Petit manuel des formations et des métiers du journalisme
Transcription
Petit manuel des formations et des métiers du journalisme
Programme Égalité des Chances en journalisme Le petit manuel des formations et des métiers du journalisme a été élaboré pour les lycéens, par La Fondation Culture & Diversité et les treize formations de journalisme reconnues par la profession : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L’Institut universitaire technologique (IUT) de Lannion L’Ecole Publique de Journalisme de Tours (EPJT) L’Ecole de Journalisme de Toulouse (EJT) Le CELSA, Paris Le Centre de Formation des Journalistes (CFJ), Paris Le Centre Universitaire d'Enseignement du Journalisme (CUEJ), Strasbourg L’Ecole de Journalisme et de Communication de Marseille (EJCM) L’Ecole supérieure de journalisme (ESJ), Lille L’Ecole de journalisme de Sciences Po, Paris L’Ecole de Journalisme de Grenoble (EJDG) L’Ecole de Journalisme IFP, Paris L’Institut de Journalisme Bordeaux Aquitaine (IJBA) L’Institut Pratique de Journalisme (IPJ), Paris Les fiches métiers ont été élaborées par la rédaction de l’Etudiant.fr Le Petit Manuel a été conçu avec le 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