ
hjeeabZciV^gZYZWVhh^cYZaV\jcV\ZP+R0
GZX^gXjaZgYVchaZWVhh^chj_Zi|igZhjgX]Vg\
aÉZ[ÓjZci YZ WVhh^c YZ aV\jcV\Z fj^ Xdci^Zci
jcZXdcXZcigVi^dcaZkZYÉdmn\cZY^hhdjhP+R0
6_djiZgjcegdYj^iX]^b^fjZ!iZafjZYjc^igViZ
YZ hdY^jb dj Yj eZgdmnYZ YÉ]nYgd\cZ!
XdbbZ hdjgXZ YÉdmn\cZ edjg Vj\bZciZg
aÉdmn\cZY^hhdjhP+R#
9wE=DHE=6I6I>DC
Edjg gZcXdcigZg aZh Xg^igZh YZ Ye]dhe]ViVi^dc
YVchjcigV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZheVgaV\jcV\Z!^a
Zhiedhh^WaZYÉji^a^hZgjchZabiVaa^fjZ!iZafjZYZ
aÉVajcZiYjX]adgjgZ[Zgg^fjZ!edjgjcZcakZbZci
X]^b^fjZ Yj e]dhe]dgZ P'R# 9Vch aZh hnhibZh |
WVhh^ch bjai^eaZh! aZ egdYj^i X]^b^fjZ eZji igZ
gV_dji|aÉZcigZYjYZgc^ZgWVhh^c#8ZiiZ[VdcYZ
egdXYZgeZgbZiYZgYj^gZaVfjVci^iYjegdYj^i
X]^b^fjZji^a^hZiaVegdYjXi^dcYZWdjZhP+R#>aZhi
\VaZbZci edhh^WaZ YÉVkd^g gZXdjgh Vjm eaVciZh
VfjVi^fjZh ÓdiiVciZh! eg^cX^eVaZbZci aZh _VX^ci]Zh
YÉZVj :^X]]db^V XgVhh^eZh Zi aZh aZci^aaZh YÉZVj
AZbcVXZVYVchaZhiVc\hVgh[VXjaiVi^[hZicdc
VghP'R#
www.unesco.ma
B6>CI:C6C8:
AZ egdXY YZ igV^iZbZci YZh ZVjm jhZh eVg aV\jcV\Z eghZciZ aÉ^cigi YÉjc Xdi
YÉZmead^iVi^dc gYj^i# >a Zhi XZeZcYVci ^begVi^[ YZ gVa^hZg jc cdbWgZ b^c^bVa YZ igVkVjm
g\ja^Zgh YZ bV^ciZcVcXZ! hdjh eZ^cZ YZ kd^g hZ Y\gVYZg | aV [d^h aÉVheZXi YZh WVhh^ch Zi aZh
eZg[dgbVcXZhYÉejgVi^dc#AVeajeVgiYZhdegVi^dchYZbV^ciZcVcXZeZjkZciigZgVa^hZheVg
YZh degViZjgh hVch [dgbVi^dc heX^Va^hZ hjg aÉejgVi^dc YZh ZVjm# AZh i}X]Zh g\ja^gZh
YÉZmead^iVi^dcXdbegZccZciaÉZcigZi^ZcYZhdjkgV\ZhYZegigV^iZbZci!aÉZcigZi^ZcYZhVWdgYhYZh
aV\jcZh! aV hjgkZ^aaVcXZ \cgVaZ ^cXajVci aÉXdjaZbZci YZ aÉZVj! aV eghZcXZ YZ ÓdiiVcih! aV
XdjaZjgYZaÉZVj!aÉiViYZhY^\jZhZiaÉVeeVg^i^dcYÉdYZjgh!aZ[VjXVgYV\ZYZhbVXgde]niZhZiaZh
degVi^dchYZXjgV\ZP&)R#
8JG6<:9:H7DJ:H
AVk^iZhhZYÉVXXjbjaVi^dcYZhWdjZhYeZcYYZaVXdcXZei^dcYjWVhh^cYZaV\jcV\Z!
YZaVXdcXZcigVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZhZiYZhXdcY^i^dchXa^bVi^fjZh#9VchaZhg\^dch[gd^YZh!aZh
WdjZhhÉVXXjbjaZcieajhgVe^YZbZci!eVgXZfjZaVk^iZhhZYZY\gVYVi^dcYZaVbVi^gZdg\Vc^fjZ
YXVciZ Y^b^cjZ YZ [Vdc ^bedgiVciZ P+R# :c \cgVa! jcZ [gVXi^dc ^bedgiVciZ YZh WdjZh hZ
YedhZVjkd^h^cV\ZYjed^ciYÉVgg^kZYZhZVjmjhZh!dZaaZ[dgbZjcXcZYZhY^bZciVi^dc0
aÉVjigZ[gVXi^dchY^bZciZjc^[dgbbZciVj[dcYYZaVaV\jcZP&)R#AVk^YVc\ZYZhWdjZhZhijcZ
degVi^dc YÉZcigZi^Zc ZhhZci^ZaaZ! fj^ Xdch^hiZ | kVXjZg aZh WdjZh YXVciZh! VnVci hjW^ jcZ
Y\gVYVi^dcVcVgdW^ZZc[dcYYZhY^[[gZcihWVhh^chP.R#
AZ Xg^igZ eg^cX^eVa fj^ YXaZcX]Z jcZ degVi^dc YZ XjgV\Z Zhi idji YÉVWdgY aÉ}\Z YZ
aÉdjkgV\Z!iVneVgYZhXg^igZhk^hjZahiZahfjZaVgZbdciZYZWdjZhhedgVY^fjZh!aVXdjaZjg
aV^iZjhZ Yj WVhh^c YZ iiZ dj da[VXi^[h iZbedgV^gZh# Edjg YZh eZi^iZh ^chiVaaVi^dch! aZh bZhjgZh
e]nh^Xd"X]^b^fjZh YZ aV fjVa^i Yj gZ_Zi hdci igde gVgZh edjg YbdcigZg jcZ Y\gVYVi^dc YZ
fjVa^ia^ZeVgZmZbeaZ|jciVjmYZWdjZZmXZhh^[P.R#
AVegdXYjgZ]VW^ijZaaZVkVcijcXjgV\ZZhiYZgVa^hZgjcZWVi]nbig^ZVÒcYÉkVajZg
aV ]VjiZjg YZ WdjZ Zi YZ adXVa^hZg aZh a^Zjm YÉVXXjbjaVi^dc# H^ aV ]VjiZjg YZ WdjZh bdnZccZ
YeVhhZ'*Xb!aVcXZhh^iYjXjgV\ZZhihnhibVi^fjZbZciXdcÒgbZP.R#
AZXjgV\ZeZjiigZgVa^hhZadcaZhbi]dYZhhj^kVciZhP.R/
EdbeV\Z Y^gZXi hVch k^YVc\Z Yj hjgcV\ZVci# 8ZiiZ iZX]c^fjZ Zhi YhdgbV^h Xdch^YgZ
XdbbZYhjiZXVgZaaZcZeZgbZieVhYZk^hjVa^hZgaVWdccZgVa^hVi^dcYjigVkV^agVa^h0
:kVXjVi^dc eVgi^ZaaZ Yj hjgcV\ZVci hjg jcZ ]VjiZjg YZ '% Xb Zck^gdc Zi ji^a^hVi^dc YÉjc
gVYZVjÓdiiVciedjgbV^ciZc^gaZY^hedh^i^[YZedbeV\ZfjZaÉdc\j^YZZiYeaVXZZc[dcXi^dc
YZ aV iZmijgZ YZh WdjZh kVXjZh# 9Zh XVcVa^hVi^dch eZgbZiiZci aZ YkZghZbZci Y^gZXi YZh
WdjZhYVchYZhX^iZgcZhfj^VhhjgZciaZigVchedgikZghaVodcZYÉeVcYV\ZX]d^h^Z#8ZbdYZ
YÉZmigVXi^dc Zhi ji^a^hZ YVch (* YZh XVh! bbZ hÉ^a bdcigZ jcZ hdjeaZhhZ a^b^iZ edjg
VXXYZgVjmWdgYhYZhWVhh^ch!a^ZjmXaV^gZbZci^YZci^ÒhXdbbZodcZhYZYeiheg^k^a\^h0
:kVXjVi^dcidiVaZYjhjgcV\ZVci_jhfjÉ|XZfjZaZhWdjZhhd^ZciV[ÓZjgVciZh#JcZc\^cYZ
X]Vci^Zg! bjc^ YÉjcZ aVbZ Zi hZ YeaVVci hjg YZ aVg\Zh X]Zc^aaZh WjaaYdoZg YZh bVgV^h!
YVbZjhZYZcZ^\Z½ecigZ|aÉ^cig^ZjgYZhWVhh^chZiedjhhZaZhWdjZhkZghjcedhiZYZ
edbeV\Z#8ZbdYZYZXjgV\ZZhihdjkZcieg^k^a\^Yj[V^iYZaVk^h^W^a^iYjigVkV^aZ[[ZXij0
:kVXjVi^dc idiVaZ Yj hjgcV\ZVci Zi hX]V\Z YZh WdjZh hjg eaVXZ eZcYVci jcZ eg^dYZ
hj[ÒhVciZ! YZ aÉdgYgZ Yj bd^h! VÒc YZ gYj^gZ aZjg kdajbZ# 8ZiiZ bi]dYZ fj^ bdY^ÒZ
adc\iZbehaZ[dcXi^dccZbZciYZaVaV\jcZgZhiZYÉjhV\Zigha^b^i#
9wK:ADEE:B:CIH;JIJGH
AZh gZX]ZgX]Zh hZ XdcXZcigZci VXijZaaZbZci hjg aÉji^a^hVi^dc YZ ÒaigZh | hVWaZ |
Va^bZciVi^dc ^ciZgb^iiZciZ ;H> | aV hdgi^Z YZh aV\jcZh# 8Z hnhibZ eghZciZ aÉVkVciV\Z YZ
XdchZgkZg aZh XVeVX^ih ]nYgVja^fjZh YZh aV\jcZh Zi YÉVba^dgZg aÉa^b^cVi^dc YZ aV bVi^gZ
dg\Vc^fjZZiaVc^ig^ÒXVi^dcXdbeabZciV^gZP+!.R#
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
*
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
FJ:AFJ:H9DCCw:H9:AÉD;;>8:C6I>DC6A9:AÉ:6JEDI67A:DC:E9JB6GD8P&,R
:c hjh YZ hZh eg^cX^eVaZh b^hh^dch YZ
eaVc^ÒXViZjg Zi YZ egdYjXiZjg YZ aÉZVj ediVWaZ |
aÉX]ZaaZ cVi^dcVaZ! aÉD[ÒXZ CVi^dcVa YZ aÉ:Vj EdiVWaZ
DC:EYjBVgdXVkjhZhhiVijihiZcYjheVgaÉ:iViZc
'%%% edjg aj^ eZgbZiigZ YZ egZcYgZ Zc X]Vg\Z
\VaZbZciaZhZgk^XZYÉVhhV^c^hhZbZciedjgaZXdbeiZ
YZhXdbbjcZh!fj^aZhdj]V^iZci#
Edjg[V^gZ[VXZ|XZiiZcdjkZaaZeggd\Vi^kZ!aÉDC:EV[V^i
YZaÉVhhV^c^hhZbZcia^fj^YZjcZYZhZhb^hh^dchhigVi\^fjZh#
Jcegd\gVbbZYZYkZadeeZbZciVbW^i^ZjmYZeajhYZ&*b^aa^VgYh
YZ Y^g]Vbh V V^ch^ i aVWdg k^hVci | Xdjkg^g | aÉ]dg^odc '%&,!
aÉZchZbWaZ YZh XZcigZh d aÉDC:E VhhjgZ aV Y^hig^Wji^dc YZ aÉZVj
ediVWaZedjgaZXdbeiZYZhXdbbjcZhP&,R#
6 Òc '%%+! aDC:E Zhi ^ciZgkZcj YVch aV \Zhi^dc YZ )&
eZi^iZhZibdnZccZhk^aaZhedjgaZXdbeiZYZhXdbbjcZh!VjegdÒi
YjcZedejaVi^dcidiVaZYZ&!,b^aa^dchY]VW^iVcihP&,R#
AZ egd\gVbbZ YÉ^ckZhi^hhZbZci '%%+"'%%. Zck^gdc )
b^aa^VgYh YZ Y^g]Vbh ^ci\gZ hnhibVi^fjZbZci aV XdaaZXiZ! aZ
igVchedgiZihjgidjiaejgVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZhVkVciaZjggZhi^iji^dc
kZghaZb^a^ZjcVijgZaP&,R#
Hdjh aZ XdciZmiZ Xa^bVi^fjZ Zi hdX^d"Xdcdb^fjZ Yj
GdnVjbZ Yj BVgdX! aZ aV\jcV\Z! bd^ch XdiZjm Zi eajh h^beaZ |
Zmead^iZg fjZ aZh hnhibZh YÉejgVi^dc eVg WdjZh VXi^kZh dj eVg
igV^iZbZcie]nh^Xd"X]^b^fjZ!ViVYdeiZigZXdbbVcYedjgaZh
eZi^iZhZibdnZccZhk^aaZhbVgdXV^cZh#:cZ[[Zi!iZcVciXdbeiZYZaV
XVeVX^iXdcig^Wji^kZYZhX^idnZch!aZigV^iZbZcieVgaV\jcV\ZZhijc
igV^iZbZci Z[ÒXVXZ Zi jcZ hdaji^dc gZciVWaZ Zi YjgVWaZ edjg aZ
igV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZhYZheZi^iZhZibdnZccZhXdbbjcZhP&-R#
AZhZVjmjhZhigV^iZheVgaV\jcV\ZhdciYZhZVjm|XVgVXigZ
eg^cX^eVaZbZciYdbZhi^fjZ!YdciaV97D*bdnZccZZhiYÉZck^gdc(*%
b\D'$A!cZYeVhhVcieVh+%%b\D'$A!^hhjZhYZheZi^iZhZibdnZccZh
k^aaZh!XdggZhedcYVciVjmeZi^iZhXdaaZXi^k^ih[gVcV^hZhP&-R#
<cgVaZbZci! jcZ hiVi^dc bVgdXV^cZ YZ igV^iZbZci eVg
aV\jcV\Z XdbegZcY jc dj eajh^Zjgh WVhh^ch VcVgdW^Zh Zc iiZ YZ
hiVi^dc!hj^k^hYZWVhh^ch[VXjaiVi^[h#AÉji^a^hVi^dcYZhWVhh^chVcVgdW^Zh
XdggZhedcYYÉjcZeVgi|jcX]d^mXdcdb^fjZ!Y^b^cji^dcYZ)%YZh
Xdih YZ igV^iZbZci Zi YZ aV hjeZgÒX^Z ji^a^hZ fjZ edjg YZh WVhh^ch
Vgh! Zi YÉVjigZ eVgi | jc X]d^m YZ eg^dg^i YZ igV^iZbZci! fj^ k^hZ
aÉZcakZbZciYjXVgWdcZ!kjfjZaZhcdgbZhhjgaÉVodiZZiaZe]dhe]dgZ
cÉZm^hiZcieVhZcXdgZVjBVgdXZifjZaÉZVjigV^iZeZjiigZgji^a^hZ
edjgaÉ^gg^\Vi^dcV\g^XdaZ!ZciVcifjÉZc\gV^hP&-R#
AZh iVWaZVjm hj^kVcih ghjbZci aZh Y^[[gZciZh hiVi^dch Zc
[dcXi^dccZbZcidjYdciaVb^hZZchZgk^XZZhiegkjZZc'%%-P&.R#
EdjgaZhÒa^gZhYZineZVcVgdW^Zh!aZiZbehYZh_djgkVg^Z
ZcigZ ( Zi * _djgh Zi aV egd[dcYZjg kVg^Z ZcigZ ( Zi * b# :c XZ fj^
XdcXZgcZaZhWVhh^ch[VXjaiVi^[h!aZiZbehYZh_djgkVg^ZZcigZ&*Zi(%
_djghZiaVegd[dcYZjgkVg^ZZcigZ&!'Zi'bP&.R#
?jhfjÉ| eghZci! VjXjcZ degVi^dc YZ XjgV\Z YZ WdjZ cÉV
ZcXdgZigVa^hZYVchVjXjcZYZhhiVi^dcheghZciZh^X^P&-R#
JC:H8D
HiVi^dchYÉejgVi^dcDC:EYZineZaV\jcV\Z|bZiigZZcZVjZc'%%-#
A^Zj
EgdXY 9ViZYZb^hZZchZgk^XZegkjZ
9W^iY^bZch^dccb($_
7ZggZX]^Y
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
&+%%+
7djoc^`V
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
)%%%
;djbO\j^Y
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6
'%%-
'&%
:hhVdj^gV
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
.'*%
DjaVYIZ^bV
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
(..'
H^Y^IV^W^ AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ; B '%%-
&(,+
IVg[VnV AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6
'%%-
-%%
IVg\j^hi AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
&'%%
HiVi^dchYÉejgVi^dcDC:EYZineZaV\jcV\Z!YdciaVb^hZZcZVjZhiZcXdjgh#
A^Zj
+
EgdXY 9ViZYZb^hZZchZgk^XZegkjZ
9W^iY^bZch^dccb($_
:a<VgV AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
&'(.
;djb:a=^hhc
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
(,+
IViV
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%-
.-%
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
www.unesco.ma
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
HiVi^dchYÉejgVi^dcDC:EYZineZaV\jcV\ZZchZgk^XZ#
A^Zj
EgdXY Bg^gi
9ViZYZb^hZZchZgk^XZ
9W^iY^bZch^dccb($_
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
?j^c'%%(
&-%%
H^Y^6WYZggZoV`
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
'%%)
-,
@VaVViB\djcV
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
6di'%%)
+&(
6^cIVdj_YViZ
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
HZeiZbWgZ'%%) &*%%
7Zc6]bZY
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
HZeiZbWgZ'%%) &-(%
7djVg[V AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6
HZeiZbWgZ'%%) &)''
G^hhVc^
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
CdkZbWgZ'%%) &&-%
6a6Vgdj^
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
9XZbWgZ'%%)
'(+%
DjVgoVoViZ
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
BV^'%%*
.%&&
<jZab^b
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
;kg^Zg'%%+
**+%
:ggVX]^Y^V
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6
BVgh'%%+
+%%%
7Zg`VcZ AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
?j^c'%%+
&(%%%
DjiVi:a=V_
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
9XZbWgZ'%%+
-,,
H^Y^:aBd`]iVg
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
9XZbWgZ'%%+
)-&
IV[gVdji AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6
9XZbWgZ'%%+
)('
IVdjg^gi AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ; B 9XZbWgZ'%%+
*)%%
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ; B 9XZbWgZ'%%+
).%%
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
6kg^a'%%,
*)&*
ZiIVgb^\iZ
I^oc^i
7c^7djVnVX]
>bodjgZc
JC:H8D
7^dj\gV 9Vg:a<jZYYVg^
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ; BV^'%%,
&&*+
?j^aaZi'%%,
,%+
>cÒaigVi^dc"EZgXdaVi^dc
AV\jcV\ZcVijgZa6 ;
6/VcVgdW^Z0;/[VXjaiVi^[0B/bVijgVi^dc
HI6I>DC9ÉwEJG6I>DC9:H:6JMJHw:H9:A6K>AA:9:7:CHA>B6C:P'%R
AZegd_ZiYÉejgVi^dcZiYZgji^a^hVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZhYZ7Zcha^bVcZVigVa^h\g}XZ|jceVgiZcVg^ViejWa^X"eg^kZcigZaVBjc^X^eVa^i
YZ7Zcha^bVcZ!jcdegViZjgejWa^XDC:EZijcdegViZjgeg^kHdX^iBVgdX>c\c^Zg^ZAd^h^ghZi9kZadeeZbZciÄB>A9#AZhdW_ZXi^[h
YÉjciZaegd_ZiiV^ZciaÉXdcdb^ZYZaÉZVj!aVegdiZXi^dcYZaÉZck^gdccZbZciZiYZaVhVciejWa^fjZZiaZYkZadeeZbZciYZhediZci^Va^ih
idjg^hi^fjZhYZaVg\^dc#8Zegd_Zi!YdciaZXdiiV^iYÉZck^gdc.(b^aa^dchYZY^g]Vbh!Vejkd^gaZ_djg\g}XZ|jcZXdcig^Wji^dcÒcVcX^gZ
VeegX^VWaZYj<djkZgcZbZciYj8VcVYV9dcYZ(!,*b^aa^dchYZYdaaVghXVcVY^Zch!hd^iZck^gdc(%YjXdiidiVa#AZegdXYYZ
igV^iZbZci b^h Zc eaVXZ XdbW^cV^i YZh iZX]c^fjZh YZ aV\jcV\Z cVijgZa Zi YZ aV\jcV\Z Vg VhhdX^Zh | jc hnhibZ YÉV[ÒcV\Z YZ
aÉejgVi^dceVgghZgkd^ghegd[dcYh/*WVhh^chYZigV^iZbZciVcVgdW^ZYZ(*%%b(X]VXjc0)WVhh^chVghYZ*%%%b(X]VXjc0)WVhh^ch
YZigV^iZbZci[VXjaiVi^[hZXdcYV^gZYÉjckdajbZbdnZcYZ&,%%%b(X]VXjcZi)ghZgkd^ghegd[dcYhedjgaZigV^iZbZciiZgi^V^gZZiaZ
hidX`V\ZYÉjckdajbZbdnZcYZ,*%%%b(X]VXjc#AVhiVi^dcViXdcjZedjgjcYW^iYZ*+%%b($_!eZgbZiiVciYZhVi^h[V^gZaZh
WZhd^cYZaVk^aaZYZ7Zcha^bVcZVj"YZa|YZ'%&%#AVgji^a^hVi^dcYZhZVjmejgZhhZgicdiVbbZci|aÉVggdhV\ZYZheVgXdjghYj\da[#AV
gVa^hVi^dcYZXZiiZhiVi^dcYÉejgVi^dceVgaÉDC:EhÉ^chXg^iYVchaZXVYgZYZhVXi^dchbZcZheVgaÉD[ÒXZedjgaVegdiZXi^dcYZhgZhhdjgXZh
ZcZVjZiYZaÉVhh^hiVcXZiZX]c^fjZ|aVXdbbjcZYZ7Zcha^bVcZP&.R#AV\Zhi^dcYÉjcZiZaaZhiVi^dcYÉejgVi^dcZhiVXijZaaZbZciZmead^iZ
eVgaZ\Zhi^dccV^gZYj<da[GdnVaYZ7Zcha^bVcZP&.R#
www.unesco.ma
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
,
IgV^iZbZciYZh:VjmJhZheVgAV\jcV\Z
G:B:G8>:B:CIH
AZ7jgZVjBjai^eVnhYZaÉJC:H8D|GVWVii^Zci|gZbZgX^Zgk^kZbZciYÉjcZeVgiBdch^Zjg@]ViiVW^YZaÉwXdaZCVi^dcVaZ;dgZhi^gZ
Y>c\c^ZjghedjghdcV^YZad\^hi^fjZ|aÉaVWdgVi^dcYZXZiiZÒX]ZiZX]c^fjZhjgaZigV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZheVgaV\jcV\Z!Zi
YÉVjigZeVgiaÉD[ÒXZCVi^dcVaYZaÉ:VjEdiVWaZDC:EYjBVgdXedjghVeVgi^X^eVi^dcVXi^kZ|aVgVa^hVi^dcYZXZiiZÒX]Z!Zc
eVgi^Xja^ZgBZhh^ZjghHZ\iZcZiBV]^!YZaV9^gZXi^dc6hhV^c^hhZbZciZi:ck^gdccZbZci!ZiBdch^ZjgDjVaY:a=V_!YZaV9^k^h^dc
EVig^bd^cZYÉ6hhV^c^hhZbZci!V^ch^fjZBVYVbZAV\gVc^!YZaV9^gZXi^dcG\^dcVaZYZaDg^ZciVa!ZiBVYVbZ:a=VboVdj^!YZaV
9^k^h^dciZX]c^fjZYVhhV^c^hhZbZci!fj^cdjhdci\gVX^ZjhZbZciigVchb^haZhe]did\gVe]^Zh^aajhigVciXZiiZÒX]ZiZX]c^fjZ#
Gw;wG:C8:H
P&R
8]V^W6#!'%%)#7^dejgVi^dceVgaV\jcV\ZcVijgZa#7jaaZi^cYZh:cZg\^ZhGZcdjkZaVWaZh!C*#
P'R
7aV^h?#";#!'%%+#6hhV^c^hhZbZciYZhZVjmjhZh#>chi^ijiCVi^dcVaYZaVGZX]ZgX]ZHX^Zci^ÒfjZ:Vj!IZggZ
Zi:ck^gdccZbZci!8djgh:Vj)*)#
P(R
6G96B!'%%,#AÉejgVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZh/aZaV\jcV\ZcVijgZa"8VhYZaVhiVi^dcYZBoZ"Adje^Vc$:Xdh^iZYjEVnhYZ
I]Vj#eV\ZheZghd"dgVc\Z#[g$VgYVb$^bV\Zh$eY[$9AV\jcV\Z'%VY#eY[#
P)R
HZ^YaB#ZiBdjX]Za?#B#!'%%(#KVadg^hVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZheVgaV\jcV\ZYVchaZheVnhZckd^ZYZYkZadeeZbZci#
8ZcigZYÉZchZ^\cZbZciZiYZgZX]ZgX]Z:VjK^aaZ:ck^gdccZbZci!XZcigZXdc_d^ciYZaÉ:C<G:;!YZaÉ:CE8ZiYZaÉJEKB#
P*R
:Vj:c8djaZjgh!'%%+#>cigdYjXi^dcVjaV\jcV\ZcVijgZa#
lll#ZVjZcXdjaZjgh#dg\$>B<$eY[$>cigdYjXi^dcTVjTaV\jcV\ZTcVijgZa#eY[#
P+R
8CG8!'%%)#Dei^b^hVi^dcYjaV\jcV\Z"JcZg\aZYZaÉVgiYj\j^YZcVi^dcVaedjgYZh^c[gVhigjXijgZhbjc^X^eVaZh
YjgVWaZh#>H7C&Ä-.,%.)Ä+,Ä&#
P,R
J#H#:E6!&.,,#DeZgVi^dchBVcjVaHiVW^a^oVi^dcEdcY#:E6")(%$.",,"%&'#
P-R
GVXVjaiN#!&..,#AZaV\jcV\ZcVijgZa/aZhaZdchi^gZhYZ&*VchYZegVi^fjZZc;gVcXZ#>H7C'"-*(+'")*("+#
P.R
GVXVjaiN#Zi7dji^c8#!'%%)#AZaV\jcV\ZcVijgZaZc;gVcXZÄ:iViYZaÉVgiZiiZcYVcXZh#>c\c^Zg^ZCheX^Va!,,"-+#
P&%R
CYVW^\Zc\ZhZgZ6#!&..,#IgV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZh^cYjhig^ZaaZh#Jc^kZgh^iYZH]ZgWgdd`Z!8djgh<8=*)*#
P&&R
:C<::H!'%%'#IgV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZhjgWV^cZhÄ8]Ve^igZ&'/AZaV\jcV\Z#'(,"'*)#
P&'R
<adWZcZi!'%%%#AZaV\jcV\ZXdad\^fjZ#lll#\adWZcZi#dg\$egZXZje$[g$YdXh[g$b^X]Za\jn#gi[#
P&(R
;C96:!'%%*#9nh[dcXi^dccZbZcihW^dad\^fjZhYZhhiVi^dchYÉejgVi^dc/dg^\^cZhZihdaji^dch#
P&)R
;C96:!&.-*#AÉZmead^iVi^dcYZhaV\jcV\ZhcVijgZahÄ<j^YZiZX]c^fjZ|aÉjhV\ZYZheZi^iZhXdaaZXi^k^ih#
P&*R
;C96:!&..%#AZ\c^ZX^k^aYZhWVhh^chYZaV\jcV\ZcVijgZa#
P&+R
;C96:!&..-#;^a^gZhYejgVi^dcVYVeiZhVjmeZi^iZhXdaaZXi^k^ih#
P&,R
DC:E!'%%,#AZYgd^i|aÉZVjedjgidjh"CdigZYZk^hZ#
P&-R
DjVaY:a=V_D#!'%%-#9^k^h^dcEVig^bd^cZYÉ6hhV^c^hhZbZciYZaÉDC:E#8dbbjc^XVi^dcheZghdccZaaZh#
P&.R
HZ\iZc6#ZiBV]^B#!'%%-#9^gZXi^dc6hhV^c^hhZbZciZi:ck^gdccZbZciYZaÉDC:E#8dbbjc^XVi^dcheZghdccZaaZh#
P'%R
DC:E!&..,#HiVi^dcYÉejgVi^dcYZhZVjmjhZhYZaVk^aaZYZ7Zcha^bVcZ#
67GwK>6I>DCH
6G96B 6hhdX^Vi^dcYZGZX]ZgX]ZZiYZ9kZadeeZbZciYZh6Xi^k^ihZiBi^ZghYZaÉZck^gdccZbZci
8CG8
8dchZ^aCVi^dcVaYZGZX]ZgX]ZhYj8VcVYV
97D
9ZbVcYZ7^dX]^b^fjZZcDmn\cZ
97D*
9ZbVcYZ7^dX]^b^fjZZcDmn\cZhjg*_djgh
:C<::H :XdaZCVi^dcVaZYj<c^ZYZa:VjZiYZa:ck^gdccZbZciYZHigVhWdjg\
;C96: ;dcYhCVi^dcVaedjgaZ9kZadeeZbZciYZh6YYjXi^dcYÉ:VjGjgVaZh
;H>
;^aigZ|hVWaZ|Va^bZciVi^dc^ciZgb^iiZciZ
B:H
BVi^gZhZchjheZch^dc
DC:E
D[ÒXZCVi^dcVaYZaÉ:VjEdiVWaZ
J#H#:E6 JH:ck^gdcbZciVaEgdiZXi^dc6\ZcXn
AÉaVWdgVi^dcYZaVÒX]ZiZX]c^fjZJC:H8DhjgaZigV^iZbZciYZhZVjmjhZheVgaV\jcV\ZVigVa^hZZibZcZ|W^ZceVgaV
hdX^i<:7":ck^gdccZbZci!WjgZVjYÉijYZh!YZXdchZ^ahZiYÉZmeZgi^hZhZc\c^ZZck^gdccZbZciVa#
lll#<:7":ck^gdccZbZci#Xdb
-
;>8=:I:8=C>FJ:q6DæI'%%-
www.unesco.ma