Mapping research systems in developing countries

Mapping research systems in
developing countries
Essential Bibliography: S&T in Arab countries
Project Leaders:
CREST: Centre for Research on Science and Technology,
University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
IRD: Institute for Research on Development,
France
1
Table of Contents
1.
General............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1
Articles & books ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Journals: .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.1
Maghreb .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2
Machrek .......................................................................................................................... 5
3.
Countries ......................................................................................................................... 6
3.1
Algeria ............................................................................................................................. 6
3.2
Bahrain ............................................................................................................................ 8
3.3
Egypt ............................................................................................................................... 8
3.4
Jordan ............................................................................................................................. 8
3.5
Kuwait ............................................................................................................................. 9
3.6
Lebanon......................................................................................................................... 10
3.7
Morocco ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.8
Occupied Palestinian Territories .................................................................................... 13
3.9
Oman ............................................................................................................................ 13
3.10
Qatar ............................................................................................................................. 13
3.11
Saudi Arabia .................................................................................................................. 14
3.12
Syria .............................................................................................................................. 14
3.13
Tunisia ........................................................................................................................... 14
3.14
United Arab Emirates..................................................................................................... 16
i
Essential Bibliography: S&T in Arab countries
Prepared by Roland Waast
IRD: Institute for Research on Development, France
1.
General
[- Few references deal with the whole of the region (Maghreb + Machreq+ GCC Countries)
[- Best analyses are often ten years old. Higher Education policies are a new concern. Data about
S&T policies and output are unevenly gathered, often out of date and sometimes unclear].
[Hereafter we present a number of the best recent available sources]
1.1
Articles & books
Badran, A. 2005. The Arab States. In UNESCO Science Report 2005, (pp. 159-176). Paris: UNESCO.
El Alami, J., Doré, J.C. & Miquel, J.F. 1992. International scientific collaboration in Arab countries.
Scientometrics, 23 (1), 249-263.
Gaillard, J., Krishna, V.V. & Waast, R. 1997. Scientific Communities in the Developing World. New
Delhi: Sage, 398p. [Especially: Algeria, Egypt].
Herrera, L. 2006. Higher Education in the Arab World. In J. Forest & P. Altbach (Ed.), International
Handbook of Higher Education, (pp. 409–21). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
Mazawi, A. E. 2000. Aspects of Higher Education in the Arab States. International Higher Education,
18 (Winter 2000).
Nour, S.S. 2005. Science and Technology Development Indicators in the Arab Region: A Comparative
Study of Arab Gulf and Mediterranean Countries. Science Technology Society, 10 (2),
249-275, Sage Publications.
Rached, E. & Craissati, D. (Eds.), 2001. Research for Development in the Middle East and North Africa,
Montreal (Canada): International Development Research Centre (IDRC), [Available
at: http://archive.idrc.ca/books/focus/930/16khrouz.html]
Romani, V. 2009. The politics of Higher Education in the Middle East: Problems and Prospects,
Middle East Brief, n°36 (May 2009). Crown Center for Middle East Studies . [Available
at: http://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/meb/MEB36.pdf]
Rossi, P.L. & Waast, R. 2007. Etude bibliométrique de huit pays Méditerranéens : Sciences exactes et
naturelles. Paris :IRD, 58 pages. [Available at : http://www.estime.ird.fr]
Siino, F. (Ed.), 2003. Sciences, savoirs modernes et pouvoirs dans le monde musulman
contemporain. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (REMMM). Aixen-Provence: Edisud.
1
Sultana, R. 2001. Les défis de l’enseignement supérieur dans les pays méditerranéens. Monde arabe
Maghreb-Machrek, 171–172 (June 2001),26–41.
UNDP 2003. Arab Human Development Report 2003: Building a Knowledge Society. New York:
United Nations Development Program Regional Bureau for Arab States.
Waast, R. 2008. Study on National Research Systems. Draft Regional Report on Arab Countries,
UNESCO. [Available at: www.unesco.org]
Zahlan, A. B. 1999. The Arabs and the Challenges of Science and Technology: Progress without
Change. Beirut: Centre for the Study of Arab Unity.
Zahlan, A. B. 2006. Arab Society as Knowledge Society: Essay Review. Minerva, n° 44, 103-112.
1.2
Journals:
Science Technology & Society (Sage publishers) specializes in “Science in the developing World”.
Several issues have dealt with one or several Arab countries; and a special issue is
forthcoming.

The International Journal of Middle East Studies (USA),

The British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (UK),

La Revue 3M Monde arabe Maghreb-Machrek, (France) ; Ex. revue Maghreb-Machrek.

La REMMM (Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée) (France, Aix en P)

The Middle East Brief (Crown Center)
All specialize in North Africa or/and West Asia.. They may have papers (though much less regularly
than decades ago) on S&T or R&D.

International Higher Education

The Chronicle of Higher Education

The International Handbook of Higher Education, (Dordrecht)
Specialize in Higher Education (with sporadic but useful news of R&D)
For recent news of Science all over the developing world, a constantly useful website is :
http://www.scidev.net/dossiers
2
See also (on specific aspects):
Barré, R., Hernandez, V., Meyer, J.B. & Vinck, D. 2003. Scientific Diasporas (Diasporas scientifiques),
Paris: IRD, 197p + Cd Rom.
Longuenesse, E. (Ed.), 1990. Batisseurs et bureaucrates : Ingénieurs et société au Maghreb et au
Moyen orient. Lyon : Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen (Sindbad diffusion), 436p.
Moore, C. H. 1973. Images of Development: Egyptian Engineers in Search of Industry. CambridgeMassachusetts & London: The MIT Press.
And constantly useful websites for Agricultural research:
www.icarda.cgiar.org/NARS
www.asti.cgiar.org
1.3 Reports
Some periodical Reports are useful, with updated information and useful analysis:
UNDP: Human Development Report (yearly) and:
UNDP: Arab Human Development Report (periodical) and:
UNDP: Human Development: Arab Country Reports (sporadic)
[especially Arab Human Development reports: 2002 and 2003]
See also (on specific aspects):
World Bank: World development report (yearly);
also World Bank: Country briefs, and: Policy research Working Papers
World Economic Forum: The World Competitiveness Report (yearly)
[especially: The Arab World Competitiveness Report 2002-2003, New-York: Oxford UP]
National Science Foundation: USA. [especially 2006. Science and Engineering indicators]
UNESCO:
-
Global Education Digest (periodically)
-
World Science Reports (or World Social Sciences Reports): sporadically
See also: UNESCO-Institute of Statisitics for an update of the data and specific reports such as:
-
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 2005. Comparing Education Statistics Across the
World. Montreal: UIS, 157 pages.
3
Other potential sources:
The UN-ESCWA at some time spent a lot of efforts to foster analysis of R&D assets and issues in the
region. Tough this matter seems dormant, noteworthy Reports remain:
-
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia—UNESCO .1998a. Research and
Development System in the Arab States: Development of Science and Technology
Indicators 1998 (Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia/Technology/
1998/Review No. 1 & 3). New York and Beirut: UN-ESCWA.
-
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) .1999a. Science and
Technology Policies and Strategies for the Twenty-first Century. New York: United
Nations.
-
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) 1999b. ‘ESCWA
Proceedings of the Expert Group Meeting on Science and Technology Policies and
Strategies for the Twenty-first Century, Beirut, 10–12 March 1999’. E/ESCWA/
TECH/1999/8/Rev. 1, UN, New York.
The Arab Science and Technology Foundation organizes each 2 years a regional Conference on the
“Scientific Research Outlook (SRO)” of the Region. The detailed programme of the
Conferences are available, and contacts with the authors may be established
through the Foundation at http://www.astf.net
The Arab Fund for Economic and Social development may organize events and commission research
about the state and prospects of R&D (though it did not recently). It has published in
(2002), The Unified Arab Economic Report
See also: The Arab League and ALECSO
European sources are developing. See for example:
-
European Commission (2005) Annual Innovation Policy trends for the MED-Zone
countries: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, The Palestinian Authority, Syria &
Tunisia. in the European Trend Chart on Innovation Series.
Finally, an important resource for the whole area (except the Gulf countries) is the European Project
ESTIME, which assessed in 2006-2008 the S&T capabilities in eight Mediterranean countries (from
Morocco to Lebanon and Syria). A wealth of update data, drawn from the officials in charge in each
country, and analyses concerning countries, sub-regions and the whole zone are available at:
http://www.estime.ird.fr They can generally be unloaded, free of charge
Examples are:
Laville F. and Thèves J. 2007. Country Leaflets: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria,
Tunisia. Paris: OST, prepared for the ESTIME project. [Available at
http://www.estime.ird.fr/]
4
Rossi P. L. and Waast R. 2007. Scientific production in sub-disciplines - 1995-2003 (Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia,
Egypt,
Lebanon,
Jordan,
Syria).
[Available
at:
http://www.estime.ird.fr/article238.html]
2.
Sub Regions
Some important References, more “sub-region specific” are:
2.1
Maghreb
(See also: “General”)
Geisser, V. (Ed.), 2000. Diplômés Maghrébins d’ici et d’ailleurs. Paris: CNRS
Khelfaoui, H. (Ed.), 2006. L’intégration de la science au développement. Paris: Publisud, 246p.
Vermeren, P. 1996. Ecole, élite et pouvoir au Maroc et en Tunisie au XXe siècle. Rabat : Alizés, 582p.
2.1.1
Journals:
L’Année du Maghreb
Maghreb-Machrek
See also the Science Technology & Society journal about Algeria [9 (1)], Morocco and Tunisia [8 (2)],
Egypt.
2.2
Machrek
(See also: “General”)
Badran, A. 2000. Science and Technology in the Arab Region: Future prospects. Amman: Shoman
Foundation.
Fergany, N. 1999. Science and Research for Development in the Arab Region. Cairo: Almishkat Centre
for Research. [Available at: http://www.almishkat.org/publst.htm]
Mermier, F. 2005. Le Livre et la Ville. Paris: Sindbad, 245p.
Zahlan, A.T. 2004. Research and Technology Development in the Arab World: How can Arab
Capabilities Overcome Current Weaknesses? Al-Mustaqbal-Al-Arabi, N° 307, 76-98.
Journal Le Monde, Etats du Golfe : la renaissance arabe, N° hors série, mars 2009.
2.2.1
Journals
Egypte / Monde Arabe
Maghreb-Machrek
5
International Journal of Middle East Studies
British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
2.2.2
Other sources (websites)
www.cedej.org.eg
www.ifpo.org.lb
2.2.3
GCC Countries
(See also: “General”)
Chapin, M. H. (Ed.), 1994. Persian Gulf States: Country Studies (3rd Ed.).
Cordesman, A. H. 1997. Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, and the UAE.
Gause, F. G. III. 1994. Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States.
Ghabra, S. & Arnold, M. 2007. Studying the American Way: An Assessment of American-Style Higher
Education in Arab Countries. Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Focus
no. 71, June 2007.
Herb, M. 1999. All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern
Monarchies.
Mill, A. 2009. Failure of George Mason U.’s Persian Gulf Campus Sparks Concerns about Overseas
Ventures. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 55(27), (March 2009).
Morsi, M. 1990. Education in the Arab Gulf States. Doha, Qatar: University of Qatar, Educational
Research Center.
Willoughby, J. 2008. Let a Thousand Models Bloom: Forging Alliances with Western Universities and
the Making of the New Higher Education System in the Gulf. Working Paper Series
no. 2008-01. Washington, DC: American University, Department of Economics.
Zahlan, R.S. 1998. The Making of the Modern Gulf States, rev. and updated ed.
3.
Countries
3.1
Algeria
3.1.1
Articles & books
El Kenz, A. & Waast, R. 1997. Sisyphus or the scientific communities in Algeria. In J. Gaillard, V. V.
Krishna & R. Waast (Eds.), Scientific Communities in the Developing World, (pp. 5380). New Delhi: Sage.
6
El Kenz, A. 1997. Prometheus and Hermes. In T. Shinn, J. Spaapen & V. Krishna (Eds.), Science and
Technology in a Developing World, (pp. 323-347). Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer.
Coll. Sociology of the Sciences, vol 19).
Khelfaoui, H. 2004. Scientific Research in Algeria: Institutionalisation vs Professionalisation. Science,
Technology & Society, 9(1),76-101, Sage Publications.
Khelfaoui, H. 2000. Les Ingénieurs dans le système éducatif: l’aventure des Instituts Technologiques
algériens. Paris: Publisud, 218p.
Khelfaoui, H. 2000. L’état des sciences en Algérie. Paris: IRD (Coll. Les sciences en Afrique). [Available
at : http://www.ird.fr/fr/science/dss/]
Labidi, D. 1992. Science et Pouvoir en Algérie. Alger: OPU.
Oukil, M. S. 1996. Transfer of Technology to Algeria by National Living Abroad. In G. Zawdie & A.
Djeflat (Eds), Technology and Transition: the Maghreb at the crossroads. UK: A. Frank
Cass and Company Limited.
Remaoun, N. (Ed.), 2002. L’enseignement supérieur et la Recherche scientifique en Algérie de 1962 à
2002. Alger: Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur.
Rostaing, H., Leveille, V. & Yacine, B. 2001. Bibliometric Study as an objective vision of the Algerian
Scientific Research Practices. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on
Scientometrics and Informetrics, Australia.
Sid Ahmed, A. 2004. Le développement asiatique: quels enseignements pour les pays arabes? Paris :
Publisud, 169p.
Waast, R. 1993. Médecine et recherche en Algérie. In B. Curmi & S. Chiffoleau (Eds.), Médecins
et protection sociale dans le monde arabe. Beyrouth: CERMOC [Cahiers du CERMOC
n° 5]
3.1.2
Reports
See also above the “General” and the “Sub-region” sections
African Development Bank 2006. Selected Statistics on African Countries.
Library of Congress: Federal Research Division. 2006. Country Profile: Algeria. [Available at:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Algeria.pdf]
National
Department
of
Agriculture
2002.
Annual
Report.
http://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Annual2002/Part3_7.pdf]
[Available
at:
OECD 2005. African Economic Outlook 2004/2005: Algeria.
World Bank 2004. Middle East & North Africa Region (MENA). Algeria Country Brief.
3.1.3
Websites
www.estime.ird.fr
7
3.2
Bahrain
See also above the “General” and the “Sub-region” sections
James, H.D. Belgrave, Welcome to Bahrain, (With a bibliography).
Bulloch, J. 1984. The Persian Gulf Unveiled (also published as The Gulf, 1984)
Fougerousse, M. 1984. Bahreïn: un exemple d’économie post pétrolière au Moyen Orient. Paris:
l’Instant durable.
Nour, S. S. 2005. Science and Technology Development Indicators in the Arab Region: A Comparative
Study of Arab Gulf and Mediterranean Countries. Science Technology Society, 10(2),
249-275, Sage Publications.
UNDP 2000. Bahrain: Achievements and Challenges of Human Development (Coll. : Country Report,
Human Development)
UNDP 2001 Bahrain: Education and Labour Market Challenges of Human Development (Coll. :
Country Report, Human Development)
Whelan, J. (Ed.), 1983. Bahrain.
3.3
Egypt
ALECSO 1989. A Strategy for the Development of Science and Technology in the Arab Nations: The
General report and the Sectoral Strategies. Beirut: The Centre for Arab Unity Studies.
ASRT 1990. Science and Technology Development in Egypt: Ten years review and outlook (19821992). Cairo: ASRT.
Farag, I. 2006. Egypt. In International Handbook of Higher Education, (pp. 693–709).
Hubaysh, A. A. No date. Absorpion of Technology and Contemporary Challenges. Cairo: ASRT.
Moore, C. H. 1973. Images of Development: Egyptian Engineers in Search of Industry. CambridgeMassachusetts & London: The MIT Press.
Radi, S. 2005. La recherche scientifique et l’enseignement supérieur en Egypte. Cairo : CEDEJ. (Coll. :
Etudes et Documents, n° 19).
Zahlan, A. 1997. Scientific Communities in Egypt: Emergence and Effectiveness. In J. Gaillard, V. V.
Krishna & R. Waast (Eds.), Scientific Communities in the Developing World, (pp. 81104). New Delhi: Sage.
3.4
Jordan
Al-Husban, A. 2007. Research in Social Sciences in Jordan, intermediate report for ESTIME, 56p.
[Available at: http://www.estime.ird.fr]
Al-Kenz, A.
2005. Les sciences sociales dans les
http://www.estime.ird.fr/article50.html]
pays
arabes.
11p.
[Available
at:
8
Alouran, N. M. 2006. Research in the Exact Sciences in Jordan, intermediate report for ESTIME, 22p.
[Available at: http://www.estime.ird.fr]
Arvanitis, R. (Ed.), 2007. Towards Science and Technology Evaluation in the Mediterranean Countries.
Final Report for the ESTIME project. [Available at: http://www.estime.ird.fr]
Augé, J-C. 1997. Système d’enseignement supérieur et populations étudiantes en Jordanie : pistes de
recherche. Jordanies, (n°3), 127-133.
De Bel-Air, F. 2003. Migrations internationales et politique en Jordanie . Revue européenne des
migrations
internationales,
19
(3).
[Available
at:
http://remi.revues.org/index2651.html.]
Elshuraydeh, K. & Mustafa, I. (Eds.), 2006. Science & Technology and Innovation Profile of Jordan.
Report for Estime Project, Higher Council for Science and Technology, 100p.
[Available at: http://www.estime.ird.fr/article197.html]
IFPO 2007. Répertoire des chercheurs et des centres de recherche Jordanie, Liban, Syrie. 45p.
[Available at: http://www.estime.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/rapport_IFPO_2007.pdf]
Laville, F. & Thèves, J. 2007. Scientific Production : Jordan, Country Leaflet. Observatoire des Sciences
et
des
Technologies,
30p.
[Available
at:
http://www.estime.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/jordan.pdf]
Larzillière, P. (Ed.), 2007. Research in Jordan, Estime Country Report, 54p. [Available at:
http://www.estime.ird.fr]
Larzillière, P. 2008. Sociology from a “Peripheral” Angle. Paper for the symposium organized by
Geoffrey Pleyers Methodology and Research Experience in the Global Age, LSELondon and ICP-Paris, 7-9 February 2008.
Longuenesse, E. 1990. Ingénieurs et marché de l'emploi en Jordanie in Bâtisseurs et bureaucrates:
ingénieurs et société au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient (pp. 127-145). Lyon: Maison
de l'Orient.
Samha, M. 1990. The impact of Migratory Flows on Population Changes in Jordan: a Middle Eastern
Case Study. International Migration, Vol. XXVIII (2), 221-227.
Signoles, A. 2006. Réforme de l'Etat et transformation de l'action publique : Analyse par les
politiques publiques. In E. Picard (Ed.), La politique dans le monde arabe. Paris:
Armand Colin.
United Nations Development Program and Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 2003.
Arab Human Development Report 2003: Building a Knowledge Society. New York:
XVI, +210p.
Wagner, C. S. 2008. The New Invisible College of Science for Development. Washington D.C.:
Brookings Institution Press.
Zahlan, A. B. 1990. Formation et emploi des ingénieurs arabes. In E. Longuenesse (Ed.), Bâtisseurs et
bureaucrates : ingénieurs et société au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient (pp. 111-126).
Collection Etudes sur le monde arabe n°4. Lyon: Maison de l'Orient.
3.5
Kuwait
Cordesman, A. H. 1997. Kuwait: Recovery and Security After the Gulf War.
Crystal, J. 1992. Kuwait: The Transformation of an Oil State.
9
Ishow, H. 1989. Le Koweït: évolution politique, économique et sociale. Paris : Harmattan, 202 p.
Office of Planning- Kuwait University 2007. Annual Follow-up Report 2005/2006.
UNDP 2001. Kuwait: Knowledge Society and Human Development, (Coll.: Country Report, Human
Development).
UNDP 1999. Kuwait: Empowering Human Development Within the Economic reform Plan of the
Government, (Coll. : Country Report:, Human Development).
UNDP 1997. Kuwait: General Human Development Report, (Coll.: Country Report, Human
Development).
3.6
Lebanon
Blanc, P. 2004. La recherche à l’Institut de Recherches Agronomiques Libanais (IRAL): Etat des lieux et
perspectives, 44 pages + annexes.
CNRS-Lebanon 2006. Science, Technology & Innovation Policy (STIP). Beirut: CNRS, 204 pages.
Figuié, G. 2005. Le point sur le Liban 2005. 528 pages.
Gaillard, J. & Gaillard, A. M. 1997. The International Mobility of Brains: Exodus or Circulation?
Introduction to thematic issue, The International Mobility of Brains in Science and
Technology. Science, Technology & Society, 2 (2), 195-228.
ISNAR 1999. The National Agricultural System of Lebanon. ISNAR: WANA NARS Study, 9 pages.
Kasparian, G. 2003. L’entrée des jeunes Libanais dans la vie active et l’émigration. III Les Libanais
émigrés depuis 1975. Beirut: Presses Universitaires Saint-Joseph, 100 pages.
Laville, F. & Thèves J. 2007. Country Leaflet-Lebanon. Paris: OST, 30 pages. Prepared for the ESTIME
project. [Available at: http://www.estime.ird.fr/]
Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MEES) 2007. Statistics on Education and Higher
Education in Lebanon. Beirut: MEES, 112 pages (in Arabic).
NSF 2006. Science and Engineering indicators 2006.
UNDP 1998 Lebanon: Youth and Development, (Coll.: Country Report, Human Development). New
York: UNDP.
UNDP 2002. Globalization: Towards a Lebanese Agenda, (Coll.: Country Report, Human
Development). New York: UNDP.
UNESCO 2005. Global Education Digest 2005. Comparing Education Statistics Across the World.
Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 157 pages.
3.7
Morocco
Belcadi, S. & Kleiche, M. 2006. Savoir, technologie et innovation. In HDR50: Fifty years of human
development, and prospects for 2025. A retrospective evaluation of human
development in Morocco since its independence and a vision of its possibilities,
initiated
by
His
Majesty,
King
Mohammed
VI.
[Available
at:
www.rdh50.ma/fr/pdf/contributions/GT4-10.pdf]
Belcadi, S. 2006. Country report, Morocco. SCOPE 2015 - Scenarios for Research & Technology
Development
Cooperation
with
Europe.
[Available
at:
http://prest.mbs.ac.uk/prest/SCOPE/documents/National_Report_Morocco_EN.pdf]
10
El Masslout. 1999. La mission inachevée de l’Université marocaine. Casablanca : Toubkal, 312p.
Gaillard, J. & Gaillard, A.M. 2002. Research laboratories in Morocco. An e-questionnaire survey.
[Available at: www.estime.ird.fr/IMG/ppt/QuestsurveyinMoroccoFinal.ppt]
Gérard, E. (Ed.), 2008. Mobilités étudiantes Sud-Nord. Paris: Publisud, 379p.
Kleiche, M. 2003. From generation to cultivation by the state: Progress of Moroccan scientific
research. Science, Technology & Society, 8(2), 283-316.
Kleiche M. & Waast R. 2008. Le Maroc scientifique. Paris: Publisud, 312p.
Khrouz, D., Hajji, A. & Bousetta, M. 2001. The development research environment in Morocco:
Situation and prospects. In E. Rached & D. Craissati (Eds.), Research for Development
in the Middle East and North Africa. International Development Research Centre
(IDRC),
Canada.
[Available
at:
http://archive.idrc.ca/books/focus/930/16khrouz.html]
Laberge, P. 1987. Politiques scientifiques du Maghreb : l’implantation du système scientifique
dans les sociétés maghrébines de 1830 à 1930. Montreal: Université de Montreal
[PhD Thesis].
Ouakrime, M. 2003. Morocco. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African Higher Education: An
international Reference Handbook. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Vermeren, P. 1996. Ecole, élite et pouvoir au Maroc et en Tunisie au XXe siècle. Rabat: Alizés, 582p.
Waast, R. & Kleiche, M. 2009. Evaluation of a National Research System : Morocco. Luxemburg:
Office of the EU Publications [forthcoming].
3.7.1
Agriculture
Besri, M., Kamal, M. & Mourid, M.E. 1999. The national agricultural research system of Morocco.
West Asia & North Africa National Agricultural Research System Study (WANA
NARS), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
[Available at: www.icarda.cgiar.org/NARS/Morocco.pdf]
Stads, G-J. & Kissi, A. 2005. Morocco. ASTI Country Brief No. 27, Agricultural Science and Technology
Indicators Initiative. [Available at: www.asti.cgiar.org/pdf/Morocco_CB27.pdf]
3.7.2
Health
WHO. 2004. A study of national health research systems in selected countries of the WHO Eastern
Mediterranean Region: Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Morocco, Pakistan and Sudan.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo.
[Available at: www.emro.who.int/dsaf/dsa215.pdf]
3.7.3
Evaluation of the research system
Ministère Délégué à la Recherche. 2003. Atelier national sur l’évaluation du système de le recherche
scientifique dans les domaines des sciences exactes, sciences de la vie et sciences
de l’ingénieur – 26 et 27 mai 2003, Rabat , Vol. 1 : Allocutions et Synthèse générale
(61 pages), Vol. 2 : Rapports d’évaluation (554 pages), Vol. 3 : Système national
de recherche scientifique (163 pages), Rabat : Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur
(MESFCRS).
11
MESFCRS. 2003. La Recherche Scientifique: Rapport d’activités et bilan pour l’année 2002-2003.
Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Formation des Cadres et de la
Recherche Scientifique. [Available at: www.minrecherche.gov.ma/etudes/rapport2003.pdf]
Annaki, M. 2001. Quality of training and research… The Moroccan experience. In: Proceedings of the
10th AAU General Conference (pp.43-57). Kenya: Nairobi.
3.7.4
Reports
ADB 2003. Kingdom of Morocco: Country strategy paper 2003-2005. African Development Bank.
[Available
at:
www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/OPERATIONSI
NFORMATION/MOROCCO%20CSP%202003-2005.PDF]
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3.7.5
Other sources on Morocco
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SciDevNet. 2006. Moroccon professors strike over work conditions. 15 November 2006, Science and
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initiative of the European Commission, Enterprise & Industry Directorate General,
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IAU/UNESCO. 2003. International Handbook of Universities (17th edition). International Association
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12
USDA. 2005. The biological diversity, cultural and economic value of medicinal, herbal and aromatic
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Wagner, C.S., Brahmakulam, I., Jackson, B., Wong, A. & Yoda, T. 2001. Science and technology
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3.8
Occupied Palestinian Territories
UNDP. 1999; 2002; 2004. Palestine Human Development Reports, (Coll.: Country Report, Human
Development). New York: UNDP.
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Institutions.
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for
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ESTIME
Project.
[Available
at
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3.9
Oman
Allen, C. H.Jr. 1987. Oman: The Modernization of the Sultanate.
Clements, F. A. (Compiler), 1994. Oman, Rev. and expanded ed. (An annotated bibliography).
Dresch, P. & Piscatori, J. (Eds.), 2005. Monarchies and Nations: Globalisation and Identity in the Arab
States of the Gulf.
Hawley, D.1995. Oman & Its Renaissance, Jubilee ed.
Lavergne, M. & Dumortier, B. (Eds.), 2002. L’Oman contemporain: Etat, territoire, identité, Paris:
Karthala, 300p.
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Valeri, M. 2007. Le Sultanat d’Oman : une révolution en trompe l’œil. Paris : Karthala, 507p.
UNDP. .2003. Oman: Human Development Report, (Coll.: Country Report, Human Development).
New York: UNDP.
3.10
Qatar
Crystal, J. 1995. Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar, updated ed.
Gernelle, E. 2006. Les nouveaux défis du pétrole. Paris : Milan, 64p.
Jouillé, J. L. 1994. Le Qatar. Paris: Edifra, 143p.
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13
UNDP. 2006. Qatar: National Human Development Report, (Coll.: Country Report, Human
Development). New York: UNDP.
Zahlan, R.S. 1979. The Creation of Qatar.
3.11
Saudi Arabia
Krieger, Z. 2007. Saudi Arabia Puts Its Billions behind Western-Style Higher Education. The Chronicle
of Higher Education, 54 (3), September 2007.
2009. L’Arabie Saoudite et la péninsule arabe après le 11 septembre : défis et enjeux d’une région en
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Minerva, 43, 221–44.
Nawaf, E. & Obaid, N.E. 2000. Petroleum Policymaking in Saudi Arabia.
UNDP. 2004. Saudi Arabia: Human Development Report, (Coll.: Country Report, Human
Development). New York: UNDP.
3.12
Syria
ESTIME. 2007. Preparation of the Country report SYRIA. Unpublished document.
Economist Intelligence Unit. 1996 sq. Country Profile(s). London.
European Commission. No date. Scientific Co-operation of the European Union with Mediterranean
Countries. Brussels, DG research (several years).
EU-DG Research. 1998. Syria: S&T Profile.
Fox, R. 1991. The Inner Sea ... The Mediterranean and its People. London.
Longuenesse, E. 2007. Professions et société au Proche-Orient : déclin des élites, crise des classes
moyennes. Rennes : Presses Universitaires de Rennes.
3.13
Tunisia
Benabdallah,
S.
No
date.
Foresight
Scope
2015.
[Available
at:
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Geisser, V. (Ed.), 2000. Diplômés Maghrébins d’ici et d’ailleurs. Paris: CNRS.
Kayamandi, M. No date. Science and Policy in Tunisia. [Available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/newsletter/2002-08]
Lasram, M. 1999. Report on the national system of agricultural research in Tunisia. [Available at:
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14
Mazzela, S. 2007. Une ‘libéralisation d’État’ de l’enseignement supérieur? Mutations internationales
et évolutions Maghrébines, (pp. 15–22). Alfa, Tunis: Institut de Recherche sur le
Maghreb Contemporain.
Siino, F. 2003. Tunisian Science in Search of Legitimacy. Science Technology & Society, 8 (2), pp. 261281, Sage Publications.
Stads, J. G., Allani, S. & Mounir, H. M. 2006. Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators. Asti
Country Brief No. 29 , January 2006.
3.13.1
Useful websites
ASTI http://www.asti.cgiar.org/
ISI database http://www.isiwebofknowledge.com/
MSRTCD
Ministry of Scientific
www.mrstdc.gov.tn
Research,
Technology
and
Competency
Development
OECD African Outlook Report http://www.oecd.org/dev/publications/africanoutlook
UNDP http://www.undp.org
USPTO http://www.uspto.gov
WEF http://www.weforum.org
3.13.2
Technoparks
Technopark of Sousse www.technopole-sousse.rnrt.tn
Technopark of Borj Cedria www.ecopark.rnrt.tn
Technopark of Sidi Thabet www.technopole-sidi-thabet.rnrt.tn
Technopark of Sfax www.technopole-sfax.rnrt.tn
Technopark of El Ghazala www.elgazalacom.nat.tn
3.13.3
Research centres under supervision of the Ministry
National Centre for Scientific and Technical Documentations www.cnudst.rnrt.tn
Research Centre for Economic and Social Studies www.ceres.rnrt.tn
National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies www.cnstn.rnrt.tn
Biotechnology Centre of Sfax www.cbs.rnrt.tn
National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies www.instm.rnrt.tn
National Research Centres of Borj Cedria www.inrst.rnrt.tn
National Research Institute for Physico-chemical Analyses www.inrap.rnrt.tn
Arid Regions Institute www.ira.rnrt.tn
15
3.14
United Arab Emirates
Cadène, P. 2008. Société de la connaissance et politique de développement aux Emirats Arabes unis.
Maghreb-Macgrek, N° 195.
Dumortier, B. & Cadène, P. (Eds.), 2008. Mondialisation et Société de la connaissance aux Emirats
Arabes Unis, N° special Maghreb-Macgrek, N° 195, printemps 2008, 142p.
Heard-Bey, F. 1999. Les Emirats arabes unis. Paris : Karthala, 494p.
Krieger, Z .2007. Dubai, Aiming to Be an Academic Hub. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 54(8)
(October 2007).
Marchal, R. 2001. Dubaï, cité globale. Paris : CNRS, 134p.
UNDP. 1997. United Arab Emirates: General Human Development Report, (Coll.: Country Report,
Human Development). New York: UNDP.
Zahlan, R. S. 1978. The Origins of the United Arab Emirates.
16