SUFFIXATION PAR –ET(TE)
Transcription
SUFFIXATION PAR –ET(TE)
SUFFIXATION PAR –ET(TE) ET BASES VERBALES '$/*HRUJHWWH SILEX805&1568QLYHUVLWpGH/LOOH GDO#XQLYOLOOHIU 1. Introduction : problématique et alternative /HVRSpUDWHXUVUHOHYDQWGHODPRUSKRORJLHGLWH³pYDOXDWLYH´VRQWUpSXWpVFRQVWUXLUH GHVGpULYpVDSSDUWHQDQWjODFDWpJRULHOH[LFDOHGHOHXUEDVHFHTXHOOHTXHVRLWODODQJXH FRQVLGpUpHF¶HVWPrPHOjO¶XQGHVFULWqUHVGHUHFRQQDLVVDQFHPLVHQDYDQWSDU'UHVVOHU 0HUOLQL%DUEDUHVLTXLPHWWHQWHQSODFHXQHEDWWHULHGHSURSULpWpVGpILQL WRLUHVVHORQHX[GHFHW\SHGHPRUSKRORJLH 2QV¶DWWHQGGXUHVWHjFHTX¶LOVSUpVHQWHQWFHWWHSURSULpWpGDQVODPHVXUHRFRPPH OHVRXOLJQH%DXHU $QRXQZKLFKLVQRWHGDVEHLQJRIDSDUWLFXODUVL]HLVVWLOODQRXQDQRXQZKLFKLVVWDWHGWREHOLNHGRU GLVOLNHGLVVWLOODQRXQDQDGMHFWLYHZKLFKGRHVQRWDSSO\ZKLWKLWVIXOOIRUFHVWLOOUHPDLQVDQDGMHFWLYH DQGVRRQ 'H IDLW WRXWHV ODQJXHV FRQIRQGXHV FHWWH SURSULpWp DWWHQGXH VH YpULILH VRXYHQW SDU H[HPSOH HQ IUDQoDLV FRPPH VD EDVH maison maisonnette HVW XQ QRP HQ DOOHPDQG FRPPHVDEDVHlang ³ORQJ´ länglich³XQSHXORQJREORQJ´HVWXQ DGMHFWLIHQLWD OLHQFRPPHVDEDVHtoss(ire)³WRXVVHU´tossichi(are) ³WRXVVRWHU´HVWXQYHUEH 0DLV VH YpULILHWHOOH WRXMRXUV" /H IUDQoDLV GRQQH HQ HIIHW j REVHUYHU DX PRLQV XQ FDVGHGpULYpVQHSRVVpGDQWDSSDUHPPHQWSDVFHWWHSURSULpWpFHOXLGHVQRPVFRPSRU WDQW FRQMRLQWHPHQW XQ YHUEH HQ SRVLWLRQ GH EDVH HW XQ VXIIL[H pYDOXDWLI HQ ILQDOH &HV H[FHSWLRQVUpHOOHVRXDSSDUHQWHVSHXYHQWPHWWUHHQVFqQHGHVRSpUDWHXUV±VXSSRVpV± pYDOXDWLIV GLIIpUHQWV SDU H[HPSOH OH VXIIL[H in UHSpUDEOH GDQV galopin DSSDUHPPHQW FRQVWUXLW VXU galop(er) OH VXIIL[H ot UHSpUDEOH GDQV binot DSSDUHPPHQW FRQVWUXLW VXU bin(er) PDLV HOOHV UHFUXWHQW SUpIpUHQWLHOOHPHQW SDUPL OHV QRPV PHWWDQW HQ MHX OD VXI IL[DWLRQSDUet(te) SDUH[HPSOHamusette binettecausettejouet siffletRXsonnette DSSDUHPPHQWSURGXLWVSDUO¶DSSOLFDWLRQGXVXIIL[Het(te)DX[YHUEHVamus(er)bin(er) caus(er)jou(er)siffl(er) RXsonn(er)&¶HVWGHFHVHXOW\SHFRQVWUXFWLRQQHOGHGpULYpV TX¶LOV¶DJLUDGpVRUPDLV -HUHPHUFLHYLYHPHQW%HUQDUG)UDGLQSRXUVHVFRQVHLOVWKpRULTXHVpFODLUpVDLQVLTXH)LDPPHWWD1DPHU SRXUOHVUHOHFWXUHVHWFRPPHQWDLUHVTX¶HOOHDIDLWVGHSUpFpGHQWHVYHUVLRQVGHFHWUDYDLO 0RQSURSRVQHVHUDSDVLFLGHGpWHUPLQHUVLOHVGpULYpVHQet(te)GXIUDQoDLVUHVVRUWLVVHQWRXQRQjOD PRUSKRORJLH GLWH ³pYDOXDWLYH´ PrPH VL pYLGHPPHQW OD UpSRQVH j FHWWH TXHVWLRQ HVW FUXFLDOH &HUWHV et(te)HVWFDUDFWpULVpGHIDoRQUpFXUUHQWHFRPPH IRUPDQWGHVpYDOXDWLIV0DLVVLFRPPHOHPRQWUHLFL PrPH%)UDGLQDXTXHOMHUHQYRLHSRXUSOXVGHGpWDLOVOHVGpULYpVTXHFRQVWUXLWFHVXIIL[HQHVDWLVIRQWSDV ODFRQMRQFWLRQGHFULWqUHVSRVpHFRPPHLGHQWLILFDWRLUHGHFHW\SHGHPRUSKRORJLHDORUVODSUpVHQWHFRP PXQLFDWLRQ SHUG HQ SDUWLH VD UDLVRQ G¶rWUH HQ SDUWLH VHXOHPHQW FDU PrPH VL OHV GpULYpV TX¶LO IRUPH Q¶DSSDUWLHQQHQW SDV WRXV DX QR\DX GXU GH OD FDWpJRULH GHV PRWV pYDOXDWLIV LOV QH VRQW SDV SRXU DXWDQW FODLUHPHQWHQGHKRUVGHFHWWHFDWpJRULH-HFRQVLGpUHUDLGRQFTXHOHVXIIL[Het(te) DGURLWGHFLWpSDUPLOHV RSpUDWHXUVpYDOXDWLIVHWTXHELHQTX¶LOQHSUpVHQWHSDVO¶HQVHPEOHGHVSURSULpWpVW\SLTXHVGHFHWWHFODVVH G¶RSpUDWHXUVLOHQSUpVHQWHVXIILVDPPHQWSRXUQHSDVHQrWUHpYLQFp '¶XQF{WpODWKpRULHQRXVGLWGRQFTX¶XQVXIIL[HpYDOXDWLIFRQVWUXLWGHVGpULYpVDS SDUWHQDQWjODFDWpJRULHOH[LFDOHGHOHXUEDVHGHO¶DXWUHFHUWDLQHVGRQQpHVREVHUYDEOHV GXIUDQoDLVWRXWSDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWGHVGRQQpHVHQ±et(te)GpPHQWHQWDSSDUHPPHQWFHWWH DIILUPDWLRQ 3RXU UpVRXGUH FH FRQIOLW FRPPH GX UHVWH j FKDTXH IRLV TX¶HQWUHQW HQ FRQIOLW XQH WKpRULHHWOHVSURSULpWpVGHO¶REMHWTXHO¶RQYHXWGpFULUHGHX[VROXWLRQVV¶RIIUHQWjQRXV ± VRLWRQUHYRLWOHVSURSULpWpVGHO¶REMHWjGpFULUH ± VRLWRQUHYRLWODWKpRULH 'DQV 'DO D VXLYDQW HQ FHOD &RUELQ MH SULV OD SUHPLqUH RSWLRQ VDQV HQWUHULFLGDQVOHGpWDLOMHIDLVDLVDORUVO¶K\SRWKqVHG¶XQHGLVWRUVLRQHQWUHODIRUPHRE VHUYDEOHGHVQRPVFRPPHamusettebinettecausetteHWOHXUIRUPHSUpGLFWLEOHjSDUWLU GHOHXUVHQVFRQVWUXLW3XLVTXHFRQIRUPpPHQWjODWKpRULHM¶LPSRVDLVXQHLGHQWLWpFDWp JRULHOOH HQWUH XQ GpULYp HQ et(te) HW VD EDVH SRXU H[SOLTXHU OHV QRPV UpVXOWDQW DSSD UHPPHQWGHet(te)jGHVYHUEHVMHSRVDLVGDQVODSOXSDUWGHVFDVXQHpWDSHLQWHUFDODLUH QRPLQDOH HQWUH OH YHUEH HQ SRVLWLRQ GH EDVH HW OH QRP HQ et(te) MH UHFRXUDLV OH FDV pFKpDQWjXQDUVHQDOIRUPHOGHWURQFDWLRQSRXUH[SOLTXHUO¶DEVHQFHG¶LVRPRUSKLVPHHQ WUHODIRUPHREVHUYDEOHGXGpULYpHWVDIRUPHSUpGLFWLEOH3DUH[HPSOHSRXUH[SOLTXHU binette HW OD SOXSDUW GHV LQVWUXPHQWDX[ HQ et(e) FRPSRUWDQW XQ YHUEH HQ SRVLWLRQ GH EDVH MHSRVDLVXQHpWDSHQRPLQDOHHQoir(e) HQWUHOHYHUEHHQSRVLWLRQGHEDVHHWOHVXI IL[Het(te)6HORQFHWWHK\SRWKqVHHWSRXUP¶HQWHQLUDXVHXObinetteMHFRQVLGpUDLVTXH ODVWUXFWXUHGHFHGpULYpQ¶pWDLWSDV>>ELQ@ HWWH@ FRPPHVDIRUPHREVHUYDEOHSRX YDLWOHIDLUHSHQVHUPDLV>>>ELQ@ RLUH@ HWWH @ OHVXIIL[Het(te) D\DQWWURQTXp OHVXIIL[Hoir(e)GHODEDVH 'DQV OD SUpVHQWH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ F¶HVW OD VHFRQGH YRLH TXH MH PH SURSRVH G¶H[SORUHUSOXW{WTXHGHQLHUO¶DSWLWXGHGXVXIIL[Het(te)jRSpUHUVXUGHVYHUEHVSRXU IRUPHUGHVQRPVM¶HQYLVDJHUDLGpVRUPDLVTXHFHVXIIL[HDXWRULVHXQWHOUDSSRUWFDWpJR ULHO WRXWHQUHYLVLWDQWODWKpRULHMHFKHUFKHUDLWRXWHIRLVjPRQWUHUTXHFHWWHSRVLWLRQQH UHPHWSDVQpFHVVDLUHPHQWHQFDXVHO¶DSSDUWHQDQFHGHet(te)DXSDUDGLJPHGHVVXIIL[HV pYDOXDWLIV 9 9 1 1 DI 1 2. Pourquoi revoir la théorie ? 3RXUTXRLFHFKRL["3RXUTXRLDSUqVDYRLUIDLWO¶K\SRWKqVHDW\SLTXHjGpIDXWG¶rWUH VLQJXOLqUHGHO¶LQDSWLWXGHGXVXIIL[Het(te) jV¶DSSOLTXHUjGHVYHUEHVSRXUIRUPHUGHV QRPVUHYHQLUVXUFHWWHK\SRWKqVHSRXUFRQVLGpUHUDSUqVWDQWG¶DXWUHV TXHet(te)DXWR ULVHFHUDSSRUWFDWpJRULHO" /¶K\SRWKqVHSUpFpGHQWHQHPHWWDLWSRXUWDQWSDVHQGpIDXWO¶LGpHG¶XQHLGHQWLWpFDWp JRULHOOH HQWUH XQ GpULYp HQ et(e) HW VD EDVH DX FRQWUDLUH PrPH VD UDLVRQ G¶rWUH pWDLW SUpFLVpPHQWODGpIHQVHGHFHWWHK\SRWKqVH&¶HVWGXUHVWHOjXQHSUHPLqUHFULWLTXHTX¶RQ SHXW OXL DGUHVVHU GDQV OD PHVXUH R XQH DQDO\VH GRQW O¶H[LVWHQFH HVW HQWLqUHPHQW LQ GH[pHjO¶K\SRWKqVHTX¶HOOHGpIHQGSHUGHQFUpGLELOLWp 3RXUXQSUHPLHUpWDWGHFHWWHSLVWHGHUHFKHUFKHFI'DOVRXVSUHVVH &IHQWUHDXWUHVOLQJXLVWHV+DVVHOURW:HEHU0LOQHU=ZDQHQEXUJ'HOKD\ DLQVLTX¶HQWUHDXWUHVGHVFULSWLRQVGLFWLRQQDLULTXHVGXVXIIL[Het(te)FHOOHVSURSRVpHVGDQVOHPetit Roberts.v. -et, -ette ,OHRobert électronique, GpVRUPDLVREs.v. et, -ette,OHTrésor de la langue française s.v.et, -etteHWOHRobert Méthodique s.v1.etette (OOHpWDLWHQRXWUHIRUPHOOHPHQWad hocGDQVODPHVXUHRODSOXSDUWGXWHPSVHOOH FRQVWDWDLWPDLVQ¶H[SOLTXDLW SDV OD GLVSDULWLRQ TXDVLV\VWpPDWLTXH G¶XQ VXIIL[H LQWHUFD ODLUHHQWUHOHYHUEHHQSRVLWLRQGHEDVHHWOHVXIIL[Het(te)&¶pWDLWSDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWYUDL TXDQGOHWURQFDWpWDLWOHVXIIL[Hoir(e)GRQWO¶DPXwVVHPHQWGHYDQWet(te) Q¶HVWVHPEOH WLO SDVVLEOH G¶DXFXQH H[SOLFDWLRQ PRUSKRSKRQRORJLTXH VDWLVIDLVDQWH 2U GDQV XQH SHUVSHFWLYHDVVRFLDWLYHFRPPHFHOOHTXLHVWDGRSWpHLFLGHX[XQLWpVOH[LFDOHVTXHOHXU VHQVLQYLWHjDSSDULHUQHVRQWGpULYDWLRQQHOOHPHQWDSSDULDEOHVTXHSRXUDXWDQWTX¶DXFXQ REVWDFOHIRUPHOQHV¶\RSSRVHRXOHFDVpFKpDQWTX¶XQSULQFLSHPRUSKRSKRQRORJLTXH UpJXOLHUSHUPHWWHO¶DSSDULHPHQW (QRXWUHVDQVTXHFHODVRLWUpGKLELWRLUHFHWWHK\SRWKqVHDYDLWODUJHPHQWUHFRXUVjOD UHFRQVWUXFWLRQSRXUOHVEHVRLQVGHODGpPRQVWUDWLRQGHEDVHVSRVVLEOHVPDLVQRQDWWHV WpHVHQG¶DXWUHVWHUPHVOjRVLO¶RQVXLW%)UDGLQLFLPrPHOHVGLPLQXWLIVVRQWWHQ GDQFLHOOHPHQW FRQVWUXLWV VXU GHV PRWV DWWHVWpV FHUWDLQV QRPV HQ et(te) DSSDUHPPHQW GpYHUEDX[pWDLHQWDQDO\VpVFRPPHFRQVWUXLWVVXUGHVEDVHVHOOHVPrPHVUHFRQVWUXLWHV SDUH[HPSOHjouetpWDLWGpULYpGHjouoirsouffletGHsouffloirsonnetteGHsonnoir HW OHtourniquette GH%RULV9LDQG¶XQLQVWUXPHQWDOtourniquoir(e)UHFRQVWUXLW 0rPHVLHOOHVQHVXIILVHQWSDVjLQYDOLGHUGpILQLWLYHPHQWO¶K\SRWKqVHSUpFpGHQWHFHV TXHOTXHVUDLVRQVOpJLWLPHQWHQUHYDQFKHO¶H[SORUDWLRQGHO¶K\SRWKqVHFRQFXUUHQWH 3. Révision de la théorie /H GpYHORSSHPHQW TXL VXLW VH IHUD HQ GHX[ WHPSV GDQV XQ SUHPLHU WHPSV MH GLUDL TXHOTXHVPRWVGHODQRWLRQGH³UHSUpVHQWDWLRQOH[LFDOH´XWLOHjPRQSURSRV'DQVXQ VHFRQGWHPSVMHSRVHUDLHWHVVD\HUDLGHGpPRQWUHUPHVQRXYHOOHVK\SRWKqVHVGHWUDLWH PHQW La notion de “ représentation lexicale ” /HVWUDYDX[DX[TXHOVHVWHPSUXQWpHODQRWLRQGH³UHSUpVHQWDWLRQOH[LFDOH´GHVXQLWpV OH[LFDOHVV¶LQVFULYHQWGDQVODOLJQpHGHV JUDPPDLUHVG¶XQLILFDWLRQ RO¶RQDFRXWXPH GH UHSUpVHQWHU OHV XQLWpV OH[LFDOHV SDU GHV VWUXFWXUHV GH WUDLWV HQ DWWULEXWVYDOHXUV XQH YDOHXU SRXYDQW rWUH FRQVWLWXpH G¶XQH VWUXFWXUH GH WUDLWV UpSDUWLHV HQWUH GLIIpUHQWHV UX EULTXHV 'DQVFHVWUDYDX[ODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQOH[LFDOHGHVXQLWpVOH[LFDOHVHVWDXPRLQVWULSDU WLWH HOOH FRPSRUWH L XQH UHSUpVHQWDWLRQ PRUSKRORJLTXH pYHQWXHOOHPHQW VFLQGpH HQ UHSUpVHQWDWLRQJUDSKpPDWLTXHHWUHSUpVHQWDWLRQSKRQRORJLTXH LLXQH UHSUpVHQWDWLRQ V\QWD[LTXHLQFOXDQWOHVWUDLWVGHVRXVFDWpJRULVDWLRQLLLXQHUHSUpVHQWDWLRQVpPDQWLTXH VWUXFWXUH qualia GDQV OD WKpRULH GH - 3XVWHMRYVN\ &HWWH GHUQLqUH FRPSRVDQWH VH VFLQGHHOOHPrPHHQSOXVLHXUVVRXVUXEULTXHVpYHQWXHOOHPHQWQRQUHQVHLJQpHV /H FKRL[ IDLW LFL SRXU XQH UHSUpVHQWDWLRQ GHV XQLWpV OH[LFDOHV VHORQ GHV WKpRULHV V¶LQVFULYDQWGDQVOHV JUDPPDLUHV G¶XQLILFDWLRQ FRQVWLWXH G¶DERUG XQH FRPPRGLWp QRWD WLRQQHOOH,OFRUUHVSRQGFHSHQGDQWpJDOHPHQWjXQHRSWLRQWKpRULTXHUpHOOHGDQVODPH 3RXUXQHV\QWKqVHVXUOHVJUDPPDLUHVGLWHVG¶XQLILFDWLRQFI$EHLOOp 3DUH[HPSOHSDU%)UDGLQFIQRWDPPHQW)UDGLQ 6HORQOHVFRXUDQWVWKpRULTXHVRQSHXWWURXYHUXQHTXDWULqPHUXEULTXHSDUH[HPSOHXQHUHSUpVHQWDWLRQ GLVFXUVLYHHQ+36*XQHVWUXFWXUHG¶KpULWDJHFKH]3XVWHMRYVN\ VXUH R SRXU FH TXL HVW GHV YHUEHV GH WHOOHV UHSUpVHQWDWLRQV GpSDVVHQW OD GLFKRWRPLH WHVQLqULHQQHDFWDQWFLUFRQVWDQW WURSFDULFDWXUDOHjPRQVHQVHWLQRSpUDQWHGDQVOHFDV GXVXIIL[Het(te)RQYDOHYRLUGDQVODVHFWLRQVXLYDQWH Hypothèses -HIHUDLHQSUHPLHUOLHXO¶K\SRWKqVHTXHOHVXIIL[Het(te) DDFFqVjWRXVOHVQLYHDX[GH ODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQOH[LFDOHGHVEDVHVVXUOHVTXHOOHVLORSqUHQHUHWHQDQWGHOHXUVWUDLWVTXH FHX[FRPSDWLEOHVDYHFO¶LQVWUXFWLRQVpPDQWLTXHTXLOHFDUDFWpULVH -H FRUUpOHUDLHQVXLWHFHWWHK\SRWKqVHjO¶LGpHTXHTXDQG LO V¶DSSOLTXH j GHV YHUEHV et(te)IRUPHSUpIpUHQWLHOOHPHQWGHVQRPV Mise en œuvre des hypothèses 4XDQGLORSqUHVXUXQYHUEHOHVXIIL[Het(te)Dapriori OHFKRL[HQWUHGHX[SRVVLEL OLWpVSRXUH[HUFHUVRQLQVWUXFWLRQVpPDQWLTXH ± 6RLWLOpYDOXHOHSURFqVTX¶H[SULPHOHYHUEHLQGpSHQGDPPHQWGHVU{OHVTXHFHGHU QLHUSHXWGLVWULEXHUDXWRXUGHOXLVLO¶RQVHIRQGHVXUODSDUWLWLRQGHVUXEULTXHVSRVpHSDU 3XVWHMRYVN\ SRXU OHV YHUEHV OH VXIIL[H DFFqGH GDQV FH FDV GLUHFWHPHQW j OD VWUXFWXUH event GXYHUEH ± 6RLWLOpYDOXHOHVGLYHUVSURWDJRQLVWHVPLVHQMHXSDUOHSURFqVGDQVFHFDVLODFFqGH jODVWUXFWXUHDUJXPHQWDOHGXYHUEHHWDXW\SDJHGHVHVDUJXPHQWV &HVRQWFHVGHX[FDVGHILJXUHTXHMHPHSURSRVHGHFRQVLGpUHUVXFFHVVLYHPHQW (YDOXDWLRQGHSURFqV 6L et(te) pYDOXH OH SURFqV GpVRUPDLV 3 H[SULPp SDU OH YHUEH GH EDVH HQ UHVWDQW DYHXJOHDX[SURWDJRQLVWHVPLVHQVFqQHSDU3 RQV¶DWWHQGjFHTX¶LOFRQVWUXLVHXQGpUL YpH[SULPDQWOXLDXVVLXQSURFqV3 SRXUOHGLUHWUqVVLPSOHPHQW3 3 pYDOXD WLRQ 3DUDLOOHXUVRQOHVDLWHQIUDQoDLVO¶H[SUHVVLRQG¶XQSURFqVHVWW\SLTXHPHQWGpYROXH DX[YHUEHVPDLVHOOHSHXWDXVVLrWUHFRQILpHjXQHDXWUHFDWpJRULHGHPRWVOHVQRPVGLWV MXVWHPHQWSURFHVVLIVTXLVRQWGXUHVWHSRXUODSOXSDUWGpULYpVGHYHUEHV 6Let(te)IRUPHXQGpULYpH[SULPDQWXQSURFqV3 PDUTXDQWXQHpYDOXDWLRQSDUUDS SRUW j 3 LOSHXW GRQF HQ WRXWH ORJLTXH IRUPHU GHX[ W\SHV FDWpJRULHOV GH GpULYpV GHV YHUEHVRXGHVQRPVSURFHVVLIV &IODFLWDWLRQHPSUXQWpHj3XVWHMRYVN\TXLYDGDQVOHPrPHVHQV³7KHDERYHFODVVLILFD WLRQLVDILUVWDWWHPSWDWUHILQLQJWKHGLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQDUJXPHQWDQGDGMXQFWSKUDVHV´ &HWWHSUHPLqUHK\SRWKqVHUHMRLQWFHOOHTXHIDLW%)UDGLQLFLPrPH 2QHQWHQGUDLFLSDU³DUJXPHQW´DXVVLELHQGHVDUJXPHQWVV\QWD[LTXHPHQWLQVWDQFLpVtrue arguments TXHGHVDUJXPHQWVSDUGpIDXWdefault argumentsHWGHVDUJXPHQWVIDQW{PHVshadow arguments)DXWH GHSODFHMHUHQYRLHj3XVWHMRYVN\SRXUXQHH[SOLFDWLRQ (QIUDQoDLVRQGLVSRVHDLQVLG¶XQHYDULpWpG¶RSpUDWHXUVFRQVWUXFWLRQQHOVIRUPDQWGHVQRPVGHSURFqV FKDFXQG¶HQWUHHX[IRUPDWDQWjVDIDoRQOHVQRPVTX¶LOFRQVWUXLWSDUH[HPSOHODFRQYHUVLRQFIQRWDP PHQW.HUOHURX[FRQVWUXLWFHTXHM¶DSSHOOHUDLGH³SXUV´SURFqVOHVXIIL[H±ure GHVQRPVGHSUR FqVHQWDQWTXHVXVFHSWLEOHVGHGRQQHUOLHXjXQHPDQLIHVWDWLRQFRQFUqWHFI/HFRPWH &HSUHPLHUFDVGHILJXUHLPDJLQpa prioriVHUpDOLVHHIIHFWLYHPHQWGDQVGHVSURSRU WLRQVYDULDEOHV/HOH[LTXHDWWHVWpGRQQHHQHIIHWjREVHUYHUFRPPHH[SULPDQWXQSURFqV ³pYDOXp´GHVYHUEHVHQ±et(er)volet(er)HWGHVQRPVSURFHVVLIVcausettecourbette HWF /HGpULYpHVWXQYHUEHvolet(er) /HVYHUEHVDVVXUpPHQWSURGXLWVSDUO¶DSSOLFDWLRQGHet(te)jGHVYHUEHVQHVRQWJXqUH TX¶XQHSRLJQpHHWOHIDLWTXHO¶H[HPSOHOHSOXVVRXYHQWDYDQFpSRXULOOXVWUHUFHWWHSRV VLELOLWp VRLW volet(er)QHGRLW ULHQ DX KDVDUG LO HVW SUHVTXH OH VHXO UHSUpVHQWDQW GH VRQ W\SH /DUDUHWpGHFHSURFpGpHVWFHUWDLQHPHQWjLPSXWHUjODVSpFLILFLWpVpPDQWLTXHGXVXI IL[H et(te) -¶DL DLOOHXUV VXSSRVp TX¶DX VHLQ GH OD FDWpJRULH GHV RSpUDWHXUV pYDOXDWLIV et(te) D FHFLGHSDUWLFXOLHUTX¶LOHVWXQPDUTXHXUG¶DSSURSULDWLRQFI'DO DFH PDUTXDJHSRXYDQWVHUpDOLVHUGLIIpUHPPHQWVHORQO¶DSSDUWHQDQFHFDWpJRULHOOHHWOHVHQV GHVEDVHVVXUOHVTXHOOHVLORSqUH2UV¶LOHVWGpMjDVVH]GLIILFLOHGHVHUHSUpVHQWHUFHTX¶LO FRQYLHQWG¶HQWHQGUHSDU³PRUSKRORJLHpYDOXDWLYH´GDQVOHGRPDLQHGXYHUEH LOHVW HQFRUHSOXVGLIILFLOHSHXWrWUHGHFRQFHYRLUFHTXHSHXWH[SULPHUXQYHUEHUpIpUDQWjXQ SURFqVDSSURSULp /HGpULYpHVWXQQRPcausette, courbetteHWF $ORUV TX¶RQ O¶D GLW FH VRQW HQ IUDQoDLV OHV YHUEHV TXL H[SULPHQW RSWLPDOHPHQW XQ SURFqVTXDQGet(te)pYDOXHOHSURFqVH[SULPpSDUOHYHUEHGHEDVH HQUHVWDQWDYHXJOH DX[SURWDJRQLVWHVPLVHQVFqQHSDUFHSURFqVLOFRQVWUXLWSOXW{WXQQRPSURFHVVLISDU H[HPSOHcausette courbette trempette 7RXWHQpWDQWUHODWLYHPHQWIUpTXHQWSDUUDSSRUWDXFDVGHILJXUHH[DPLQpLFLpYDOXD WLRQGHSURFqVFHWWHFRQILJXUDWLRQGHPHXUHUHODWLYHPHQWUDUHSDUUDSSRUWDXQRPEUHGH QRPVGpYHUEDX[HQ±et(te)SXLVTX¶RQQHUHOqYHJXqUHSOXVG¶XQHTXLQ]DLQHGHQRPVGH FHW\SH 2QSHXWHQPrPHWHPSVH[SOLTXHUHWODUHODWLYHUDUHWpGHFHFDVGHILJXUHSDUUDSSRUW DXQRPEUHGHVQRPVGpYHUEDX[HQ±et(te)HWVDUHODWLYHIUpTXHQFHSDUUDSSRUWDXQRP EUHGHYHUEHVDVVXUpPHQWGpYHUEDX[ 3RXU H[SOLTXHU OD UHODWLYH UDUHWp GX SKpQRPqQH M¶LQYRTXHUDL OD PrPH UDLVRQ TXH FHOOH LQYRTXpH GDQV OD VHFWLRQ SUpFpGHQWH GX F{Wp GH OD EDVH TXH VLJQLILH ³V¶DSSURSULHU´XQSURFqV" 3RXUH[SOLTXHUVDUHODWLYHIUpTXHQFHMHUHFRXUUDLDXPrPHDUJXPHQWPDLVHQOHUH WRXUQDQWGXF{WpGXGpULYpLOHVWHQHIIHWSOXVIDFLOHGHFRQFHYRLUFHTXHSHXWH[SULPHU O¶DSSURSULDWLRQGH3 GDQVOHGRPDLQHGXQRPTXHGDQVFHOXLGXYHUEHSDUFHTX¶XQQRP SURFHVVLI SHXW VH WHLQWHU GH YDOHXUV FRQQH[HV pYDOXDEOHV SDU H[HPSOH GDQV touchette ³,,Argotautom3HWLWFKRFVDQVJUDYLWpLocAller à la touchette WRXFKHUOpJqUH /HVXIIL[Hot(er IRUPH YRORQWLHUVGHVYHUEHVpYDOXDWLIV fumot(er) toussot(er) 2Q SHXW GX UHVWH VH GHPDQGHUVLGDQVvolet(er)Ü -et(er) Q¶DSDVpWpSUpIpUpjot(er)SRXUGHVUDLVRQVSKRQpWLTXHVDILQG¶pYLWHU ODFRQVpFXWLRQGHGHX[>R@GHSDUWHWG¶DXWUHGHODIURQWLqUHFRQVWUXFWLRQQHOOHFILFLPrPH03OpQDW 3RXUGHVpOpPHQWVGHUpSRQVHFILFLPrPH$6RUqV 3RXU SOXV GH GpWDLOV FI 'DO D TXL GLVFXWH HW FRPSOqWH OD OLVWH pWDEOLH GDQV &RUELQ PHQWXQHDXWUHYRLWXUH´REs.v.touchetteGDYDQWDJHTXHO¶DFWLRQF¶HVWOHUpVXOWDW DVVRFLpjFHWWHDFWLRQTX¶pYDOXHOHVXIIL[H (YDOXDWLRQGHSURWDJRQLVWHV ([DPLQRQVPDLQWHQDQWOHFDVRet(te)DFFqGHjODVWUXFWXUHDUJXPHQWDOHGXYHUEHHW DXW\SDJHGHVHVDUJXPHQWV 8QYHUEHSHXWrWUHGRWpG¶DUJXPHQWVGHW\SHVVpPDQWLTXHVGLIIpUHQWV'HIDoRQWUqV VFKpPDWLTXHHWSRXUDXWDQWTXHFHODLQWpUHVVHPRQSURSRV ± XQDUJXPHQWµDJHQW¶QRWp$ ± XQDUJXPHQWµREMHW¶QRWp2 ± XQDUJXPHQWµOLHX¶QRWp/ ± XQDUJXPHQWµLQVWUXPHQW¶QRWp, 6Let(te)DFFqGHDX[DUJXPHQWVYDOXpVGH3 LOSHXWGRQFa priori IRUPHUSOXVLHXUV W\SHVVpPDQWLTXHVGHGpULYpV ± V¶LO H[HUFH VRQ U{OH GH PDUTXHXU G¶DSSURSULDWLRQ SDU UDSSRUW j $ GH 3 GpVRUPDLV $ LOFRQVWUXLWXQGpULYpjYDOHXUDJHQWLYH$ $ $ DSSURSULDWLRQ ± V¶LO H[HUFH VRQ U{OH GH PDUTXHXU G¶DSSURSULDWLRQ SDU UDSSRUW j 2 GH 3 GpVRUPDLV 2 LOFRQVWUXLWXQGpULYpjYDOHXUREMHFWLYH2 2 2 DSSURSULDWLRQ ± V¶LO H[HUFH VRQ U{OH GH PDUTXHXU G¶DSSURSULDWLRQ SDU UDSSRUW j / GH 3 GpVRUPDLV / LOFRQVWUXLWXQGpULYpjYDOHXUORFDWLYH/ / / DSSURSULDWLRQ ± V¶LOH[HUFHVRQU{OHGHPDUTXHXUG¶DSSURSULDWLRQSDUUDSSRUWj,GH3 GpVRUPDLV, LOFRQVWUXLWXQGpULYpjYDOHXULQVWUXPHQWDOH, , , DSSURSULDWLRQ 2UVHXOHODFDWpJRULHOH[LFDOHGHVQRPVHVWVXVFHSWLEOHG¶DYRLUSRXUUpIpUHQWUHVSHF WLYHPHQWGHVDJHQWVGHVREMHWVGHVOLHX[HWGHVLQVWUXPHQWV2QH[SOLTXHDORUVSRXUTXRL TXDQG LO DFFqGH DX[ DUJXPHQWV W\SpV GHV YHUEHV TX¶LO VpOHFWLRQQH et(te) IRUPH GHV QRPVHWQRQSDVGHVYHUEHV &HVGLIIpUHQWVFDVGHILJXUHWKpRULTXHVV¶REVHUYHQWGDQVOHVIDLWVHX[DXVVLGDQVGHV SURSRUWLRQVYDULDEOHVFRPPHRQYDOHYRLUUDSLGHPHQW (YDOXDWLRQG¶DJHQWcousette &HSUHPLHUFDVHVWGHORLQOHSOXVUDUHGHVTXDWUHGLVWLQJXpVSOXVKDXWSXLVTX¶LOQHVH UpDOLVHFODLUHPHQWTXHGDQVXQFDVFHOXLGHcousette³1. Fam. et vx-HXQHRXYULqUH GDQVODFRXWXUH´REs.v. cousette -¶H[SOLTXHUDL O¶H[WUrPH UDUHWp GX SKpQRPqQH GH OD IDoRQ VXLYDQWH KRUV EDVHV SUp QRPLQDOHV Huguet(te) Lisette OH VXIIL[H ±et(te) PDQLIHVWH GH IDoRQ JpQpUDOH SHX G¶DFFRLQWDQFHSRXUOHVEDVHVUpIpUDQWjGHVKXPDLQVFHUWDLQHPHQWSDUFHTX¶HQGHKRUVGH ODVSKqUHIDPLOLDOHRXDPLFDOHLOHVWGLIILFLOHGHV¶DSSURSULHUXQHSHUVRQQH&HWWHDSSUR SULDWLRQHVWG¶DXWDQWSOXVGLIILFLOHTXDQGFHWWHSHUVRQQHHVWHQYLVDJpHGDQVVRQUDSSRUW DYHFODUpDOLVDWLRQG¶XQSURFqV 'HX[DXWUHVGpULYpVUHVVRUWLVVHQWSHXWrWUHjFHFDVGHILJXUH amusetteHWjouette3RXUSOXVGHGp WDLOVFI'DOD (YDOXDWLRQG¶REMHW grimpette, sucetteHWF 4XDQG LO RSqUH VXU XQ YHUEH et(te) SHXW H[HUFHU VRQ U{OH GH PDUTXHXU G¶DSSURSULDWLRQSDUUDSSRUWjO¶DUJXPHQW2 F¶HVWFHTXLVHSURGXLWTXDQGLOFRQVWUXLW grimpette jSDUWLUGHgrimp(er)sucette jSDUWLUGH suc(er)OHVGLFWLRQQDLUHVGRQQHQWj REVHUYHU XQH YLQJWDLQH GH QRPV GH FH W\SH SRXU G¶DXWUHV H[HPSOHV FI 'DO D TXLUHSUHQGHWGLVFXWHODOLVWHGH&RUELQ 0rPHVDQVTXDQWLILHUOHVGRQQpHVREVHUYDEOHVRQDXUDLWSXSUpGLUHODUHODWLYHDERQ GDQFHGHGpULYpVGHFHW\SH(QHIIHWTXDQGLORSqUHVXUXQQRPGRQWOHUpIpUHQWDGHV GLPHQVLRQVSURWRW\SLTXHVOHVXIIL[Het(te)IRQFWLRQQHSUpIpUHQWLHOOHPHQWFRPPHLQGL FDWHXUGLPHQVLRQQHO$XVVLTXDQGGDQVODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQOH[LFDOHGHVYHUEHVTX¶LOVp OHFWLRQQHLOUHQFRQWUHXQDUJXPHQWµREMHW¶TXLHQWDQWTXHWHOPHWHQVFqQHXQHHQWLWp SK\VLTXHPHVXUDEOHWURXYHWLOIDFLOHPHQWjH[HUFHUFHU{OHVpPDQWLTXH (YDOXDWLRQGHOLHXoublietteHWF" 3RXU TXH OH VXIIL[H ±et(te) SXLVVH H[HUFHU VRQ LQVWUXFWLRQ VpPDQWLTXH j SDUWLU GH O¶DUJXPHQW µOLHX¶ GH 3 LO IDXW TXH FH SURWDJRQLVWHOLHX DLW GHV GLPHQVLRQV SURWRW\SL TXHV&¶HVWFHUWDLQHPHQWFHWWHFRQWUDLQWHTXLH[SOLTXHTXHFHW\SHVpPDQWLTXHGHGpUL YpV HVW DVVH] SHX UHSUpVHQWp GDQV OH OH[LTXH DWWHVWp GDQV 'DO D j OD VXLWHGH&RUELQMHFLWDLbuvettecachettecouchetteHWoublietteHQQHJDUGDQWHQ GpILQLWLYH TX¶oubliette SRXU GHV UDLVRQV WURS ORQJXHV j H[SOLTXHU LFL (Q WRXW pWDW GH FDXVHVLO¶RQVHIRQGHVXUOHOH[LTXHDWWHVWpFHW\SHQHFRQFHUQHGRQFDXPD[LPXPTXH TXDWUHGpULYpV (YDOXDWLRQG¶LQVWUXPHQWbinettesonnetteHWF &HWWHGHUQLqUHFRQILJXUDWLRQHVWGHORLQODSOXVIUpTXHQWHTXDQGet(te)RSqUHVXUXQ YHUEH&RUELQLQYHQWRULHSOXVGHFLQTXDQWHLQVWUXPHQWDX[HQet(te)FRPSRUWDQW XQYHUEHHQSRVLWLRQGHEDVHHWFHVRQWGHVLQVWUXPHQWDX[QRQDWWHVWpVTXHO¶RQFRQV WUXLWOHSOXVYRORQWLHUVjSDUWLUG¶XQHEDVHYHUEDOHFILFLPrPHO¶H[HPSOHG¶adhérette TXHSURSRVH)1DPHU2QUHPDUTXHHQRXWUHTXHFHX[GHVOLQJXLVWHVTXLFRQVLGqUHQW TXHet(te)HVWDSWHjIRUPHUGHVQRPVjSDUWLUGHYHUEHVFLWHQWG¶DERUGYRLUHH[FOXVLYH PHQW FH W\SH VpPDQWLFRUpIpUHQWLHO GH GpULYpV FI 1\URS :DQGUXVND 0LOQHUHWF &HODV¶H[SOLTXHSDUOHIDLWTXHOHUpIpUHQWGHO¶DUJXPHQWµLQVWUXPHQW¶G¶XQYHUEHHVW ODSOXSDUWGXWHPSVXQHHQWLWpSRXUODTXHOOHLOHVWSHUWLQHQWGHSDUOHUGHGLPHQVLRQVOHV GLPHQVLRQVG¶XQXWLOLWDLUHSHUPHWWDQWODUpDOLVDWLRQG¶XQSURFqVRQWJpQpUDOHPHQWSDUWLH OLpH DYHF OD ERQQH UpDOLVDWLRQ GH FH SURFqV VL ELHQ TXH TXDQG LO WURXYH XQ DUJXPHQW µLQVWUXPHQW¶GDQVODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQOH[LFDOHGXYHUEHGHEDVHet(te)WURXYHIDFLOHPHQWj H[HUFHUVRQU{OHVpPDQWLTXH ObjetVXEVXPHLFLSDUFRPPRGLWpµSURGXLWGHSURFqV¶HWµFHVXUTXRLSRUWHOHSURFqV¶ 2QUHPDUTXHHQRXWUHTXHFHW\SHVpPDQWLTXHGHGpULYpVHVWRXYHUWSDUH[HPSOHreposetteHQWHQGX UpFHPPHQWHQKDOWHJDUGHULHSRXUUpIpUHUjXQHVLHVWHGHFRXUWHGXUpHIl a fait une reposette ,GLRV\QFUDVLHRXXQLYHUVHO" /¶K\SRWKqVHVHORQODTXHOOHOHVXIIL[Het(te)SRXUUDLWDFFpGHUDX[GLIIpUHQWVQLYHDX[ GHODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQOH[LFDOHGHVYHUEHVVXUOHVTXHOVLORSqUHWRXWHQUHVWDQWDYHXJOHDX SURFqVOXLPrPHDOHJUDQGGpPpULWHG¶rWUHLQIDOVLILDEOHGHFHIDLWHOOHSHXWVHPEOHUad hoc 0DLVFXULHXVHPHQWLOVHPEOHTXHFHWWHSRVVLELOLWpPLVHDXMRXUSRXUOHVXIIL[Het(te) IUDQoDLVYDLOOHSRXUFHUWDLQVVXIIL[HVpYDOXDWLIVG¶DXWUHVODQJXHVVDQVFRPPXQHPHVXUH DYHFOHIUDQoDLV L6LO¶RQVHIRQGHVXU/H6RXUGRQUHWURXYHXQSKpQRPqQHFRPSDUDEOHHQ3DV VDPDTXRGG\SDUOHUG¶XQHUpJLRQLQGLHQQHGX0DLQH86$6HORQFHWWHpWXGHOH3DV VDPDTXRGG\ IDLW JUDQG XVDJH GHV IRUPHV GLPLQXWLYHV FRQVWUXLWHV 3DUPL FHV IRUPHV FHUWDLQHV VRQW FRQVWUXLWHV VXU GHV QRPV PDLV OD SOXSDUW GpULYH GH YHUEHV j O¶DLGH GX VXIIL[H ±hs 'DQV FH FDV HOOHV LPSOLTXHQW O¶DVVLJQDWLRQ G¶XQH LQWHUSUpWDWLRQ ³GLPLQXWLYH´ QRQ SDV DX YHUEH OXLPrPH PDLV j O¶XQ GH VHV DUJXPHQWV 6DQV HQWUHU GDQVOHGpWDLOO¶DUJXPHQWDXTXHOHVWDVVLJQpHO¶LQWHUSUpWDWLRQGLPLQXWLYHYDULHVHORQOH W\SHGHYHUEHVLOHYHUEHHVWLQWUDQVLWLISDUODIRUFHGHVFKRVHVO¶DUJXPHQWDIIHFWpHVW OHVXMHWV¶LOHVWWUDQVLWLIO¶DUJXPHQWDIIHFWpHVWO¶REMHWRQREVHUYHVHPEOHWLOTXHOTXHV FDV G¶LQGpFLVLRQ R O¶LQWHUSUpWDWLRQ GLPLQXWLYH HVW DX FKRL[ DVVLJQDEOH DX VXMHW RX j O¶REMHW/HVXIIL[H±hs- SRXUUDLWGRQFDXPRLQVDFFpGHUjODVWUXFWXUHDUJXPHQWDOHGHV YHUEHVVXUOHVTXHOVLORSqUHHWH[HUFHUVRQLQVWUXFWLRQSDUUDSSRUWDX[DUJXPHQWVGpWHF WpV LL&HWWHFDUDFWpULVWLTXHVLJQDOpHSDU/H6RXUGSRXUOH3DVVDPDTXRGG\DXUDLWHQIDLWXQH YDOLGLWp GpSDVVDQWFHWWH VHXOH DLUH OLQJXLVWLTXH 6HORQ %DXHU RQ UHWURXYH SDUHLO SKpQRPqQHGDQVXQFHUWDLQQRPEUHG¶DXWUHVODQJXHVG¶$PpULTXHGX1RUGHQWUHDXWUHV HQ&KLFNDVDZHQ&RPDQFKHHQ.ZDNLXWOHQ'DNRWDGDQVFHVGLYHUVHVODQJXHVELHQ TXHFHVRLWOHYHUEHTXLSRUWHODPDUTXHGHODGLPLQXWLRQO¶LQWHUSUpWDWLRQGLPLQXWLYHHVW DWWULEXpHjO¶XQGHVDUJXPHQWVGXYHUEH 4. Evaluation de la révision de la théorie 3DUUDSSRUWjO¶RSWLRQIDLWHSUpFpGHPPHQW'DODO¶K\SRWKqVHGpYHORSSpHLFL SUpVHQWHSOXVLHXUVDYDQWDJHV ± VLO¶LQWXLWLRQQ¶pWDLWSDVXQWHUUDLQPLQpMHGLUDLTX¶HOOHHVWFRQIRUPHjO¶LQWXLWLRQ ± VDVHXOHOpJLWLPLWpQ¶HVWSDVODGpIHQVHGHODWKpRULHTX¶HOOHDSSOLTXH ± HOOH pYLWH GH UHFRXULU j OD UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ SOXV RX PRLQV DFUREDWLTXH GH EDVHV QRQ DWWHVWpHVSRXUOHVEHVRLQVGHODGpPRQVWUDWLRQ ± GHIDoRQOLpHHOOHHVWFRQIRUPHDYHFO¶K\SRWKqVHUDSSHOpHDXGpEXWGHFHWUDYDLOVH ORQODTXHOOHOHVGLPLQXWLIVVRQWSUpIpUHQWLHOOHPHQWFRQVWUXLWVVXUGHVPRWVDWWHVWpV (OOHQHO¶HVWHQIDLWQLSOXVQLPRLQVTXHO¶K\SRWKqVHG¶XQHWURQFDWLRQTXDVLV\VWpPDWLTXHGXVXIIL[H oir(e) SDU ±et(te) 3XLVTXH OH OH[LTXH DWWHVWp QH GRQQH j REVHUYHU DXFXQ LQVWUXPHQWDO HQ et(te) GRQW OD IRUPHREVHUYDEOHVHODLVVHGpFRPSRVHUHQ;9oir et(te)OHVLQVWUXPHQWDX[HQet(te)FRPSRUWDQWXQ YHUEHGDQVOHXUVWUXFWXUHVRQWWRXVVXSHUILFLHOOHPHQWGHODIRUPH;9et(te)DORUVFHWWHDXWUHK\SRWKqVH Q¶HVWSDVQRQSOXVIDFLOHPHQWIDOVLILDEOH ³$OWKRXJKWKHYHUEPD\FDUU\WKHGLPLQXWLYHPDUNLQJWKHGLPLQXWLYHLVLQWHUSUHWHGDVDSSO\LQJWRRQH RIWKHDUJXPHQWVRIWKDWYHUE´%DXHU ± HOOH pYLWH GH VH GHPDQGHU TXHOOH EDVH QRPLQDOH LQWHUFDODLUH FKRLVLU TXDQG DXFXQH EDVH DWWHVWpH QH FRQVWLWXH XQ ERQ FDQGLGDW RX DX FRQWUDLUH TXDQG SOXVLHXUV FDQGLGDWV DWWHVWpVVRQWVpPDQWLTXHPHQWSODXVLEOHV 'DQVO¶pWDWDFWXHOGHPHVUHFKHUFKHVLOUHVWHWRXWHIRLVXQSUREOqPHGHWDLOOHjUpVRX GUHSHXWRQHWVLRXLFRPPHQWSUpGLUHO¶DUJXPHQWVDLOODQWGXYHUEHGHEDVHTXHFKRL VLUDet(te)SRXUH[HUFHUVRQLQVWUXFWLRQVpPDQWLTXH" 'DQVFHTXLSUpFqGHVHGHVVLQHXQHHVTXLVVHGHUpSRQVHVLO¶RQVHEDVHVXUOHVGRQ QpHVFKLIIUpHVTXHOLYUHOHOH[LTXHDWWHVWpet(te)VpOHFWLRQQHSDURUGUHGpFURLVVDQWGDQV OHVHQVGXYHUEHGHEDVH, ! !3 DYHF3 H[SULPpDXPR\HQG¶XQQRP!/ !$ DYHFXQHSUpIpUHQFHWUqVQHWWHSRXUOHVWURLVSUHPLHUVFDV &HWWHKLpUDFKLVDWLRQGHSUpIpUHQFHVSHUPHWGHIRUPXOHUSURYLVRLUHPHQWOHVFRQGLWLRQV G¶DSSOLFDELOLWp RSWLPDOHV GX VXIIL[H et(te) GH OD IDoRQ VXLYDQWH OD VpOHFWLRQ GH $ pWDQW TXDVLPHQW H[FOXH MH OD QpJOLJH LFL GH PrPH TXH MH QpJOLJH GpOLEpUpPHQW O¶pYDOXDWLRQGHSURFqVPDUTXpHDXPR\HQG¶XQYHUEH 4XDQGLORSqUHVXUXQYHUEHVOHVXIIL[H±et(te) VpOHFWLRQQHGHIDoRQSULYLOpJLpHO¶DUJXPHQWµLQVWUXPHQW¶ GH FH YHUEH V¶LO H[LVWH $ GpIDXW LO VpOHFWLRQQH VRQ DUJXPHQW µREMHW¶ V¶LO H[LVWH $ GpIDXW LO pYDOXH OH SURFqVH[SULPpSDU VHWFRQVWUXLWXQQRP $GpIDXWLOVpOHFWLRQQH VRQDUJXPHQWµOLHX¶V¶LOH[LVWH /D VpOHFWLRQG¶XQDUJXPHQWGHQLYHDXQQHEORTXHSDVQpFHVVDLUHPHQWODVpOHFWLRQG¶XQDUJXPHQWGHQLYHDX QL 7RXWHIRLVLOUHVWHjGpWHUPLQHUFRPPHQWDWWULEXHUOHWUDLW>DSSURSULDWLRQ@DX[YHU EHVTXH±et(te) HVWDSWHjVpOHFWLRQQHU HQSDUWLFXOLHUVLWRXWYHUEHH[SULPHXQSURFqV WRXWYHUEHQHSHXWSDVSRXUDXWDQWVHYRLUDSSOLTXHUOHVXIIL[H±et(te) 5. En guise de conclusion -H FRQFOXUDL FH WUDYDLO VHORQ GHX[ RULHQWDWLRQV XQH RULHQWDWLRQ WKpRULTXH HW XQH RULHQWDWLRQSOXVSUDWLTXH Le point de vue de la théorie /¶K\SRWKqVHVHORQODTXHOOHOHVXIIL[H±et(te)DDFFqVjWRXVOHVQLYHDX[GHODVWUXFWXUH OH[LFDOHGHVYHUEHVVXUOHVTXHOVLORSqUHYDXWpYLGHPPHQWTXDQGLORSqUHVXUGHVQRPV FILFLPrPH%)UDGLQ&HWWHK\SRWKqVHHVWHQRXWUHFHUWDLQHPHQWH[WHQVLEOHQRQVHX OHPHQWjWRXVOHVPDUTXHXUVG¶pYDOXDWLRQPDLVDXVVLjWRXVOHVSURFpGpVFRQVWUXFWLRQ QHOVGHTXHOTXHQDWXUHTX¶LOVVRLHQWFISDUH[HPSOHLFLPrPHO¶DQDO\VHTXHPqQH) .HUOHURX[GHVXQLWpVOH[LFDOHVLQDFRSRFDEOHV ,OVHUDLWSDUFRQVpTXHQWLQWpUHVVDQWHWFHUWDLQHPHQWXWLOHGHFHVVHUGHFRQVLGpUHUOHV RSpUDWLRQV FRQVWUXFWLRQQHOV FRPPH LQDSWHV j DFFpGHU j GHV LQIRUPDWLRQV ILQHV FRQFHU QDQWOHXUEDVHXQRSpUDWHXUFRQVWXFWLRQQHOSHXW³OLUH´WRXWHLQIRUPDWLRQDVVRFLpHjOD UHSUpVHQWDWLRQ OH[LFDOH GHV EDVHV DX[TXHOOHV LO D DFFqV TX¶LO V¶DJLVVH G¶LQIRUPDWLRQV SKRQpWLTXHVV\QWD[LTXHVPDLVDXVVLG¶LQIRUPDWLRQVVpPDQWLTXHVGHGLYHUVQLYHDX[ 3RXU G¶DXWUHV H[HPSOHV PRQWUDQW TXH OHV RSpUDWHXUV FRQVWUXFWLRQQHOV RQW GHV FRQGLWLRQV RSWLPDOHV G¶DSSOLFDWLRQFI&RUELQjSDUDvWUH'DOEHW'DO& alHQSUpSDUDWLRQ Le point de vue du TAL 'DQV FHWUDYDLOLOQ¶DMXVTX¶jSUpVHQWSDVpWpH[SOLFLWHPHQWTXHVWLRQG¶DSSOLFDWLRQV SUDWLTXHV HQ WUDLWHPHQW DXWRPDWLTXH GHV ODQJXHV 3RXUWDQW OHV K\SRWKqVHV IDLWHV LFL SRXUUDLHQWGpERXFKHUVXUGHVDSSOLFDWLRQVHQ7$/FRPPHOHIDLWDSSDUDvWUH)1DPHU LFLPrPHGDQVVDFRQFOXVLRQVLO¶RQGLVSRVDLWG¶XQOH[LTXHGpFULYDQWILQHPHQWODUHSUp VHQWDWLRQVpPDQWLTXHGHVXQLWpVOH[LFDOHVRQSRXUUDLWSUpGLUHDXWRPDWLTXHPHQWOHVHQV GHV GpULYpV GpYHUEDX[ HQ et(te) 0DLV pFULWHOOH ³XQ WHO OH[LTXH Q¶HVW SDV SRXU GH PDLQ´-¶DMRXWHUDL³VDXIVL«´ BIBLIOGRAPHIE $%(,//(Les nouvelles syntaxes. Grammaires d’unification et analyse du français3DULV$UPDQG &ROLQ %$8(5/³(YDOXDWLYHPRUSKRORJ\LQVHDUFKRIXQLYHUVDOV´Studies in Language SS &25%,1'³4X HVWFHTX XQHRSpUDWLRQGpULYDWLRQQHOOH"'HVFULSWLRQHWUHSUpVHQWDWLRQGHVQRPV HQET(TE)DSSDUHPPHQWFRQVWUXLWVVXUGHVEDVHVYHUEDOHV´, Cahiers de GrammaireSS &25%,1'jSDUDvWUHLe lexique construit. Méthodologie d’analyse3DULV$UPDQG&ROLQ '$/*DGrammaire du suffixe -HWWH3DULV'LGLHU(UXGLWLRQ '$/ *E³'XSULQFLSHG¶XQLFLWpFDWpJRULHOOHDXSULQFLSHG¶XQLFLWpVpPDQWLTXHLQFLGHQFHVXUOD IRUPDOLVDWLRQGXOH[LTXHFRQVWUXLWPRUSKRORJLTXHPHQW´in3$%XYHW6&DUGH\3*UHHQILHOG +0DGHFpGVActes du colloque international Fractal’97, ³/LQJXLVWLTXHHWLQIRUPDWLTXHWKpRULHVHW RXWLOVSRXUOHWUDLWHPHQWDXWRPDWLTXHGHVODQJXHV´BULAGQXPpURVSpFLDOSS '$/*VRXVSUHVVH³Chardonneretchardonnetteéchardonnet(te)ODJUDPPDLUHGXVXIIL[Het(te)HQ SUHVTXHWURLVPRWV ´in'&RUELQpGLa formation des mots : structures et interprétations ,,Lexique '$/ * +$7+287 1 1$0(5 ) HQ SUpSDUDWLRQ ³&RQVWUXLUH XQ OH[LTXH GpULYDWLRQQHO WKpRULH HW UpDOLVDWLRQV´ VRXPLVVLRQ j 7$/1¶ 9,H FRQIpUHQFH VXU OH 7UDLWHPHQW $XWRPDWLTXH GHV /DQJXHV 1DWXUHOOHV,QVWLWXWG (WXGHV6FLHQWLILTXHVGH&DUJHVH&RUVHMXLOOHW '(/+$<&Il était un “ petit X ”. Pour une approche nouvelle de la catégorisation dite diminutive3DULV/DURXVVH '5(66/(5:80(5/,1,%$5%$5(6,/0Morphopragmatics. Diminutives and Intensifiers in Italian, German, and other Languages%HUOLQ1HZ<RUN0RXWRQGH*UX\WHU )5$',1 %³(VTXLVVHG¶XQHVpPDQWLTXHGHODSUpIL[DWLRQSDUanti-´Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes SS +$66(/527%³(WXGHVVXUODIRUPDWLRQGLPLQXWLYHGDQVOHVODQJXHVURPDQHV´Acta Universitatis UpsaliensisWRPH,, .(5/(528; )³/¶DSRFRSHHWOHVGpYHUEDX[´Cahiers de grammaireSS LePetitRobert±&'5209HUVLRQpOHFWURQLTXHGXNouveau Petit RobertDictionnaire analogique et alphabétique de la langue française3DULV(GLWLRQV/H5REHUW /(&207((³7RXVOHVPRWVSRVVLEOHVHQ±ure H[LVWHQWLOV"´in '&RUELQ%)UDGLQ%+DEHUW ).HUOHURX[03OpQDWpGVSilexicales ©0RWVSRVVLEOHVHWPRWVH[LVWDQWVª8QLYHUVLWpGH/LOOH ,,,SS /(6285'3K6³'LPLQXWLYHYHUEVIRUPVLQ3DVVDPDTXRGG\´IJALSS 0,/1(5-&³*HQUHHWGLPHQVLRQGDQVOHVGLPLQXWLIVIUDQoDLV´in.RVWDV(/HHPDQ'pGV Genre et LangageActes du colloque tenu à Paris X-Nanterre les 14-15-16 décembre 1988, ,PSULPH ULHLQWpJUpHGHO 8QLYHUVLWp3DULV;SS 1<523.UGrammaire historique de la langue françaiseW,,, ©)RUPDWLRQGHV PRWVªHpG UHYXH*HQqYH6ODWNLQH5HSULQWV 3867(-296.<-The Generative Lexicon&DPEULGJH0DVVWKH0,73UHVVQGSULQWLQJ RE = Le Robert électronique DMW'LVTXHRSWLTXHFRPSDFW&'5203DULV'LFWLRQQDLUHV/H5REHUW 5(<'(%29( - Le Robert méthodique. Dictionnaire méthodique du français actuel 3DULV /H 5REHUW Trésor de la langue français Dictionnaire de la langue du XIXe et du XXe siècle (1789-1960) YRO 3DULV(GLWLRQVGX&HQWUH1DWLRQDOGHOD5HFKHUFKH6FLHQWLILTXHW*DOOLPDUGW :$1'586.$8Probleme der neufranzösischen Wortbildung7ELQJHQ0D[1LHPH\HU9HUODJ :(%(5 0 Contributions à l'étude du diminutif en français moderne 7KqVH GH O 8QLYHUVLWp GH =ULFK=ULFK,PSULPHULH2WWR$OWRUIHU =:$1(1%85*:³3RO\VHP\DQGKRPRQ\P\RIDIIL[HV)UHQFKetHWFLQGLPLQXWLYHDQGLQV WUXPHQWDOQRXQV´Recherches de linguistiquefrançaise et romane;,,SS
Documents pareils
Volume - Caroline Imbert`s WebCV
FRPPHXQHHQWUHSULVHVWULFWHPHQWV\QFKURQLTXH/·pWXGHGHO·pWDWV\Q
FKURQLTXHGHVWUXFWXUHVYDULpHVH[SULPDQWXQHPrPHIRQFWLRQQHSHUPHW
SDV G·HQ DIÀQHU OD FODVVLÀFDWLRQ HW HQFRUH PRLQV...
ET TOUT ET TOUT
SRpVLHO\ULTXH5pFLWHWSRpVLHVRQWQpDQPRLQVSHQVpVjO¶pSRTXHPRGHUQHFRPPHGHVJHQUHV
DXSUL[G¶XQHGRXEOHDVVLPLODWLRQ
6RXVO¶RSSRVLWLRQGHODSRpVLHHWGXUpFLWODMXVWL¿DQWLO\DGHID...
3rlqwv judppdwlfdx[ leçon 20 ম भస ॑స ढञऒधऋँॉऽघऊ nihon no
卲 'DQVODOHÉRQ$5,0$68VLJQLILDLWTXHTXHOTXHFKRVHnH[LVWH|RXnLO\D|'DQVODOHÉRQ