ReleYer le défi des normes de planification des camps

ReleYer le défi des normes de planification des camps

&-2
2ELEVERLEDÏlDESNORMESDEPLANI
lCATIONDESCAMPSDERÏFUGIÏS
PAR*IM+ENNEDY
,ESPARAMÒTRESACTUELLEMENTÏTABLISPOURLESCAMPSDE
PERSONNESDÏPLACÏESDOIVENTÐTREADAPTÏSAUXFACTEURS
RÏELSQUECONSTITUENTLESPÏRANCEDEVIEDUNCAMPETLA
CROISSANCEDELAPOPULATION
&
RQIURQWpVDX[GpILVGH
ORFDOLVHUHWGHFRQFHYRLU
XQFDPSGHUpIXJLpVOD
SOXSDUWGHVSURIHVVLRQQHOVRQW
UHFRXUVDXOLYUHWGX+&5SRXUOHV
VLWXDWLRQVG·XUJHQFHHWRXOD&KDUWH
KXPDQLWDLUHGH6SKHUHVXUOHV
FULWqUHVGHEDVHGDQVOHVUpSRQVHV
DX[GpVDVWUHV&HVPDQXHOV
©WDLOOHXQLTXHªpWDEOLVVHQWWRXV
OHVUHQVHLJQHPHQWVQpFHVVDLUHV
GHSXLVO·pWHQGXHPLQLPDOHG·HVSDFH
QpFHVVLWpSRXUDEULWHUXQLQGLYLGX
MXVTX·jODODUJHXUGHVSDUHIHX
H[LJpVjO·LQWpULHXUGXFDPS$UPp
GHFHVQRUPHVXQSODQLILFDWHXUGH
FDPSSHXWQpJRFLHUXQWHUUDLQHW
SUpYRLUXQSODQSRXUXQQRPEUH
GRQQpG·KDELWDQWV0DLVVRXYHQWHQ
O·HVSDFHG·XQHRXGHX[DQQpHVOH
FDPSHVWGpMjERQGpQHSHUPHWWDQW
jVHVKDELWDQWVQLGHSUpVHUYHUOHXU
GLJQLWpQLGHSRXUVXLYUHOHXUHPSORL
6RXYHQWFHQ·HVWSDVOHUpVXOWDW
GHIOX[LQDWWHQGXVGHQRXYHDX[
DUULYDQWVPDLVODFRQVpTXHQFHGH
GpIDXWVGDQVOHVSDUDPqWUHVHX[
PrPHV
(QUpDOLWpODGXUpHGHYLHG·XQ
FDPSGHUpIXJLpVHVWG·HQYLURQ
VHSWDQVELHQTXHFHUWDLQVFDPSV
GHUpIXJLpVSDOHVWLQLHQVRFFXSHQW
WRXMRXUVOHXUVLWHRULJLQDOSOXVGH
FLQTXDQWHDQVDSUqVOHXUFUpDWLRQ
3DUFHTX·LOQ·HVWMDPDLVSRVVLEOH
GHFRQQDvWUHjO·DYDQFHODGXUpHGH
YLHG·XQFDPSOHVSODQLILFDWHXUV
GRLYHQWDGRSWHUXQHSHUVSHFWLYHGH
ORQJXHGXUpH/HVGHX[HQVHPEOHV
GHSDUDPqWUHVVXJJqUHQWXQWDX[GH
FURLVVDQFHDQQXHOGHjGDQV
OHVFDPSVGHUpIXJLpVO·XQFRPPH
O·DXWUHPDQTXHjHQSUpYRLUOHV
FRQVpTXHQFHV/HPDQXHOGX+&5
SUpFRQLVHODSURPRWLRQG·HQWUHSULVHV
pFRQRPLTXHVSRXUOHVUpVLGHQWVGX
FDPSPDLVQ·DOORXHDXFXQHVSDFH
DX[DWHOLHUVDFWLYLWpVjGRPLFLOH
HQWUHS{WVjJUDLQVRXjRXWLOVTXH
UHTXLqUHQWGHWHOOHVHQWUHSULVHV
3RXUFUpHUXQFDPSTXLDEULWH
GLJQHPHQWWRXVVHVKDELWDQWVHWTXL
VHUDWRXMRXUVHQFRQIRUPLWpDYHF
OHVFULWqUHVGHEDVHpWDEOLVSDUOHV
PDQXHOVPrPHDXERXWGHORQJXHV
DQQpHVOHVIRUPXOHVQXPpULTXHV
TX·XWLOLVHQWFHVPDQXHOVGRLYHQWrWUH
UHYXVGHIRQGHQFRPEOH
/HJXLGHGX+&5VWLSXOHXQHVXUIDFH
GHPSRXUXQFDPSGH
SHUVRQQHV&HFDOFXODOORXH
XQHVXUIDFHUHFRPPDQGpHGHP
SDUSHUVRQQH\FRPSULVXQSHWLW
WHUUDLQSRXUXQMDUGLQSRWDJHU0DLV
XQHIRLVSULVHQFRPSWHO·HVSDFH
UpVHUYpDX[SDUHIHXLPPHXEOHV
QRQUpVLGHQWLHOVHW]RQHVGH
VpFXULWpHQWUHOHVDEULVOHVP
GLVSDUDLVVHQWUDSLGHPHQW1L6SKHUH
QLOH+&5QHIRXUQLVVHQWGHGRQQpH
FKLIIUpHjO·HVSDFHDOORXpDX[
LPPHXEOHVQRQUpVLGHQWLHOV²pFROHV
FOLQLTXHVHQWUHS{WVEXUHDX[
DGPLQLVWUDWLIVHWFHQWUHVG·DFFXHLO
/HOLYUHWGX+&5IRXUQLWXQJXLGH
JpQpUDOPDLVQHGRQQHSDVGHFKLIIUH
HQPqWUHVFDUUpV
6LXQFDPSGHUpIXJLpV
JUDQGLWGHFKDTXHDQQpHLO
IDXGUDQHXIDQVjSHLQHGHX[DQVGH
SOXVTXHODGXUpHGHYLHPR\HQQHGH
WRXVOHVFDPSVSRXUTXHODIDPLOOH
PR\HQQHWKpRULTXHV·DFFURLVVHGH
FLQTjVHSWSHUVRQQHVHWSRXUTXH
ODSRSXODWLRQJOREDOHDWWHLJQHOHV
SHUVRQQHV6LSHQGDQWOD
SUHPLqUHDQQpHODVXUIDFHPR\HQQH
DOORXpHjFKDTXHKDELWDQWGXFDPS
HVWGHPFRPPHOHSUpFRQLVHQW
OHVSDUDPqWUHVGX+&5jODILQGHOD
QHXYLqPHDQQpHFHWWHVXUIDFHDXUD
pWpUpGXLWHjPSDUSHUVRQQH
PRLQVTXHOHPLQLPXPVWLSXOp/D
VXUIDFHDOORXpHjFKDTXHSHUVRQQH
GDQVXQHKDELWDWLRQFRQoXHSRXUXQH
IDPLOOHDXUDGLPLQXpGHPOH
PLQLPXPVHORQOH+&5jP6L
XQVHXOPqWUHFDUUpGHFHWWHVXUIDFH
HVWUpVHUYpDXVWRFNDJHG·RXWLOV
RXGHPDWpULHOSRXUGHVDFWLYLWpV
pFRQRPLTXHVjGRPLFLOHO·HVSDFH
FRQVDFUpjO·KDELWDWLRQHVWUpGXLWHDX
SRLQWROHUpIXJLpRXODSHUVRQQH
GpSODFpHQ·DPrPHSDVDVVH]GH
SODFHSRXUV·pWHQGUHHWGRUPLU
#OMMENCERPARLEBAS
3ULVGDQVOHSLqJHGHO·LQFRKpUHQFH
GHVGRQQpHVFKLIIUpHVG·XQHSDUW
HWGHODSUHVVLRQH[HUFpHSDUOD
FURLVVDQFHGHODSRSXODWLRQG·DXWUH
SDUWOHSODQLILFDWHXUDEHVRLQG·XQH
DSSURFKHGLIIpUHQWH/DFOp²TXHOHV
SDUDPqWUHVGX+&5GRQQHQWYHUVOH
GpEXWPDLVTX·LOVGpODLVVHQWSOXVRX
PRLQVSDUODVXLWH²HVWGHSODQLILHU
HWGHFDOFXOHUGXSOXVSHWLWDXSOXV
JUDQGHWGHFRPPHQFHUSDUOHEDV
/DLVVRQVGHF{WpG·pYHQWXHOVGRXWHV
TXDQWjO·DSSOLFDWLRQXQLYHUVHOOHGHV
SDUDPqWUHVHWSUpVXPRQVTXHOHV
PSDUSHUVRQQHVWLSXOpVSDUOH
+&5SRXUO·LQWpULHXUG·XQHKDELWDWLRQ
PVHORQOHVFULWqUHVSOXV
DXVWqUHVGH6SKHUHVRQWVXIILVDQWV
/·HVSDFHQpFHVVDLUHSRXUDEULWHU
XQHIDPLOOHGHFLQTSHUVRQQHVVHUDLW
DORUVGHP²PDLVGDQVOHV
IDLWVLOIDXGUDLWSUpYRLUPSRXU
SHUPHWWUHjODIDPLOOHG·DWWHLQGUH
VHSWPHPEUHVjWHUPH6LOHVIDPLOOHV
VRQWUHJURXSpHVHQFRPPXQDXWpV
GHSHUVRQQHVHQFRUHXQHIRLV
VHORQOHVFULWqUHVGX+&5LOIDXGUDLW
DOORXHUFKDTXHEORFFRPPXQDXWDLUH
jIDPLOOHVVHXOHPHQWHWQRQSDV
OHVTXHVXJJqUHOH+&5
,OIDXWHQVXLWHSUpYRLUDVVH]
G·HVSDFHSRXUWRXWHVOHVIDFLOLWpV
VXSSOpPHQWDLUHVH[WHUQHVTXHOHV
FULWqUHVQHSUpYRLHQWSDVODWULQHV
GRXFKHVFXLVLQHHQSOHLQDLUVRXUFH
G·HDXHWGpS{WGHGpFKHWV&KDTXH
EORFGHYUDLWjSUpVHQWRFFXSHUXQH
VXUIDFHGHP²GpMjDXPRLQV
PGHSOXVTXHO·HVSDFHDOORXpj
ODFRPPXQDXWpGHIDPLOOHVVHORQ
OHVFULWqUHVRULJLQDX[GX+&5
8QHIRLVDMRXWpO·HVSDFHQpFHVVDLUH
DX[FKHPLQVHWDX[SDUHIHXDLQVL
TX·jXQEORFQRQUpVLGHQWLHOSRXU
FKDTXHKXLWEORFVUpVLGHQWLHOVOD
VXUIDFHGpILQLWLYHSDUSHUVRQQH
jO·pFKHOOHGXFDPSVHUDLWGH
PjODILQGHODQHXYLqPH
DQQpH&HODVLJQLILHTX·LOIDXGUDLW
FDOFXOHUPSDUSHUVRQQHSRXU
ODSUHPLqUHDQQpHDYDQWQ·LPSRUWH
TXHOOHFURLVVDQFHLQWHUQHGHOD
SRSXODWLRQ²F·HVWjGLUHSUHVTXH
OHGRXEOHGHODVXUIDFHSUpFRQLVpH
SDUOH+&5HWWURLVIRLVSOXVTXH
&-2
OHVUHFRPPDQGDWLRQVGH6SKHUH
0rPHFHFKLIIUHQHWLHQWSDV
FRPSWHGHO·HVSDFHUHTXLVSRXUOHV
DFWLYLWpVpFRQRPLTXHVjGRPLFLOH
QLHQFRUHGXIDLWTXHGHOD
WHUUHRFWUR\pHSRXUODFRQVWUXFWLRQ
G·XQFDPSHVWVRXYHQWLQXWLOLVDEOH
GXIDLWGHO·LQFOLQDLVRQGXQLYHDX
K\GURVWDWLTXHRXDXWUHVFDUDFWqUHV
WRSRJUDSKLTXHV
(IÏRARCHIESDESPACES
KD>9H%7>ebbcWdd
'DQVODSOXSDUWGHVFDPSVOHV
LPPHXEOHVHWHVSDFHVVRQWGH
GHX[WDLOOHVVHXOHPHQWWHUUDLQV
RXKDELWDWLRQVSRXUXQHIDPLOOH
HWLPPHXEOHVQRQUpVLGHQWLHOV
EHDXFRXSSOXVYDVWHVUHJURXSpV
SUqVGHO·HQWUpHSULQFLSDOHGXFDPS
&HWWHGLYLVLRQULJLGHVHORQOHV
IRQFWLRQVGHVpGLILFHVFUpHVRXYHQW
GHVWHQVLRQV&HX[TXLYLYHQWDX[
PDUJHVGXFDPSVHVHQWHQWH[FOXVHW
O·LQVWDELOLWpVRFLDOHSHXWV·LQWHQVLILHU
&HX[TXLYLYHQWHQPDUJHGHV
FRPPXQDXWpVUpVLGHQWLHOOHVDYHFYXH
VXUOHVHVSDFHVRXYHUWVRVHVLWXHQW
OHVLPPHXEOHVQRQUpVLGHQWLHOVQ·RQW
SDUIRLVSDVG·HVSDFHGHWUDQVLWLRQ
HQWUHOHVHVSDFHVYRXOXVSULYpV
GHOHXUVPDLVRQVHWOHVHVSDFHV
SXEOLFVDXWRXUGHVFOLQLTXHVpFROHV
RXEXUHDX[DGPLQLVWUDWLIV&HV
SHUVRQQHVSHXYHQWEpQpILFLHUGH
OHXUVLWXDWLRQSRXULQVWDOOHUOHXUV
pFKRSSHVRXDXWUHVPpWLHUVSUqV
GHV]RQHVG·DFWLYLWpHOOHVSkWLVVHQW
pJDOHPHQWGHO·DEVHQFHG·HVSDFH
SULYpHWGHVpFXULWp
2ELEVERLEDÏlDESNORMESDEPLANIlCATIONDESCAMPSDERÏFUGIÏS $XOLHXGHGpYHORSSHUXQFDPS
jSDUWLUG·XQHVpULHGHVWUXFWXUHV
SK\VLTXHVSODFpHVVXUXQHVXUIDFH
YLGHOHSODQLILFDWHXUGHYUDLW
FRPPHQFHUjFRQFHYRLUOHFDPSHQ
WHUPHG·XQHKLpUDUFKLHG·HVSDFHV
GLIIpUHQWVLPEULTXpVOHVXQVGDQV
OHVDXWUHVTXHOHVpGLILFHVDLGHQW
SDUWLHOOHPHQWjIRUPHU&HUWDLQV
HVSDFHVVHURQWHQWLqUHPHQWSULYpV
G·DXWUHVHQWLqUHPHQWSXEOLFVHW
EHDXFRXSFRPELQHURQWOHVGHX[
FDUDFWqUHV4XHOTXHVHVSDFHV
FRQWLQXHURQWpYLGHPPHQWjrWUH
GpILQLVSDUOHVLPPHXEOHVTX·LOV
FRQWLHQQHQWPDLVEHDXFRXSG·DXWUHV
VHURQWLQLWLDOHPHQWYLGHVHWVH
WURXYHURQWRFFXSpVSDUODVXLWHSDU
OHVUpIXJLpVHWFHTXHUHTXLqUHQW
FHVGHUQLHUVHQPDWLqUHGHSDLQ
TXRWLGLHQHWG·LQWHUDFWLRQVRFLDOH
,OQHGHYUDLWSDVH[LVWHUXQH
GLFKRWRPLHDEVROXHHQWUHSXEOLF
HWSULYpJUDQGHWSHWLWLOGHYUDLW
WRXMRXUV\DYRLUXQHVSDFH
LQWHUPpGLDLUHHQWUHOHVGHX[WHUPHV
'HVHVSDFHVGHWUDQVLWLRQHQWUHOHV
JUDQGVLPPHXEOHVQRQUpVLGHQWLHOV
HWOHVFRPPXQDXWpVUpVLGHQWLHOOHV
DGMDFHQWHVDGPHWWURQWGDYDQWDJH
G·HVSDFHSULYpHWGHVpFXULWp
SRXUOHV]RQHVUpVLGHQWLHOOHV
/HVFRPPXQDXWpVSOXVpORLJQpHV
HQJOREHURQWGHVHVSDFHVSXEOLFV
UpGXLWVjO·pFKHOOHGXTXDUWLHU/HV
UpVLGHQWVSRXUURQWGpFLGHUGHV
XVDJHVHWGHVIRUPHVTXHSUHQGURQW
FHVHVSDFHVHWVHVHQWLURQWSDU
FRQVpTXHQWGDYDQWDJHHQJDJpVSDUOH
FDPSGDQVVDJOREDOLWp
/HGpILFRQVLVWHjSHUVXDGHUOD
FRPPXQDXWpKXPDQLWDLUHHWOHV
DXWRULWpVJRXYHUQHPHQWDOHVGHV
SD\VG·DFFXHLOTXHO·RQH[LJHGH
jGHWHUUDLQVVXSSOpPHQWDLUHV
HWTXHFHWWHVXUIDFHQHVHUDSDV
FRQVWUXLWHLQLWLDOHPHQWPDLVVHUD
FRQVDFUpHjGHVXVDJHVjIDLEOH
LQWHQVLWpSHXWrWUHSHQGDQW
SOXVLHXUVDQQpHV&HSHQGDQWVHXOH
FHWWHDSSURFKHSHUPHWWUDDX[FDPSV
G·LQFDUQHUGLJQHPHQWODSKLORVRSKLH
HWQRQVHXOHPHQWOHVGRQQpHV
FKLIIUpHVSUpVHQWpHSDUOHVVROXWLRQV
GXUDEOHVGX+&5HWOHVDEULVGH
6SKHUH
-LP.HQQHG\WUDYDLOOHDFWXHOOHPHQW
FRPPHFRQVXOWDQWHQPDWLqUH
G·DEULVDX6UL/DQNDHWHIIHFWXHGHV
UHFKHUFKHVHQYXHG·XQGRFWRUDW
jO·XQLYHUVLWpGH'HOIWGDQVOH
GRPDLQHGHODSODQLILFDWLRQGHV
FDPSVGHUpIXJLpV
&RXUULHOMSN#KRWPDLOFRP
81+&5+DQGERRNIRU(PHUJHQFLHV*HQqYH
ZZZDLGZRUNHUVQHWUHVRXUFHVXQKFU
KDQGERRNKWPO
3URMHW6SKHUH+XPDQLWDULDQ&KDUWHUDQG
0LQLPXP6WDQGDUGVLQ'LVDVWHU5HVSRQVH
*HQqYHZZZVSKHUHSURMHFWRUJ
KDQGERRN
,ECAMP+IBOUMBAPOURRÏFUGIÏSRWANDAISRÏGIONDE
'OMANORD+IVU:AÕRE