docIngaruka z`igitugu cya Kagame na FPR
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Ingaruka z`igitugu cya Kagame na FPR
IKINYAMAKURU KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA Kampanye Uburyo FPR inaniza ishoramari mu Rwanda Umwaka VIII: No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, B.P 4353 Kigali-Rwanda. Tel: 0788354880. E-mail: [email protected]. Frw 500, Ush 1500, Fbu 1000, Kopi: 5000 Amayobera muri 'Affaire' Mutsindashyaka Aba Perezida 12 b'abanyagitugu ► 2010: Ingabire Victoire atangiriye mu Burayi muri Afurika ► Kagame we aciye 'sens unique', ahereye mu ntara, RDF, Polisi, BNR na Kaminuza y'u Rwanda Ingaruka z'igitugu cya Kagame na FPR Impamvu komisiyo y'matora ikwiye kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo This is a Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG) Publication. B.P. 4353 Kigali - Rwanda, Telefone. 0788354880, Email: [email protected]. Printed by The New Vision Urup. 2 UMUSESO No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, AMAKURU IBIRIMO Amayobera muri ‘affaire’ UKO MBYUMVA Didas M. Gasana arakwereka impamvu komisiyo y'amatora ikwiye kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo....P.4 IBIMBABAZA Charles B. Kabonero arerekana uruhare rwa FPR mu kunaniza ishoramari....P.14 Umwanditsi aragaragaza uburyo abanyarwanda barushwa agaciro na sosiyete z'abikorera ku giti cyabo... P.16 Umwanditsi arerekana ko imbaraga nyinshi zitangiza aba Perezida gusa, ko n'abana babo ari uko...P.11 Mutsindashyaka Theoneste T heoneste Mutsindashyaka, wahoze ari umunyamabagnag wa Leta muri minisiteri y’uburezi, ushinzwe amashuri mato n’ayisumbuye, yagombaga kwitaba urukiko rw’ibanze rwa Kacyiru ku wa 27 Kanama 2009, ariko siko byagenze. Mutsindashyaka, yagombaga kwisobanura ku ruhare akekwa kuba yaragize mu itangwa ry’isoko ryo kubaka ibiro by’intara y’iburasirazuba. Iki cyemezo cyo guhamagaza Theoneste Mutsindashyaka mu rukiko, kikaba cyari cyarafashwe na Perezida w’urukiko, Claudine Nyiramikenke. Nyuma y’iki cyemezo, nubwo ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje kugaragaza ko budafite ibimenyetso bihagije byo gukeka ko Mutsindashyaka yakurikiranwaho icyaha, umushinjacyaha mukuru wungirije, Alphonse Hitiyaremye, yatangarije itangazamakuru ko ubushinjacyaha bumaze kubona ibimenyetso bihagije byo kugeza Mutsindashyaka mu rukiko. Kuri uwo munsi ariko, ntabwo ubushinjacyaha bwagejeje imbere y’urukiko Theoneste Mutsindashyaka na bagenzi be ari bo Mukasine Marie Claire, Alexis Karani na Jean Marie Vianney Makombe, nkuko urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Kacyiru rwari rwabitegetse. Ibi byatunguye cyane abunganira abaregwa muri uru rubanza, basanga ari ugusuzugura ku buryo bukabije itegeko ry'urukiko. Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwarabwiye urukiko ko bugikomeza iperereza kuri Mutsindashyaka. Kandi ko aho rigeze ribereka ko batazamuregera urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Kacyiru. Naho bagenzi be twavuze haruguru bo, ubushinjacyaha busanga nta mpamvu yo kubakurikirana. Iki cyemezo cy’ubushinjacyaha cyakuruye impaka cyane mu rukiko, zamaze amasaha icumi. Abunganira abaregwa muri uru rubanza barimo Me Francois Rwangampuhwe, bagaragarije urukiko ko niba Mutsindashyaka Theoneste, Mukasine M. Claire, Karani Alexis na Makombe JMV, badakurikiranwe ko abo bunganira nabo bakwiye kurekurwa. Cyakora, bamwe mu bakurikiranye uru rubanza basanga ruzamera nk'urw'umunyemari Mutsindashyaka. (Photol Archives) Kalisa Gakuba Alfred wayoboraga Banki ya BCDI, aho yakurikiranwaga wenyine, abandi banyamigabane ba BCDI bagakingirwa ikibaba. Kalisa ubu abarizwa muri Gereza nkuru ya Kigali. Urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Kacyiru, rwavuze ko ruzatangaza umwanzuro kuri icyi kibazo niba Mutsindashyaka Theoneste na bagenzi be bakwiye gukuriranwa, ku wa 03 Nzeri 2009. Twibutse ko, nkuko bigaragazwa n’impapuro nshinjabyaha zagejejwe n’ubushinjacyaha mu rukiko ku wa 23 Nyakanga 2009, Mutsindashyaka akekwaho kuba yarabwiye Alexis Mugarura ko yatsindiye isoko, mbere yuko uwaritsindiye atangazwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amasoko ya Leta (Rwanda Public Procurement Authority). Alexis Mugarura niwe nyiri Entreprise Mugarura Alexis, yatsindiye iryo soko ryo kubaka ibiro by’intara y’iburasirazuba. Kuba akekwaho ayo manyanga ariko, ntibyabujije ubushinjacyaha kuvuga ko nta bimenyetso bihagije bafite byo kumushinja icyaha. Ibyo bikubiye mu ibaruwa umushinjacyaha Mukantagengwa, yandikiye Perezida w’urukiko, Claudine, ku wa 11 Kanama 2009. Urukiko rwo rusanga Mutsindashyaka agomba kwitaba urukiko kuko afite aho ahuriye n’urubanza ubushinjacyaha buregamo Gasana Charles, wahoze ari umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’intara y’uburasirazuba, ndetse na Vincent Gatwabuyenge, wahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru muri minisiteri y’ibikorwa remezo. Abo bombi baregwa kuba barishyuye Entreprise Mugarura amafaranga y’inyongera, arenga ku yo bari bumvikanye mu masezerano, kandi batabifitiye ububasha. Ubushinjacyaha bushinja Mugarura kuba yaratsindiye isoko rya miliyari imwe na miliyoni magana arindwi, ariko akaza gusaba andi mafaranga y’inyongera agera kuri miliyari imwe n’igice, mu gihe amategeko ateganya ko amafaranga y’inyongera adashobora kurenga 20% y’igiciro cyemeranyijweho bwa mbere. Amayobera n’ubutabera mu Rwanda Kuba urukiko rwarategetse Mutsindashyaka kurwitaba ntibikorwe, byibutsa ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2007, ubwo Chantal Werabe, yahamazaga abagize board ya BCDI yose mu rubanza Kalisa Alfred yaregwagamo, ariko ntibitabe. Nyuma Chantal Werabe yaje kwivana muri uru rubanza. Izi ngero zombie, ni ikimenyetso simusiga ko ubutabera bwo mu Rwanda buvangura, cyangwa se butigenga- aho ubushinjacyaha busuzugura icyemezo cy’urukiko. Ingingo ya 121 y’itegeko No 20/2006 ryo kuwa 22 Mata 2006, rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko No 13/2004 ryo kuwa 17 Gicurasi 2004, ryerekeranye n’imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha (Penal procedure), ivuga ko urukiko rufite ububasha bwo gutegeka ikurikiranwa ry’umuntu runaka ukekwaho ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha runaka mu gihe rubona ko hari ibimenyetso. Igika cya kabiri giha Perezida w’urukiko ububasha bwo guhamagaza abafatanyacyaha mu gihe ubushinjacyaha budafite ubushake bwo kubakurikirana. Muri izo manza ebyiri, niko byagenze, ariko ibyabaye kuri izo manza zombie, ni ikimenyetso cyuko amategeko mu Rwanda, ari ay’ibitabo gusa. Na none kandi, Hitiyaremye kuvuga ko ubushinjacyaha bumaze kubona ibimenyetso bihagije byo gushyikiriza ubutabera Mutsindashyaka, hanyuma ku munsi w’urubanza, ubushinjacyaha bukavuga ko bugikora iperereza, si ukwivuguruza gusa, ahubwo bihishe byinshi, ariko amaherezo bizajya ahagaragara ejobundi kuwa kane, tariki ya 03 Nzeli 2009. Didas M. Gasana UMUSESO Urup. 3 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, AMAKURU 2010: Ingabire Victoire atangiriye mu Burayi, Kagame anyuze ‘sens unique’ B uri sekonda ihise, buri munota uhise, buri saha ihise, buri munsi uciye ikibu, igihe kiragenda gisatira umunsi w’amatora ya Perezida wa Repubulika mu Rwanda. Nubwo umunsi nyirizina utarashyirwa ahagaragara, ikizwi nuko ateganijwe mu kwezi kwa Nzeli 2010. Ku bantu biyemeje guhatanira ‘kuba abagaragu ba rubanda’, iminsi iragenda amasigamana. Abo barimo Victoire Umuhoza Ingabire, Perezida wa Forces Démocratiques unifiées (FDU-Inkingi) na Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, akaba na Perezida wa FPR Inkotanyi. Nubwo ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi ritaratangaza ku mugaragaro uzafata ibendera ryayo mu matora, ukuri kwambaye ubusa ni uko Perezida Kagame ari we uzongera kwiyamamaza no kwamamazwa n’iryo shyaka kongera kuyobora (cyangwa ni ugutegeka) u Rwanda, nyuma yo kurangiza manda ye ya mbere y’imyaka 7. Hagati aho ariko, si Ingabire Victoire na Paul Kagame baharanira intebe yo mu Rugwiro gusa. Kugeza ubu, abandi ni nk’Umwami Kigeli Ndahindurwa, wamaze no gushyiraho itsinda rigamije kwiga itahuka rye, rikuriwe na Dr. Christian Marara. Mu bandi bavugwaho kuzitabira amatora y’umwaka utaha, hari Deo Mushayidi wa PDP ndetse n’ishyaka rya Parti Liberal, riyobowe na Protais Mitali. Ariko muri abo bose, abamaze kwigaragaza muri kampanye, nubwo bamwe ari sens unique, ni Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza na Paul Kagame. Ingabire Victoire wa FDU Inkingi, kugeza ubu ugiharanira kubona Passeport y’u Rwanda, ubu ari muri kampanye ku mugabane w’u Burayi. Aho aherutse mu minsi ishize ni mu guhugu cya Espanye, aho yagiranye ibiganiro na Perezida wa Mallorca, ndetse n’itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga. ► ‘Kagame ahereye mu ntara, RDF, Polisi, BNR na UNR’ ► FDU ishobora kwifatanya n’andi mashyaka ya opozisiyo Muri urwo ruzinduko rwa Ingabire Victoire, yongeye gushimangira ko ishyaka ayoboye rya FDU Inkingi rizahatana mu matora ya Perezida w’igihugu, ryaba ryonyine, cyangwa se rifatanyije n’andi mashyaka ya opozisiyo. Twibutse ko ishyaka FDU Inkingi ryatangaje ku mugaragaro ko rizahatana mu matora ya Perezida wa Repubulika mu nama ya ‘bureau executif’ yaryo yabaye muri Nzeli 2008. Mu ruzinduko yagiriye mu gihugu cya Espanye, ndetse no mu biganiro n’ibitanganzamakuru binyuranye, Ingabire yagarutse ku bibazo bikomeye biri mu Rwanda, birimo inzara mu duce tw’igihugu nko mu Bugesera na Kibungo, nkuko byagaragajwe na raporo ya Banki nyafurka itsura amajyambere iherutse, ndetse n’ikibazo cy’ubusumbane mu by’ubukungu mu Rwanda, bituma abaturage barushaho gukena. Yagarutse kandi ku mpunzi z’abanyarwanda zahunze nyuma y’intambara yo mu 1994 zikomeje kwanga gutahuka kubera impamvu zitandukanye, ndetse n’abakomeje guhunga igihugu, nabo kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Yagarutse kandi ku buryo Leta ya Kagame ikomeje kuniga ubwisanzure bwa sosiyete sivile, ndetse na opozisiyo muri rusangeikimenyeso cyuko nta demokarasi iriho mu Rwanda. Ishyaka rya FDU Inkingi risanga gushinyiriza, kwemera akaje cyangwa se kureka ibintu bikaguma uko biri (statu quo) witwaje inzitizi kugira ngo utagira icyo ukora, ari ugutiza umurindi ingoma. Nta cyizere ko amatora azakorwa mu mucyo Victoire Ingabire n’ishyaka ay- Pereziza Kagame. (Photol Archives) oboye nta cyizere bafite ko amatora ya Perezida wa Repubulika azakorwa mu mucyo, ariko kandi basanga badashobora gutegereza icyo cyizere, kuko basanga ntakizabaho. Ishyaka rya FDU Inkingi risanga gutegerereza icyo cyizere, rikaguma rikora opozisiyo hanze y’u Rwanda, ari uguha amahirwe ishyaka rya FPR riri kubutegetsi, akaba ari yo mpamvu ryiyemeje kuza mu Rwanda guhatana. Ishyaka FDU kandi rivuga ko ayo matora akozwe mu mucyo no mu bwisanzure, nta kabuza ryatsinda ayo matora. Bakongeraho kandi ko ayo matora naramuka ariganyijwe, bazayamagana bivuye inyuma. Gusa, ntibagaragaza icyo kuyamagana bizamara. Kagame we aciye ‘sens unique’ Ubusanzwe, Perezida Kagame ni umugaragu w’abanyarwanda, wihaye, akanagirirwa icyizere cyo kuyobora abanyarwanda, bityo agomba kumva ibibazo byabo, akanabafasha kubishakira umuti. Muri uko kumenya ibibazo byabo no kubishakira umuti, agomba kubasura, dore ko bo biba bitaboroheye kumusura. Hari abasanga ingendo amazemo iminsi ari byo Victoire Ingabire. (Photol Archives) zigamije, ariko hari n’abasanga ari ukwiyamamaza mu nzira ya ‘sens unique’. Ku buperezida bwe, nta na rimwe Perezida Kagame yari yasura ahantu hatandatu mu minsi itarenze 7, akaba ariyo mpamvu abasesengura hafi politiki n’imitegekere ya Kagame, basanga Kagame yaratangiye kampanye y’amatora ku mugaragaro. Mu minsi mike ishize, Perezida Kagame yasuye intara y’uburasirazuba, mu karere ka Nyagatare. Akivayo, yasuye ibiro bikuru by’ingabo z’igihugu (RDF), akurikizaho polisi y’igihugu, akurikizaho BNR, akurikizaho Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, akurikizaho akarere ka Nyamagabe. Mu magambo y’umunyapolitiki umwe ukomoka mu ishyaka rya PSD, ariko utarashatse ko amazina ye ashyirwa ahagaragara, izo ngendo za Perezida Kagame zigamije gushakisha amajwi. Aganira n’Umuseso ku wa 25 Kanama 2009, uwo munyepolitiki yagize ati: “Yego n’ubundi Perezida asura ibigo n’uturere, ariko uyu murava urenze gusura nyirizina. Ni ama- jwi nta kindi.” Uwo munyepolitiki afite ukuri mu byo avuga. Iyo umuntu asesenguye abamotari bizihiza imyaka 6 bitoreye Perezida Kagame, akareba itorero ry’igihugu, akareba ingando z’abajyanama b’ubuzima b’imirenge yose igize u Rwanda, abona ko ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ryatangiye kampanye mu buryo butaziguye. Abakandida ku munzani Uko bihagaze kugeza ubu ariko, abakandida bamaze gutangaza ko bazahatana mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu- kuva kuri Deo Mushayidi na PDP ye, Ingabire Victoire wa FDU, Kigeli Ndahindurwa, dukurikije imyiteguro yabo kugeza ubu, nta n’umwe ufite political capital zihagije ku buryo batsinda umukandida wa FPR. Nubwo FPR ifite amakosa menshi yakoze mu myaka imaze itegetse u Rwanda, nubwo yabeshye abanyarwanda byinshi, nubwo yateshutse ku byo yemereye abanyarwanda, nubwo yateshutse ku nshingano zayo, hari abanyarwanda bagira bati: “naba na Kagame.” Ibi bikiyongeraho ubujiji bw’abanyarwanda, aho usanga abanyarwanda bajya mu matora by’umuhango, bagatora bagendeye ku marangamutima, batumva ko ijwi ryabo ari ryo merekezo yabo. Ibi bikiyongeraho n’ubwobaabanyarwanda bumva ko badatoye FPR, bizabaviramo ibibazo, bakayitora bigura, kubera gutinya ‘coercive instruments of the state’, zirimo gutinya guhura na politiki y’urusyo. Na none kandi, abo bakandida bahanganye na FPR bashoboye gukora kampanye igaragara, cyangwa se hakavumbuka undi wiyemeje guhatana ku buryo bugaragara, niyo batsinda FPR, ‘probability’ yuko FPR yakwiba amajwi iraruta ko yakwemera ibivuye mu matora- kandi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyiba. Didas M. Gasana UMUSESO Urup. 4 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, UKO MBYUMVA IKINYAMAKURU KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA Umuyobozi mukuru Charles B. Kabonero Cell: 0788354880 Umwanditsi mukuru Didas M. Gasana Cell: 0788691253 Dore Uko Tubibona Ubutabera burobanura si ubutabera B byagenze. ibaye ubugira kabiri. Habanje urubanza rwa Alfred Gakuba Kalisa, aho urukiko rwategetse ko abagize inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI bose bitaba urukiko, ariko siko Na none, mu rubanza ubushinjacyaha buregamo Charles Gasana, Vincent Gatwabuyenge na Alexis Mugarura, urukiko rwategetse ko Theoneste Mutsindashyaka, Marie Claire Mukasine, Alexis Karani na Jean Marie Vianney Makombe, bitaba urukiko kubera ubufatanyacyaha bakekwaho, ariko siko byagenze. Ibi bigaragaza ibintu byinshi, birimo gusuzugura ibyemezo by’inkiko, gukingira ikibaba no gutesha agaciro itegeko nshinga rivuga ko abantu bose bareshya imbere y’amategeko. Ibi nibyo itangazamakuru ryigenga rikunze kugaragaza. Ibi nibyo imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ikunze kugarukaho, abategetsi b’u Rwanda bati abo ni abanzi b’u Rwanada. FPR ihora ibwira abanyarwanda ko mu Rwanda hari demokarasi, ubutabera, uburenganzira bwa muntu, ariko mu by’ukuri, izo manza ebyiri, ni imwe muri za gihamya nyinshi zigaragaza ko ibyo byose ntabihari mu Rwanda. Amategeko arobanura, abantu batareshya imbere y’amategeko, ni ikimenyetso cy’ubutabera buvangura, kandi ntabwo bikwiye kwitwa ubutabera. Ubwanditsi Impamvu komisiyo y’amatora ikwiye kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo M u kinyamakuru Umuseso, No 355, kuri uru rupapuro, nanditse igitekerezo gifite umutwe igira uti: “Impamvu ntazitabira amatora yo mu 2010.” Muri icyo gitekerezo, nagaragaje impamvu nyinshi zituma njye mbona ko kwitabira amatora, ari uguta umwanya, ariko nagaragaza ko ntagamije gukangurira abanyarwanda kutayitabira. Zimwe muri izo mpamvu harimo ko ayo matora atazanyemerera guhitamo aho igihugu kigana, kuko kugeza ubu, abamaze gutangaza ko bazahatana, badafite ubushobozi n’amahirwe angana yo gutsinda. Indi mpamvu, ni imitegekere y’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rya FPR, yo gukoresha instruments of coercion mu gukanda abatavuga rumwe nayo, kutemera kunengwa, kandi iri niryo shingiro rya demokarasi n’ubwisanzure mu kwiyamamaza mu matora; kuko nta kundi uwahangana na FPR yayitsinda, ateretse abanyarwanda ibyo FPR yananiwe gukora. Impamvu ya gatatu, ni ukutigenga kwa komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora, naho iya nyuma nagaragaje ikaba ari imiterere ya sosiyete nyarwanda- kuba batajijutse ku buryo bagomba kumva ko ari bo ba nyiri ubutegetsi. Ikibazo gikomeye cyane muri ibyo bibazo byose, ndetse bimwe muri ibyo bibazo byose binashingiyeho, ni imiterere no kutigenga kwa komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora. Ibi byo si mu Rwanda gusa, biri hose mu bihugu bitaratera imbere muri demokarasi. Ariko mu Rwanda ho ni urucabana. Igikorwa cy’amatora, ni kimwe mu bipimo fatizo mpuzamahanga bya demokarasi kuko ari bwo buryo bwonyine abaturage bashobora kuba ba nyiri ubutegetsi, bitorera ababayobora, ijwi ryabo ari ryo jambo rikagira agaciro, kandi abo batoye kubayobora bakaba answerable ku baturage (kubaha raporo). Kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, ni uko urwego rushinzwe amatora ari rwo komisiyo y’amatora igomba kuba yigenga (independent), nta shyaka cyangwa se umuntu n’umwe ibogamiyeho (neutrality). Mu Rwanda ariko siko bimeze. Mu Rwanda, Perezida wa komisiyo y’amatora ari we Prof. Chrisologue Karangwa, ni umwe mu bakomiseri ba FPR. Ntabwo bishobora kumvikana ukuntu Perezida wa komisiyo y’amatora, ashobora kutabogamira ku ishyaka rye mu gihe cy’amatora ndetse na Didas M. GASANA n’imiterere y’ibiva mu matora. Usibye n’ibyo, nkuko twakomeje kubibagaragariza, komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora, yakomeje kwitwara nabi mu gikorwa cy’amatora, haba mu kwica amategeko ayigenga, haba mu kubahirizwa amabwiriza agenga ibarura ry’amajwi, haba uburiganya mu gutangaza ibyavuye mu matora n’ibindi. Twibukiranye ko bimwe mu byatangajwe n’indorerezi zakurikiranye amatora, harimo kudahuza umubare w’amajwi, n’udupapuro tw’itora, ni ukuvuga ngo habayemo uburiganya mu byavuye mu matora. Tom Stoppard ati: “igikorwa cy’amatora sicyo gitanga demokarasi, ahubwo demokarasi ni ibarura ry’amajwi.” (It's not the voting that's democracy; it's the counting). Joseph Stalin nawe yungamo ati: “Those who vote decide nothing; those who count the votes decide everything.” Mu kinyarwanda yagize ati: “Abatora nta kintu na kimwe bahitamo, ababarura amajwi, nibo bahitamo.” Ambrose Bierce we ati: “An election is nothing more than the advanced auction of stolen goods.” Ni ukuvuga ngo amatora ntacyo aricyo usibye guteza cyamunara ibintu byibwe.” Ubwo yavugaga amajwi yibwe, atezwa cyamunara na komisiyo z’amatora, akagurwa n’ufite amafaranga menshi n’imbaraga nyinshi. Izo mpungenge z’abo banyepolitiki batatu zifite ishingiro cyane, kandi zikanahurira ku bwigenge bwa komisiyo z’ibihugu z’amatora. Nkuko natangiye mbivuga, si mu Rwanda gusa Komisiyo y’amatora itigenga. No muri Uganda, Kenya, Zimbabwe, n’ahandi ni uko. Mu matora ya Perezida wa Repubulika aherutse mu gihugu cya Kenya, Perezida wa Komisiyo y’amatora yatangaje ko Perezida Mwai Kibaki ari we watsinze amatora. Nyuma y’amasaha make, uko umuriro wakomezaga kuzamuka kubera amatora, yarivuguruje, avuga ko mu by’ukuri, atazi uwatsinze amatora. Ni ukuvuga ko yari yategetswe uwo ari butangaze ko yatsinze amatora, atazi ibyavuye mu ibarura, kandi akuriye komisiyo y’amatora. Ayo matora ateganyijwe mu mwaka umwe, azatwara akayabo ka miliyari 6, mu gihe mu by’ukuri ibizavamo, ntashobora kwemeza ko bizaba ari ibyifuzo by’abanyarwanda- kubera uko komisiyo yitwaye mu matora ashize. Ndashaka kuvuga iki rero? Mu bihugu byinshi by’Afurika, mpereye ku Rwanda, amakomisiyo y’amatora akwiye kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo. Abikorera ku giti cyabo sinshaka kuvuga Private Sector ya Hategeka Emmanuel, ahubwo ndashaka kuvuga abantu cyangwa se ibigo bidafite aho bihuriye na Leta iriho, cyangwa se abahanganye na Leta. Iki gitekerezo kiragoye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, hariho n’ababona ari inzozi, ariko burya ibintu byabayeho bikomeye ku isi byatangiye ari inzozi (all great developments begin as dreams). Kiragoye kuko abaperezida b’ibyo bihugu batabyemera, ariko nibyo guharanirwa. Njye nsanga umuryango w’abibumbye (nubwo nawo ufite inenge nyinshi), ukwiye gushyiraho ishami ryihariye ryo gutegura amatora mu bihugu bitarangwamo demokarasi, n’u Rwanda rurimo, hakanabaho urukiko mpuzamahanga utishimiye ibyavuye mu matora yaregamo. Amatora nk’aba mu Rwanda, Uganda, cyangwa se ayabaye muri Kenya, cyangwa Zimbabwe, ntacyo amarira abaturage b’ibyo bihugu, ndetse n’uwiyambaje inkiko, ntacyo bimara kuko ubutabera buba bukorera ku gitutu cya guverinoma. Iryo shami ryakurirwa n’abantu babaye intangarugero muri politiki ku isi, nka Nelson Mandela, Jimmy Carter, n’abandi nkabo. Bakoreshwa mu nyungu runaka, hakabaho inzira za ‘legal redress’. Iyo mvuga ibi siko nishimira ko abanyamahanga ari bo bajera destiny yacu, ahubwo, ni uko abategetsi mu bihugu by’igitugu, bananiwe kujera destiny y’ibihugu byabo, kandi n’abenegihugu, nk’u Rwanda, bakaba baremeye akaje. Wowe ubyumva ute? Cellphone: 0788691253 E-mail: [email protected] UMUSESO Urup. 5 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, IBIHE Ibya Senateri Safari biracyayogayoga ►Ishyaka rye PSP mu gihirahiro ►Yashinjaga abandi ingengabitekerezo nawe yaramumunze U yu munyapolitiki w’umusaza wariye ingoma nyinshi, yamenyekanye mu gihe cy’amashyaka menshi ku ngoma ya Habyarimana ari mu Ishyaka MDR, ariko akaba yarakoze imirimo itandukanye nk’umukozi wa Teritwari ya Kibuye mu gihe cy’abakoloni, aba n’umukozi wa Leta mu gihe cy’ubwigenge. Mu gihe cy’inkubiri y’amashyaka nyuma y’ishyaka rukumbi MRND, Safari yagiye muri MDR ivuguruye iretse kuba parimehutu. Mu gihe andi mashyaka yifatanyaga n’interahamwe bakaba power, yaciye ukubiri n’igipande cya Karamira wari uhagarariye MDR power mu mujyi wa Kigali ajya mu gipande cy’abitwaga Amajyojyi cyari gikuriwe na Twagiramungu. Mu gihe ubwicanyi bukaze bwa jenoside bwatangiriraga ku banyepolitiki, ab’ibanze bamushakishije ngo bamwice ni abo bari bafatanyije ishyaka batari bishimiye ko yitandukanyije nabo, maze bajya i Gikondo aho yari atuye bamubuze baramusenyera. Ubwo FPR yari imaze gufata ubutegetsi nyuma ya jenoside, uyu musaza yazanye na bagenzi be bari basigaye barikusanya bongeramo n’abandi bashya, babyutsa MDR abona umwanya mu Nteko Ishingamategeko Umutwe w’Abadepite. Bimaze kugaragara ko MDR ifite ingufu za politiki zishobora kuzabangamira inyungu za FPR, Depite Safari Stanley yarakoreshejwe kugira ngo MDR isenyuke. Byatangiye bicamo ibice, maze Safari induru ayiha umunwa ahimba amagambo mashya, asobanura ko MDR arimo harimo abafite ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, yereka FPR ko, ibitekerezo bya PARIMEHUTU bikiri muri MDR. Yahawe umwanya mu biganiro byinshi kuri Radio Rwanda na televiziyo akora mu muhogo avuga ibibi bya MDR, inama bamwe muri bo bakoresha rwihishwa zirimo ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, maze ibintu birashyuha, bamwe barimo Depite Bizimana Jean Léonard barafungishwa. Muri 2002, ubwo FPR yiteguraga kwinjira mu matora, hadutse ikibazo cyuko ishyaka MDR rifite ingengabitekerezo ya giparimehutu. Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komisiyo y’Umutwe w’Abadepite yari iyobowe na Depite Mukama Abbas kuri iryo shyaka, MDR, bayihaye igihano cyo guseswa, ariko ntibyajyanwa mu rukiko. Mu gihe amashyaka yasabwaga kwiyandikisha bundi bushya, MDR ntiyari kwiyandikisha kandi yarasheshwe. Nyuma y’amatora y’Abadepite mu mwaka wa 2003, Safari Stanley yagororewe umwanya na Perezida Paul Kagame ashyirwa muri Sena aba umusenateri atyo, mu myanya yagenewe abasigajwe inyuma n’amateka. Nk’umunyapolitiki wazobereye mu kuvuga amagambo menshi, mu gihe abari muri MDR birukiraga muri FPR, Safari Stanley yashinze ishyaka rye na bagenzi be bake ashyiramo n’abandi bashya, maze aryita PSP. Ibyo byatumye iryo shyaka rye ribona umwanya umwe mu Nteko Ishingamategeko nyuma y’amatora y’Abadepite aherutse kuba. Gacaca yamuhamije jenoside Nk’uko twabibatangarije, Senateri Safari Stanley yaburanishijwe n’Inteko gacaca yari yaturutse ku Kimironko kuko yari aherutse kwihana inyangamugayo za Butare i Cyarwa, aho yaregwaga ko yakoreye ibyaha. Mu mayeri ye menshi no kumenya kuvuga amagambo menshi neza, abahohotewe bamwe batari baje mu rubanza igihe yari yitabye Inteko, yabajijwe niba yumva urubanza rwakomeza badahari bakazaba baza nyuma. Mu kugaragaza impuhwe zirimo amayeri, yabwiye Inteko ko bakwiye kureka bakazaza bose, bityo bituma basubika urubanza, naho arashakisha uko azitorokera mu mahoro! Ni uko byagenze rero yahise yiyambukira amazi magari aba yiyemeje icyaha atyo, maze gacaca imaze kumva abatangabuhamya n’abafatanyacyaha be, imugenera igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko yitwa adahari. Mbese Itegeko Nshinga ryarubahirijwe? Mu itegeko Nshinga u Rwanda rugenderaho nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 69 agaka ka 2º, havuga ko mu gihembwe nta n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishingamategeko, ukekwaho icyaha cy’ubugome cyangwa gikomeye, ushobora gukurikiranwa cyangwa gufatwa keretse byatangiwe uburenganzira n’Umutwe w’Inteko arimo. Agaka ka 3º karavuga ngo: iyo atari mu gihembwe, nta n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishingamategeko ushobora gufatwa Biro y’Umutwe w’Inteko arimo itabitangiye uburenganzira, keretse yafatiwe mu cyuho akora icyo cyaha cy’ubugome; Biro y’Umutwe arimo waratanze uburenganzira bwo kumukurikirana, cyangwa yaraciwe igihano ku buryo budasubirwaho. Umuntu wese mu bagize Inteko Ishingamategeko waciwe igihano ku buryo budasubirwaho n’urukiko kubera icyaha cy’ubugome ahita asezererwa mu Mutwe w’Inteko arimo, byemejwe n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Ni iyihe ngingo yakurikijwe kuri Senateri Safari Stanley? Umutwe wa Sena wamukuye mu Nteko nyuma ya gacaca! Nyuma y’ibyo byaha bikomeye bya jenoside yavugwagaho, Safari Stanley yari akiri mu Nteko Ishingamategeko Umutwe wa Sena. Aho bamariye kumva ko gacaca yamuhamije icyaha, ndetse ngo bakaba bari bafite n’amakuru bahawe na polisi ko atakiri mu gihugu, byongeye akaba yari amaze iminsi atitabira imirimo y’Inteko, ku itariki ya 10 Kamena 2009 saa cyenda, Abasenateri barateranye basuzuma ikibazo cye. Kuri gahunda y’uwo munsi, cyari ku mwanya wa kabiri. Bamaze gusuzuma no kwemeza ishingiro ry’umushinga w’itegeko ryemerera burundu amasezerano yashyiriweho umukono i Kigali, ku wa 16 Mata Senateri Safari Stanley. (Photol Archives) 2007, hagati ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’Ubwami bw’u Bubiligi yo kuvanaho gusoresha kabiri no kwirinda forode n’ihisha ry’imisoro ku byerekeye imisoro ku musaruro no ku mari shingiro, no kuritora, bakurikijeho Safari Stanley. Umuyobozi wa Sena Dr. Biruta yabanje kugaragaza imwe mu ngingo z’itegeko ngengamikorere ya Sena ivuga ko iyo umusenateri amaze iminsi atitabira imirimo y’inama kandi nta bisobanuro yatanze, ko hari kimwe mu bihano ahabwa : gukatwa igice cy’umushahara; kumugaya mu ruhame, cyangwa kumukura burundu mu Nteko. Yasobanuye ko bari baherutse kumwandikira bamwihanangiriza, ariko ntiyasubiza kuko atari ahari. Yasobanuye ko bandikiye polisi ngo ikurikirane iby’ibura rye, maze ngo ku itariki ya 31 Gicurasi 2009 polisi ibabwira ko yavuye mu gihugu. Perezida wa Sena Dr. Visenti Biruta yongeyeho ko igishya bamenye ari uko gacaca yamaze kumuhamya icyaha cya jenoside akaba yarakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Asabye Abasenateri guhitamo igihano Senateri Safari Stanley yahabwa bikurikije ibiteganywa n’itegeko ngengamikorere ryabo hifashishijwe ingingo ya 99, Senateri Kubwimana wabimburiye abandi, yasabye ko yavanwa muri Sena. Senateri Karemera wamwunganiye, yasobanuye ko no mu mategeko asanzwe, bigaragara ko atari gukomeza imirimo kandi yarahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside. Yongeyeho ko hari n’ibindi byaha yari afite(amakuru yageraga ku kinyamakuru Umuseso akaba yaravugaga ko n’Ishyaka rye ryari ryaratanze ikirego muri komisiyo ya politiki ya Sena ko abiba amacakubbiri n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside). Ku itariki ya 06 Kanama 2009, iki cyaha cyaturutse mu ishyaka rye kikaba cyaravuzweho muri Sena nyuma yo gutora uzamusimbura ku buyobozi bw’iryo shyaka, dore ko n’inama yatoraga yagaragayemo ayo macakubiri igipande kimwe ngo kikaba cyaragumye hanze kikanga kwinjira ngo bafatanye n’abandi kubera kutumvikana ! Senateri Munyabagisha yavuze ko badakwiye guca ku ruhande bashingira ku itegeko ngengamikorere ryabo ritanga ibihano rishingiye ku kutaboneka kw’Umusenateri kandi bazi uko ibintu bimeze, ko ahubwo umuyobozi nk’uwo bitemewe kuva mu gihugu adasabye uruhushya, no kuba yarahamijwe jenoside. Ku cyo kuba yarahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside na gacaca, Dr. Visenti Biruta yasobanuye ko Safari yari agifite iminsi 15 yo kujurira, bityo akaba yari atarahamwa n’icyaha ku buryo budasubirwaho nk’uko ingingo ya 91 y’itegeko ngengamikorere yabo ibivuga. Senateri Sebishwi wasimbuye Mpayimana Elie wapfuye, niwe wa nyuma mu batse ijambo, avuga ko igikwiye gushingirwaho ari uko Safari Stanley yabuze ku mirimo yashinzwe n’abaturage ahagarariye, no kuba atakiri mu Rwanda. Nk’uko amategeko ngengamikorere yabo abiteganya, habaye amatora mu ibanga banditse. Ku basenateri 19 bari bahari, hifashe umwe, abandi bose batora ko Safari Stanley avanywe muri Sena burundu bakoresheje yego. Itegeko Nshinga rikaba rinavuga ko na none buri Mutwe w’Inteko Ishingamategeko ushobora guteganya, mu mategeko ngengamikorere yawo, amakosa akomeye atuma umwe mu bawugize akurwa ku mirimo byemejwe n’abagize uwo Mutwe. Icyo gihe icyemezo cyo kumukuraho gifatwa ku bwiganze bwa bitatu bya gatanu(3/5) by’abagize Umutwe w’Inteko bireba. Icyo twavuga kuri Safari Stanley nyuma yo gutoroka ubutabera, ni uko umunsi azamara gushyira umutima hamwe adafashwe, natangira gukora mu muhogo we azavuga, kugira ngo abone uko yumvikana n’abari abayoboke ba MDR yashenye bari hanze y’igihugu, nabo bashobora kuzamushakisha bamushakamo amabanga y’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu yabayemo akunzwe cyane, none akaba ahisemo kubahunga. Amacakubiri asize mu ishyaka rye azarangira ate ? Ni ukubitega amaso ! Habuhazi Innocent UMUSESO Urup. 6 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, ISESENGURA Uko iminsi igenda ihita indi igataha, umunyarwanda aragenda agabanyirizwa agaciro, cyane cyane imbere ya Leta kuko itamwitaho ngo imenye ibibazo afite kandi ibishakire umuti. Bimwe mu bigaragaza uko kutitabwaho na Leta ku munyarwanda, ni uburyo hari amasosiyete, cyane cyane ay’abanyamahanga asigaye yiyemeza kwiba abanyarwanda ku mugaragaro, nyamara ugategereza icyo Leta yabivugaho ugaheba. Muri iyi minsi, isosiyete ya mbere irimo kwiba abanyarwanda mu buryo bwinshi butandukanye, ni isosiyete y’itumanaho rikoresheje telephone zigendanwa MTN Rwandacell. Uburyo bwa mbere yakoresheje, ni ubwo gukata amafaranga ku materefone hafi ya yose cyangwa yose y’abakiriya bayo, bimaze kuvugwa cyane no guteza ibibazo, ihitamo kubabwira ko igiye kuyabasubiza, nyamara kugera uyu munsi hari benshi bemeza ko ayo mafaranga bakaswe batayabonye. Ibyo nk’uko abanyarwanda babitojwe kandi babitegetswe; kutagaragaza akarengane bakorerwa byarahise ariko MTN Rwandacell ahubwo noneho ishaka uburyo bwo kongera kurya abanyarwanda. Ibyo yabikoze ihagarika uburyo bwari busanzwe bwo kubona amafaranga asigaye muri telefoni, ibyo biba nk’umunsi wose. Icyatangaje kandi kibabaje, ni uko umuntu yaherukaga afite amafaranga muri telefoni ye, yahamagara, akajya kumva, akumva amafaranga ashizemo ku buryo butunguranye agereranyije n’uko amafaranga yajyaga agenda. Aha usibye kuba hagenda amafaranga, ni n’uburyo bwo gukoresha nabi abanyarwanda kuko bifite ingaruka zo kuba umuntu yaterefona mugenzi we amafaranga yenda gushira muri telephone, bigatuma atabasha kurangiza gahunda ze uko yabiteganyije bikamutera gusuzugurika cyangwa bikamuteranya n’abo bagombaga gukorana bakoresheje telefone zigendanwa za MTN. Ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwa mbere navuze haruguru bwakoreshejwe na MTN mu kwiba abanyarwanda, navuga bwateranyije abantu by’umwihariko mu ngo. Umugabo akarambika telefone hasi, yakongera kuyifata agasanga amafaranga yari arimo ntayakirimo cyangwa Abanyarwanda barushwa agaciro n’amasosiyete y’abikorera ku giti cyabo yagabanutse. Ubwo yahitaga ahindukirana abo mu rugo ndetse bigatera ikibazo gikomeye mu muryango. Indi sosiyete y’abikorera iherutse gukorera nabi abanyarwanda, ni isosiyete izwi ku izina rya KBS(Kigali Bus Services), ikora ibijyanye no gutwara abagenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali. Iyo sosiyete yaje mu mujyi wa Kigali ikenewe ariko kandi inakora neza ariko hari ubwo ivangira abakiriya bayo ndetse bigakurura n’amakimbirane hagati y’abakiriya n’abakomvuwayeri ndetse n’abashoferi kubera imikorere idasobanutse kandi ntiyumvikane. Ikibazo giherutse kuba hagati y’iyo sosiyete n’abakiriya bayo, gishingiye ku matike(ticket) atangwa, umugenzi akazigenderaho. Ibyo bibazo byabaye ku wa mbere tariki ya 17 Kanama 2009; mu gitondo cy’uwo munsi, ubwo umuntu yayitegaga akishyura amafaranga magana abiri, aguze tike(ticket) imara isaha. Yamara kugera mu modoka bakamubwira ko iyo tike (ticket) itakimara umunsi ahubwo ita agaciro ugisohoka mu modoka. Igitangaje, ni uko abakomvuwayeri b’izo modoka wasangaga batabifiteho amakuru n’abayafite ugasanga badafite amwe kuko bamwe bavugaga ko zavuyeho nyamara abandi bazitanga. Ikindi kibazo gihari, ni uko iyo uguze tike(ticket) y’amafaranga magana atanu imara umunsi, ugomba kuyigura ufite icyangombwa cyawe kiriho n’ifoto. Iyo udafite icyo cya ngombwa uba uhombye. Hagati aho umuntu yakwibaza niba abanyarwanda batagiye guta amarangamuntu yabo ku bwinshi cyangwa se uko bizagenda ubwo abanyamitwe bo mu mujyi wa Kigali bazatangira kubeshyera abakomvuwayeri ko babahaye ibyangombwa byabo. Nk’uko twabitangarijwe n’abakora muri izo modoka, batubwiye ko intandaro y’uko kutumvikana n’abakiriya babo, ari uko abakiriya bafataga tick- et bakayikoresha ari benshi, iy’amafaranga magana abiri, umaze kugera mu modoka akayihereza mugenzi we, ayinyujije mu idirishya, iya magana atanu bakayikoresha nayo ari benshi, urangije urugendo akayiha undi. Gusa iyo urebye inyungu z’abanyarwanda, usanga nta bujura n’amanyanga birimo kuko niba umuntu akoze umushinga nk’uriya, agashyiraho amatike(tickets) nk’ariya, aba yizeye uburyo bitazamuhombya. Ikind cyabaye ikibazo cyane, ni uburyo iyo sosiyete ijya gutangira yabimenyesheje abanyarwanda, nyamara uwo munsi yajya guhindura imikorere ntibibamenyeshe. Nubwo ubu byasubiye mu buryo, nta gushidikanya ko byatwaye amafaranga y’abanyarwanda atari make atazabagarukira kandi bikanabakoresha nabi uwo munsi. Hagati aho umuntu ashobora gutekereza ko abanyarwanda bashobora kuba barika cyane cyane iyo ubarya ashyigikiwe na Leta. Nawe se hari aho hashyizweho ibiciro ku yandi mamodoka akora umurimo wo gutwara abantu ndetse hagashyirwaho na za nimero za telefone z’inzego zishobora kwiyambazwa, harimo n’iza RURA, nyamara iyo sosiyete ikaba ishobora guhindura imikorere umunsi wose nta nkurikizi. Ntawe utakwibaza niba iriya mikorere y’amasosiyete agamije kwiba abanyarwanda RURA itayimenya cyangwa niba iyimenya ikirinda kuvutsa Leta imisoro cyangwa se ikirinda guhungabanya ubucuruzi bw’abanyemari bikorera. Uretse ko niyo itabimenya, cyaba ari cyo kibazo gikomeye kuko nayo yaba ntacyo imaze cyangwa se ifite imikorere mibi. Ikigaragara,ni uko ubu umunyarwanda ntawe umurengera imbere y’akarengane n’ubujura akorerwa n’amasosiyete y’abikorera. Aha nakwibutsa ko navuze uburyo amasosiyete akomeje kwiba abanyarwanda, ariko sinabirangije. Mu gihe kiri imbere tuzabagezaho uburyo hari andi masosiyete akoresha abanyarwanda amasaha asaga ay’umunsi wose nta kiruhuko, nyamara yajya guhembwa, agahembwa intica ntikize n’akandi karengane. Aha naho umuntu ahita yibaza icyo amategeko y’umurimo amaze ndetse n’amashyirahamwe arengera umukozi icyo yaba akora.Ubu amasosiyete menshi asigaye yarashoboye abanyarwanda, abaha uduhendabana abinyujije mu matombora. Amaherezo ndetse n’urusimbi ruzajya rukinwa ku mugaragaro. Ni nabwo tuzabagezaho ibijyanye na tombora ya BRALIRWA kugeza uyu munsi irimo gukemangwa. Twagerageje kwegera abakozi bayo bari bashinzwe iriya tombora ngo baduhe ibisobanuro ku manyanga yagaragayemo bakomeza kubikwepa, ariko turizera ko ubutaha tuzaba twabonye ibisobanuro bihagije. Muri rusange Leta yagombye mbere na mbere kurengera inyungu z’abanyarwanda, iz’abantu ku giti cyabo zikaza nyuma. Bitabaye ibyo n’ubukene buri mu Rwanda ntaho bwazajya kuko amafaranga akomeje kwisahurirwa n’abanyamahanga ndetse n’abanyarwanda bamara kuyagwiza bakigendera. Nsabimana Alphonse E-mail:nsabalphonse2@ yahoo.fr Ibiciro byo kwamamaza Ku rupapuro rw’umweru n’umukara Urupapuro rwose: 400.000 FRW ½ cy’urupapuro: 250.000 FRW ¼ cy’urupapuro: 150.000 FRW 1/8 cy’urupapuro: 80.000 FRW Eye-Piece: 50.000 FRW Ku rupapuro rw’amabara Urupapuro rwose: 700.000 FRW ½ cy’urupapuro: 500.000 FRW ¼ cy’urupapuro: 300.000 FRW 1/8 cy’urupapuro: 150.000 FRW Eye-Piece: 100.000 FRW Uko ugenda wamamaza inshuro nyinshi, ugabanyirizwa ku buryo bukurikira: Inshuro enye (4) 5% Inshuro umunani (8) 10% Inshuro cumi n’ebyiri (12) 15% Inshuro makumyabiri n’enye (24) 20% Inshuro mirongo ine n’umunani (48) 25% Amafaranga yose yo kwamamaza atangwa mbere. Ukeneye ibindi bisobanuro, wahamagara 0788686919 cyangwa 0788570640 Uri umucuruzi none urifuza ko abakiriya bakugana ku bwinshi, batumeho Umuseso maze wirebere; ababikoze nibo bazi ibanga! Wizuyaza, kandi imiryango ihora ikinguye! UMUSESO Urup. 7 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, AMATORA Umujyanama wa FPR yiyemereye ko amatora ari umuhango abajya, mu myanya baba bazwi D emokarasi mu mpapuro ivuga ko ubutegetsi ari ubwa rubanda, kandi bukaba butangwa na rubanda bukanakorera rubanda. Ibi mu mvugo ni byiza nta nenge bifite, ariko siko bikorwa mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi, by’umwihariko muri Afurika. Kuba abategetsi cyangwa abayobozi bava muri rubanda byo ni ukuri, ariko uko bavanwamo bajya mu butegetsi cyangwa ubuyobozi nibyo kibazo, kigira n’ingaruka ku baturage. Mu Rwanda hakorwa amatora y’uburyo bwinshi, ariko uko ategurwa, abayategura, uko bayakora ni ikibazo ku baturage. Amazina y’abazatorwa avugwa mbere y’amatora kandi amatora yarangira ugasanga ibyo bavuze niko byagenze kandi bizwi ko ababivuze atari abahanuzi! Ni ukuvuga ko ibintu bipangirwa hejuru abo basi bakabishyira mu bikorwa. Amatora aba by’umurimbo ibarura ry’amajwi rigahuza n’ibyifuzo by’abategura amatora. Ari abatora, ari n’abatorwa bose baba barangiza umuhango. Umutegetsi cyangwa umuyobozi washyizwe mu mwanya muri ubwo buryo, imitegekere ye cyangwa imiyoborere ye biragoye kugira ngo rubanda bayiyumvemo kuko nta ruhare rugaragara baba bagize mu gutanga ibitekerezo. Umuyobozi wese yubaha amabwiriza yahawe n’umukuriye kuruta abaturage. Hagati y’ibyo umuyobozi ku rwego uru n’uru yifuza ko uwo hasi, n’ibyo abaturage bifuza haba hari ikinyuranyo. Mbese umuturage afite uruhe ruhare mu mitegekere y’igihugu? Ni uwuhe mwanya afite mu gushyiraho no gukuraho abayobozi iyo bakoze nabi? Politiki yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi imaze kwera izihe mbuto? Mu minsi ishize, Iki- go cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro cyakoresheje inama y’umunsi umwe mu nyubako yabo nshya ku Gisozi, hagamijwe kugaragaza ibyo babwiwe n’abantu banyuranye hirya no hino mu gihugu no hanze yacyo bitanzwe n’Abanyarwanda, ku byerekeranye n’ibyo bibazo twavuze haruguru. Hagaragajwe ko gahunda ya Leta n’ubushake bwa politiki buriho ari byiza, ariko uko ibintu bikorwa ntibinogeye abaturage kuko byinshi mu byemezo bifatwa bibagwa hejuru kandi bikabagiraho ingaruka zitari nziza kuri byinshi. Benshi mu batanze ibitekerezo muri iyo nama, bagaragaje ko muri Afurika ubuyobozi bukigendera ku muntu. Ububasha bw’abaturage mu gufata ibyemezo ntibugaragara. Iyo Meya adashaka Umuyobozi w’Umurenge, iyo Guverineri adashaka Meya, bakora uko bashoboye mu bubasha bafite bakabavanaho. Baba bifashishije Njyanama cyangwa babikoze mu bundi buryo. Abaturage ntacyo bashobora gukora ngo umuyobozi bashaka agumeho niyo yaba akora neza. Birushaho kuba bibi iyo bumvise yavanyweho ntibabwirwe ibyaha yakoze, ahubwo ahenshi bakumva ngo ni ku mpamvu ze kandi amaranye iminsi nabo atababwiye Hagaragajwe ko gahunda ya Leta n’ubushake bwa politiki buriho ari byiza, ariko uko ibintu bikorwa ntibinogeye abaturage kuko byinshi mu byemezo bifatwa bibagwa hejuru kandi bikabagiraho ingaruka zitari nziza kuri byinshi n’ibindi byiza. Yego bigwa ku bantu ariko bikabagirira akamaro”. Icyo abaturage bahawe n’abayobozi, kiba kivuye mu menyo ya rubamba! SG wa FPR Ngarambe Francois. (Photol Archives) ko byamunaniye. Ntabwo ashobora no kubona umwanya wo kuvuga ko hari abamunanije. Hagaragajwe ko ibyemezo biza byihuse kandi bitunguye abaturage, bikaba bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa vuba byanze bikunze. Hatanzwe ingero z’ikurwaho ry’imiyenzi mu Mujyi wa Kigali, gusenyera rubanda, kubategeka gusiga amarange hakurikijwe amabara umuyobozi ashaka, bakaba bagomba kubyemera banze bakunze! Hari abagaragaje ko, imihigo ikorwa iba igamije gushimisha abayobozi itaturutse muri rubanda, bityo umuyobozi wabisezeraniye umukuriye agashyira agahato kuri rubanda rutabyemeje bibavuyemo ubwabo. Bamwe mu bari muri iyo nama, bavuze ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo ari nko guhambira umwana amaguru ukamusaba kwiruka! Abayobozi bigenga mu mitekerereze bashobora gutinyuka kubwira ababakuriye ko ibiteganyijwe atari byo abaturage bahagarariye bakeneye, bakaba bashobora kubavuguruza ntibajya bigaragaza mu Rwanda. Icyo bahitamo ni uguceceka kugira ngo barye kabiri nk’uko zimwe mu nararibonye zabivuze muri iyo nama. IRDP yasabwe gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, igatinyuka igashaka abayobozi bose bamaze kweguzwa cyangwa kwegura benshi bari hirya no hino mu gihugu, kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bamenye aho ikibazo kiri mu miyoborere y’igihugu. Asoza iyo nama, Umuyobozi wa IRDP Rwanyindo Ruzirabwoba Petero, yaravuze ati: “nyamara hari ibyo abaturage batinubira bibagwa hejuru kandi byiza. Girinka, amashuri Uko abaturage bakirwa n’inzego zinyuranye za Leta n’uburyo badakemurirwa ibibazo, nibyo bigaragaza ko serivisi zidatangwa neza. Kuba abayobozi babegereye nabyo ni byiza, ariko icyangombwa ni ukureba icyo babamariye. Ibi na Perezida Paul Kagame yabibera umugabo kuko iyo abonye umwanya akajya kuganira n’abaturage babimugaragariza, uretse ko abamugeraho ari bake ugereranyije n’ababa bafite ibibazo akenshi batewe n’abayobozi bamwe. Kuki abaturage bahora basiragira mu nzego, ibibazo ntibikemuke? Umwe mu bahagarariye Leta wanavuze ko yakoze ubushakashatsi ari muri MINALOC, ubwo yari muri iyo nama ya IRDP, yavuze systeme yubatse neza, ndetse n’Imihigo ikaba ikorwa neza, ariko hari abagaragaje ko igiti cyiza kitera imbuto nziza, bigoye gukomeza kucyita cyiza. Muzehe Sebasoni w’inararibonye ya FPR amaze kumva ko abenshi bari muri iyo nama bemeza ko abajya mu myanya y’ubuyobozi baba bapanzwe hakiri kare, yasobanuye ko amatora ya mbere ari uko byakozwe, aya kabiri hashyirwamo bake, ariko ngo ay’ubutaha abaturage bazitorera neza! Kutabaza rubanda ni ukubasuzugura Iyo wubaha abaturage ubagisha inama, cyangwa ukabanza kubabaza mbere y’ibyo ugiye kubakorera. Iyo batanze ibitekerezo byabo berekanye ibibazo Komeza ku urup. 15 Urup. 8 POLITIKI K uba Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, ari umunyagitugu byo si ibyo gutindaho. N’abamuhundagazaho amazina meza, n’abamushimira ibyinshi byiza yakoze, baba abanditsi nka Stephen Kinzer, baba abanyamakuru nka Andrew Mwenda, bose bemera ko ari umunyagitugu, atihanganira kunengwa, ko aba ashaka ko icyo ategetse gikorwa uko abishaka- nta kubaza. Ibi mu rurimi rw’icyongereza byitwa absolute power. Umwanditsi Stephen Kinzer, mu gitabo yise: “A Thousand Hills: Rwanda’s Rebirth And The Man Who Dreamt It”, yibaza niba Kagame azashobora gufatanya ubunyagitugu bwe n’umugambi we wo guteza imbere u Rwanda yiyemeje. Igisubizo kuri iki kibazo cya Kinzer ni uko umunyagitugu adashobora guteza imbere igihugu mu buryo burambye. Niyo yanagaragara nk’uteza imbere igihugu, iryo terambere rihirimana n’ihirima ry’uwo munyagitugu byanze bikunze- kandi iri ni isomo duhabwa n’amateka. Mu gitugu cye, niyo Kagame koko yaba agamije gukora icyo yita cyiza, ntabwo igihugu gituwe na miliyoni 10 cyatezwa imbere n’ibitekerezo by’umuntu umwe, cyangwa se n’amategeko y’umuntu umwe. Iyo Perezida Kagame yumva ko adashobora kunengwa, yumva ko atagirwa inama, yumva ko afite umwihariko ku bwenge no ku bibereye byiza abanyarwanda, bityo agafata abamunenga cyangwa se abajya impaka nawe nk’abanzi, ingaruka zabyo ni uko abanyarwanda bandi basigaye baba ibikange, bakifata ku munwa, bakaba ndiyo bwana, kubera gutinya imbaraga ze. Ibi kandi byabaye kenshi. Mu manana atandukanye, aho abantu bagerageje kugaragaza uko bumva ibintu, ariko byaba bitandukanye nuko Kagame abyumva, bikabaviramo ibibazo. Mu mwaka wa 2001, mu nama y’ishyaka rya FPR yabereye ku kigo cy’amashuri cya Kigali International Academy, bimwe mu byayivugiwemo harimo ikibazo cya Patrick Mazimpaka na Col. Alex Kanyarengwe (RIP). Abo banyepolitiki ba FPR bombi, bari barezwe ubugambanyi (high treason). Patrick Mazimpaka yarezwe kugambanira no gusuzugura FPR, kuko yanze kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Paul Kagame, yo kwanga umwanya UMUSESO No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, Ingaruka z’igitugu cya Kagame na FPR w’ubuminisitiri yari yahawe na Pasteur Bizimungu. Ibya Patrick Mazimpaka, Paul Kagame, na Pasteur Bizimngu byo ni amabanga maremare, ariko igifitanye isano n’iki gitekerezo, ni uko umwe mu banyamuryango bari muri iyo nama, John Nkongoli, yasabye ijambo, akabwira abari mu nama ko Patrick Mazimpaka na Alex Kanyarengwe bagombaga kuregwa muri disciplinary committee ya FPR, kandi ibirego baregwa bigomba kwiganwa ubushishozi, kuko ibirego nk’ibyo byakomeje kuregwa abantu mu gihe cy’intambara, bamwe bakanabizira, ariko nyuma, bikazagaragara ko byari ukwibeshya- ko bazize ubusa. Henry Steele Commager yagize ati: “Men in authority will always think that criticism of their policies and decisions is dangerous. They will always equate their policies and decisions with patriotism, and find criticism subversive.” Mu kinyarwanda, yagize ati: “abafite ubutegetsi buri gihe batekereza ko kunenga gahunda n’ibitekerezo byabo ari bibi cyane. Bitiranya gahunda n’ibitekerezo byabo no gukunda igihugu, bakabonamo kunenga nko kwanga igihugu. Na Kagame ni uko byagenze. Tukiri muri iyo nama, Kagame yasabye Nkongoli kuza imbere agasobanura birenzeho ibitekerezo bye, undi nawe arabikora. Nyuma y’iminota mike, Kagame yasabye Charles Muligande kuyobora inama, abwira abari mu nama ko yumva arwaye umutwe, asezera inama. Iyo nama yagombaga kumara iminsi 2. Ku munsi wa kabiri, Perezida Kagame, agitangiza inama, yahamagaye John Nkongoli imbere, amubwira nabi ati: “Nawe nawe uranyita umubehsyi.” Ibyakurikiyeho si byiza, ariko icy’ingenzi, kinajyanye n’iki gitekerezo, ni uburyo Perezida Kagame abona umuhaye igitekerezo kitari mu nyungu ze. John Nkongoli, mu kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye, buri wese afite Paul Kagame. (Photol Archives) uburenganzira bwo kwemeranya nabyo cyangwa se ntiyemeranye nabyo, Kagame yabibonyemo ikibazo. Ibyakurikiye uko imyaka yatashye ni amateka. Iyi miterere ya Kagame yo kubonamo umwanzi ugerageje kuvuguruza ibitekerezo bye, byatumye abanyarwanda baba ibikange- kuva ku banyepolitiki, abadepite, sosiyete sivile, abanyamakuru n’abandi. Ingaruka ni nyinshi. Mu manama nk’ayo twavuze haruguru ya FPR, cyangwa se ay’abaminisitiri, cyangwa se andi yiga ku bibazo by’igihugu, abayateraniyemo ntawe ukopfora, kubera kwanga kwitwa umwanzi, cyangwa se kubera kwanga kumera nka Nkongoli. Mu cyumweru gishize, nagize ikiganiro kirekire n’umudiplomate w’igihugu cya Suwede. Bimwe mu byo yambajije harimo impamvu abacamanza bo mu Rwanda bahabwa manda. Namusobanuriye ko ari inyungu za FPR kugirango abacamanza badakora uko FPR ibishaka, ntibazongererwe manda. Ikintu cyamutangaje cyane, ni ukubona abanyepolitiki bose b’u Rwanda, abakuriye urwego rw’ubucamanza, Minisitiri w’ubutabera, nta n’umwe wamaganye cyangwa se ngo arwanye icyo cyemezo. Nubwo ntabimubwiye, impamvu ni ugutinya Perezida Kagame. Izi zose ni ingaruka z’umutegetsi utegekesha igitugu. Twibukiranye kandi, nubwo Kagame cyangwa se FPR baba bumva ko ibyo bakora ari byiza, amaherezo ntabwo ashobora kuba meza. Umunyepolitiki Barry Goldwater ati: “Those who seek absolute power, even though they seek it to do what they regard as good, are simply demanding the right to enforce their own version of heaven on earth. And let me remind you, they are the very ones who always create the most hellish tyrannies. Absolute power does corrupt, and those who seek it must be suspect and must be opposed.” Mu by’ukuri nta kintu gishobora kuba cyiza ijana ku ijana, bityo nta kintu na kimwe kitanengwa (James Luther Adams: “Nothing is complete and thus nothing is exempt from criticism”), kuki umunyepolitiki nka Kagame, atabyumva? Eugene Mc Carthy we ati: “As long as the differences and diversities of mankind exist, democracy must allow for compromise, for accommodation, and for the recognition of differences.” Ni ukuvuga ngo, mu gihe abantu batandukanye, demokarasi igomba kwemerera ubwumvikane no gutandukanya mu bitekerezo. Uwahoze ari Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, John F. Keneddy, we yagize ati: “Without debate, without criticism, no administration and no country can succeed -- and no republic can survive.” Mu kinyarwanda, yagize ati: “Nta biganiro mpaka, nta kunenga, nta butegetsi bushobora gutera imbere, nta gihugu cyabaho.” Amasomo nk’aya, y’abanyepolitiki beza bamamaye ku isi, akwiye kugira isomo aha Perezida Kagame. Indi ngaruka, ni ukwikururira abanzi bitari ngombwa, igihe umutegetsi w’umunyagitugu akoresheje imbaraga ze, kuniga uwo yita umwanzi we, ariko mu by’ukuri, atari byo. Kuva Perezida Kagame yafata ubutegetsi, amaze gutandukana n’abari inshuti ze nyinshi- rimwe na rimwe ari bo bakoze amakosa, ariko na none, ari ukubera ya nenge ya Perezida Kagame yo kutihanganira kunengwa, cyangwa se ibitekerezo binyuranye n’ibye. Thomas Jefferson, nawe wabaye Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, yagize ati: “I hope our wisdom will grow with our power, and teach us, that the less we use our power the greater it will be.” Mu kinyarwanda, yagize ati: “ndizera ko ubwenge bwacu buzakurana n’imbaraga zacu, bukatwigisha ko, uko dukoresha imbaraga zacu gake, aribwo imbaraga zacu zikomeza kwiyongera.” Icyo iri rivuze, ni uko imbaraga zitongerwa no gufunga abo mutavuga rumwe, ntabwo zongerwa no kubuza amahwemo ukugaragarije igitekerezo kinyuranye n’icyawe, ahubwo zongerwa no kumva ko umuntu yagira igitekerezo kiruta icyawe, kuko umutwe umwe wifasha gusara, utifasha gutekereza. Indi ngaruka, ni uko abafasha ba Kagame, cyanwa se abakamufashije kuyobora igihugu, batitekerereza. Bahora bategereje amabwiriza ye, cyane cyane ku bintu bikomeye, kuko baba baramaze kuba ibikange, bakorera ku gitsure. Ingaruka ya nyuma, ni ukuzabona abayobozi bazayobora u Rwanda nyuma ya Kagame. Aha niho mvugira ko iterambere Kagame yaba yagejeje ku Rwanda ryose, rizahirima, naba ageze mu kiruhuko, kuko nta mutegetsi witoje kuzagera ikirenge mu cye, kuko batitekerereza, cyangwa se batifatira ibyemezo. Kugeza ubu, muri ubu buryo, Kagame yimye amahirwe abanyepolitiki bo mu Rwanda gukura mu bitekerezo, no kubigaragariza abanyarwanda, kuko buri gihe baba bateze amatwi ibye. Ralph Nader ati: “The function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not more followers.” Ni ukuvuga ngo akamaro k’abayobozi, ni ukubyara abandi bayobozi benshi, apana abayoboke benshi.” Ariko Perezida w’u Rwanda we arakora ikinyuranyo. Walter Lippman we ati: “The final test of a leader is that he leaves behind him in other men the conviction and the will to carry on.” Mu kinyarwanda, uyu muhanga yagize ati: “Ikigeragezo cya nyuma cy’umuyobozi, ni ugusiga inyuma ye abandi bayobozi biyumvamo kwiyizera n’ubushake bwo gukomereza aho yari ageze.” Na Kagame, iki nicyo kigeragezo cye, ariko kugeza iyi saha, kiramutsinda. Didas M. Gasana UMUSESO Urup. 9 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, IGITUGU Aba Perezida 12 b’abanyagitugu muri Afurika Juvenal Habyarimana. (Photol Net) 1. Juvenal Habyarimana J enoside yakorewe abatutsi, yakomeje gukorwa mu bihe bitandukanye, birimo no ku ngoma ya Habyarimana, bishyira Habyarimana ku mwanya wa mbere mu baperezida b’ibitugu b’Afurika. Habyarimana yakoze kudeta mu mwaka wa 1973, afata ubutegetsi, aza kubuvaho yitabye Imana, mu 1994. Usibye jenoside, ikindi cyaranze igitugu cya Habyarimana, ni ivangura, itonesha rya bamwe, kutemerera amashyaka ya politiki gukora, kutemerera itangazamakuru ryigenga gukora, ndetse no gukoresha ubutabera mu nyungu ze. 2. Jean-Bedel Bokassa Bokassa yavutse mu mwaka wa 1921, yitaba Imana mu mwaka wa 1996. Yabaye Perezida wa Central African Republic kuva mu mwaka wa 1966 kugeza mu mwaka wa 1979, akoreye David Dacko kudeta. Agikora kudeta, yahise avanaho itegeko nshinga. Mu mwaka wa 1972, yigize Perezida kugeza gupfa ‘president for life’, naho mu mwaka wa 1976, yiha title y’umwami w’abami ‘emperor’, nyuma y’ibirori byo kuba Emperor byatwaye akayabo kagera kuri miliyoni 30 z’amadolari. Jean-Bedel Bokassa (Photol Net) Mengistu Haile Mariam. (Photol Net) Omar El Bashir. (Photol Net) Bokassa yashyize ku nkeke abaturage be. Iyicarubozo, kwica (executions), kwivugana no gufunga abatavuga rumwe nawe nibyo byaranze ingoma ye. Ijambo rye niryo ryari itegeko riyobora igihugu cya Central African Republic. Bokassa yavanywe ku butegetsi na kudeta mu mwaka wa 1979, arahunga, ariko aza kugaruka mu 1986, ahita atabwa muri yombi, ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwibasira inyokomuntu, ahanishwa igihano cy’urupfu, cyaje guhindurwamo igifungo cya burundu. Yaje kurekurwa m mwaka wa 1993, yitaba Imana mu mwaka wa 1996. inzara, nyuma yo kunyereza imfashanyo z’ibiribwa zari zigenewe abanyethiopia mu nzara ndende yo mu myaka ya za 80. cya Uganda kuva mu mwaka wa 1971 kugera mu mwaka wa 1979. Amin, wahoze ari umuteramakofe, kimwe n’abo twavuze haruguru, nawe yafashe ubutegetsi akoreye kudeta Perezida wa mbere wa Uganda, Apollo Milton Obote. Ingoma ya Idi Amin yaranzwe n’imvururu nyinshi (violence), iyicarubozo (torture), kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu n’izindi nzira z’imiyoborere mibi. Nubwo hari abanyamakuru nka Timothy Kalyegira n’abakomoka mu muryango wa Amin babihakana, hari abavuga ko Amin yishe abanya Uganda babarirwa hagati ibihumbi 300 na 500. Amin yirukanye abanyaziya babarirwa mu bihumbi 60. Mu mwaka wa 1976, Amin yatangaje ko abaye Perezida wa Uganda mu buzima bwe bwose (President for life). Ku buperezida bwe, Uganda yategekwaga gisirikare, inkiko za gisirikare zarasimbuye inkiko zisanzwe (Military tribunals placed above the system of civil law). Abasirikare bakuru nibo bahabwaga imirimo ikomeye ya Leta, naho abaminisitiri b’abasivile bakagomba kubaha igisirikare. Mu mwaka wa 1978, Amin yateye igihugu cya Tanzania, bumuviramo intandaro yo guhirima kw’ingoma ye. Yahungiye mu gihugu cya Saudi 3. Mengistu Haile Mariam 4. Omar El Bashir Kimwe na Mengistu, Omar El Bashir nawe yafashe ubutegetsu bwa Sudan nyuma ya kudeta, mu mwaka wa 1989. Kuva icyo gihe, imibare itangazwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburengazira bwa kiremwamuntu nka Amnesty International, yerekana ko kuva Bashir yafata ubutegetsi, hamaze kwicwa abanyasudan bagera kuri miliyoni imwe, mu gihe abanyesudan bagera kuri miliyoni 9 berekeje iy’ubuhungiro. Omar El Bashir, ubu watangiwe manda n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (International Criminal Court) kubera ubwicanyi bw’abirabura batuye intara ya Darfur, yanize amashyaka, anafunga ibitangazamakuru byigenga. Bashir kandi yakoresheje amategeko akarishye ya kisilamu (shariah law) mu gukandamiza no guhoza ku nkeke abakirisitu batuye mu majyepfo ya Sudan. Mu ncamake, Mengistu yabaye Perezida w’igihugu cya Ethiopia mu mwaka wa 1974, akoreye kudeta Umwami w’abami Haile Selassie. Ubucuti bwe n’igihugu cy’u Burusiya n’uburyo yari umunyagitugu byamuhaye izina rya ‘the red terror’. Akoresheje icyiswe ‘neighbourhood commitees’, Mengistu yishe abanyethiopia bagera kuri miliyoni imwe n’igice mu myaka ine gusa- kuva mu 1975 kugera mu 1979. Benshi muri abo bari abatavuga rumwe na we. 5. Idi Amin Dada Usibye ubwo bwicanyi, uwo mu Perezida yamenyekanye Idi Amin Dada yabaye Perezcyane kubera kwicisha abantu ida w’igihugu cy’abaturanyi Idi Amin Dada. (Photol Net) Arabia, ari naho yaguye. Amin yabatijwe Hitler w’Afurika (Africa’s Adolph Hitler). 6. Charles Taylor Charles Taylor we yatowe kuba Perezida w’igihugu cya Liberia, binyuranye n’abo twatangiriyeho, mu mwaka wa 1997. Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nka Amnesty International itangaza ko igisirikare cya Taylor cyakoreshaga gufata ku ngufu abategarugori n’iyicarubozo nk’ibikoresho by’iterabwoba, ndetse ko yakoreshaga uburetwa abasivile. Akiri Perezida wa Liberia, umutungo wa Taylor ukaba warakekwaga kuba uruta kure umusaruro rusange wa Liberia, kubera kwiba umutungo kamere w’icyo gihugu, urimo zahabu, diyama, na timber. Hybrid Culture Magazine yatangaje ko ku ngoma ya Taylor, gufata ku ngufu na ‘mutilation’ byabaye umuco muri Liberia ku ngoma ya Taylor. Charles Taylor, ubu utegereje kuburanishwa n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha, yashyiriweho embargo y’intwaro n’umuryango w’abibumbye. Taylor kandi yafashije inyeshyamba zarwanyaga Leta ya Sierra Leone, anazifasha gusahura diyama ya Sierra Komeza ku urup 10 Urup. 10 UMUSESO No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, IGITUGU Aba Perezida 12 b’abanyagitugu muri Afurika Charles Taylor. (Photol Net) Issayas Afewerki. (Photol Net) Siad Barre. (Photol Net) Komeza ku urup 9 Leone. Mugabe. (Photol Net) 7. Robert Mugabe Robert Mugabe yabaye Perezida wa mbere w’igihugu cya Zimbabwe kuva cyabona ubwigenge mu mwaka wa 1980. Nubwo hari abanyafurika bamushimiye kwaka abazungu ibikingi, bigahabwa abanyazimbabwe, siko bose babibonye, kuko ibyinshi byigabijwe n’abo bita ‘war veterans’, abanyazimbabwe benshi ntibagire aho bahurira n’ubutaka. Mu kwanga abazungu no kubambura ibikingi, Mugabe yigaragaje nka Pan Africanist, ariko siko bimeze, kuko n’abanyafurika, cyangwa se abanyazimbabwe, batamukomera amashyi, atabarebera izuba. Nubwo yaje kugera aho agakorana n’ishyaka ritavuga rumwe nawe rya Movement for Democratic Change, riyobowe na Morgan Tshivangrai, ikiguzi cyabaye kinini. Mugabe kandi akomeje gukandamiza no kuniga itangazamakuru ryigenga. 8. Issayas Afewerki Kimwe na Perezida Museveni wa Uganda, Zenawi wa Ethiopia, Kagame w’u Rwanda, Afewerki yari umwe mu biswe ‘New breed of African leaders’, ariko, kimwe n’abo bose, ibyo bisingizo ntibyarambye. Issayas yabaye Perezida wa Eritrea mu mwaka wa 1991, icyo gihugu kimaze kubona ubwigenge kiyomoye 11. Paul Kagame Muammar Al-Gaddafi. (Photol Net) Paul Kagame. (Photol Net) kuri Ethiopia. Ubwo ishyaka rye ryacikagamo ibice, igipande cya Issayas cyabangamiye cyane abatavuga rumwe nacyo. Mu mwaka wa 2001, Afewerki yafunze itangazamakuru ryigenga ryose rya Eritrea, ata muri yombi abategetsi 11 bari bakomeye muri Leta ye. Afewerki afunga uwo ari we wese utemeranya na gahunda ze, nta sosiyete sivile icyo gihugu kigira. zibarirwa mu bihumbi. Africa Rights Watch yo ivuga ko abanyesomalia bishwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Barre mu myaka itatu gusa (1988-1990), babarirwa hagati y’ibihumbi 50 na 60. Nyuma yo kuvanwa ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 1991, Barre yahungiye mu gihugu cya Nigeria. 9. Siad Barre Barre yavutse mu mwaka wa 1919, yitaba Imana mu mwaka wa 1995. Yafashe ubutegetsi mu gihugu cya Somalia mu mwaka wa 1969, akoze kudeta, agitegeka kugeza mu mwaka wa 1991. Barre yibukwaa cyane kuvangura ‘clans’ za Somalia kugirango ashobore kuzitegeka (divide and rule). Mohamoud M. Afrah atangaza ko igisirikare cya Saidi Barre cyishe inzirakarengane 10. Muammar Al-Gaddafi Gaddafi yafashe ubutegetsi bwa Libya nyuma yo gukora kudeta, mu mwaka wa 1969. Gaddafi, uzwiho cyane guharanira Leta y’Afurika yunze ubumwe, avugwaho gufasha imitwe y’iterabwoba nka Palestinian Liberation Organisation. Nta opozisiyo muri Libya, nta tangazamakuru ryigenga riba muri Libya. Mu myaka ya za 1980, Gaddafi yategetse secret police ye kwivugana abatavuga rumwe nawe baba mu mahanga. Imanza za politiki zibera mu bwihisho, nta butabera bwigenga muri Libya. Kagame we ntabwo tumutindaho, kuko abanyarwanda barabizi. Icyo Perezida Kagame arusha abandi banyagitugu ni ugukoresha ubuhanga mu gitugu, kuburyo bitakorohera umuntu kumenya ko ari igitugu. Iyo Perezida Kagame abwira abanyepolitiki ku mugaragaro ngo nibavuge bisanzuye, abanyarwanda bagira ngo koko aba ashaka ko bisanzura, ariko abenshi mu banyarwanda ntibamenya uko bigendekera uwatinyutse kuvuga (Nkongoli, Bizimungu, Sendashonga n’abandi). Kagame yemereye amashyaka gukora, ariko ayabohera muri Forumu. Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda, nawe ubwe azi ko butigenga. Itangazamakuru ryigenga, ryiswe abanzi b’igihugu. Sosiyete sivile yaramizwe. Inteko ishinga amategeko ni ndiyo bwana na ntiteranya. 12. Hissene Habre Habre yabaye Perezida wa Tchad mu mwaka wa 1982 kugera mu 1990. Imiryango nka Human Rights Watch ivuga ko ku butegetsti bwa Habre, habaye itsembabwoko rya ba minorities. Secret Police Habre ubwe yiyoboreraga, yishe abataravugaga rumwe nawe batari bake. Kimwe na bagenzi be, nta tangazamakuru ryigenga, nta butabera, nta banyepolitiki ba opozisiyo. Didas M. Gasana UMUSESO Urup. 11 UMURENGWE Imyitwarire mibi y’abana b’aba Perezida ku isi H ari imvugo ikoreshwa cyane ivuga ko imbaraga cyangwa ububasha by’ikirenga bishukana ku buryo bw’ikirenga. Kuba Perezida biguha imbaraga nyinshi, kuri bamwe bibaha ububasha bw’ikirenga bitewe n’abo bayobora cyangwa uburyo bahisemo kuyobora. Ubwo bubasha rero bukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Izo mbaraga n’ububasha kandi biragenda bikanigaragaza mu muryango wawe. Abana b’abaperezida nibo bakunze gukoresha nabi cyane ububasha bafite mu gihugu. Hano turabagezaho imyitwarire mibi ya bamwe mu bana b’abaperezida ku isi. Hannibal Qaddafi Uwo ni umwana wa Perezida wa Lybia, Muammar al-Qaddafi. Afite imyaka 33. Mu gihe se akomeje kugerageza kubaka izina ry’igihugu gifite abanzi benshi, umuhungu we akomeje kugaragara mu dutendo tutari twiza ku mugabane w’u Burayi. Mbere yabanje gufatwa na Polisi mu 2004 i Paris mu Bufaransa, kubera gutwara imodoka ye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko iruhande rw’inzu umukuru w’Igihugu akoreramo, aho muri icyo gihugu kubera ubusinzi. Hannibal icyo gihe wigaga muri Copenghagen muri Denmark, yaje kurekurwa kubera ubudahangarwa (immunity). Nyuma y’amezi abiri gusa, Hannibal yavumbukanye ingeso yo gukubita Fiancée (Girl Friend) we, Polisi ziza kumufata zihamagawe arimo kumukubitira muri Hotel yitwa Paris Hotel. Yahise ashaka gukoresha imbunda, ariko aza kuyamburwa na Polisi. Nyuma yaho yaje gushinjwa icyaha cyo gukomeretsa, yabanje no kumenagura ibintu kuri hotel yindi yari arimo mu Bufaransa. Ntabwo yanyuzwe, umwaka ushize yafungiwe mu Busuwisi, mu mujyi wa Geneva amaze gufatwa akubita bikomeye abakozi be. Nkuko bisanzwe papa we, Kadafi yahise asaba ko umwana we yarekurwa kubera ko afite ubudahangarwa. banavuga ko ajya agaragara ari kumwe n’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Bill Clinton. Mu gihugu cye, Karimova w’imyaka 37, bivugwa ko yaba ategurirwa kuba yasimbura se w’umunyagitugu ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu, kugeza ubu akaba amaze gukoresha ububasha bwe nk’umwana wa Perezida kwigwizaho imitungo myinshi cyane. Mu mwaka wa 2001 nibwo Karimova yatandukanye n’uwo bari bashakanye, umugabo wari ufite ubwenegihugu bw’Amerika na Afghanistan. Bakimara gutandukana, uwo mugabo yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi yatewe na Karimova kubera imbaraga afite. Uretse kuba yaramwimye abana babyaranye, yari afite uruganda rwa Coca-Cola muri Uzbekistan, ruhita rufungwa. Abavandimwe be batatu barafunzwe abandi bagera kuri 24 birukanwa muri Uzbekistan shishi itabona. Mu 2006, Karimova wigaruriye ubucuruzi bw’icyayi hafi ya bwose muri Uzbekistan, hejuru y’ibindi byinshi akoreramo amafaranga, yakoresheje abasirikare gufunga urundi ruganda rwashakaga gupigana nawe. Ubu Karimova arimo no gushora imari mu bijyanye n’indirimbo dore ko nawe aririmba. Mu 2006, indirimbo ze zacishwaga ubuhoraho kuri tereviziyo y’igihugu ya Uzbekistan. Ngiyo imyitwarire ya Karimova. Gulnola Karimova Uyu ni umwana wa Perezida Islam Karimov wa Uzbekistan, igihugu cyo muri Aziya yo hagati. Ni umutegarugori kuko yigeze gushaka nubwo ubu yamaze gutandukana n’uwo bari bashakanye. Karimova arazwi cyane kubera umuco wo gukunda gusohoka, ku buryo akunze no kugaragara ari kumwe n’abandi bantu bazwi cyane yasohokanye nabo nk’umuririmbyi Elton John, Shalon Stone ndetse bamwe Rhagad Hussein Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, Rhagad ni umukobwa w’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Iraki, Sadam Hussein. Afite imyaka 41 y’amavuko ubu. Yashakanye n’uwitwa Hussein Kamel. Uyu yabaye Minisitiri muri Leta ya Sadamu. Cyakora, mu 1995, Kamel yahunze Iraki ahungira muri Jordan n’uwo mufasha we, umukobwa wa Sadamu. Sadam yaje kubareshya baragaruka muri Iraki nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa. Hannibal Qaddafi, umwana wa Muammar Qadafi. (Photol Net) Yahise abatandukanya, yica uwo mugabo. Mu 2003, Iraki itewe n’Amerika, Sadam yishwe, Rhagad yongeye guhungira muri Jordan aho yakiriwe n’ubwami bwa Jordan neza. Bitandukanye n’izindi mpunzi za Iraki nyuma ya 2003, Rhagad ntiyigeze abaho nabi kuko Ubwami bwa Jordan bwamufashe neza cyane, bumuha inzu n’abaja, abaho neza. Bakomeje kumugurira imyenda ihenze n’ibikenerwa mu buzima byose bihenze yari akeneye. Rhagad yaje kwandikira ubuyobozi bw’Amerika asaba ko ibintu byari mu nzu ya se cyane cyane ibikoresho byinshi bya zahabu babimuha. Nyamara, uwo mutegarugori nawe akurikiranwaho kuba yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abantu bo mu bwoko bw’aba Shite, aho ashinjwa kuba yaratangaga imbunda n’ibindi bikoresho byo kubica, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cyo kwicwa. Jordan ariko yanze kumutanga. Rhagad avuga ko se ari intwari y’Abarabu kandi ko yari umugabo mwiza cyane nubwo yamwiciye umugabo. Kim Jong Nam Jong Nam w’imyaka 38, ni umuhungu wa Perezida wa Koreya y’amajyaruguru, Kim Jong Il. Mu mwaka wa 2001, Nam yafungiwe ku kibuga cy’indege cya Tokyo, ashinjwa gushaka kwinjira mu Buyapani akoresheje Pasiporo y’impimbano y’igihugu cya Repubulika ya Dominikani iri ku mazina ya Pang Xiong. Yaje gutangaza ko yashakaga kujya ahitwa Disneyland dore ko yari kumwe n’umufasha we n’umwana wabo. Uwo musore warimo gutekerezwaho ku- zasimbura se, yahise avanwa mu murongo kubera gusebya se, ahubwo murumuna we Kim Jong Un niwe urimo gutegurirwa intebe gusimbura se umaze gusaza cyane akaba atagifite n’imbaraga. Kugeza ubu nta nubwo aba mu gihugu cye, bamwe bavuga ko aba mu buhungiro. Sandar Win Sandar w’imyaka 57, ni umukobwa w’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe nyuma akaba na Perezida wa Burma, Ne Win ubu witabye Imana. Mu gihe se yayoboye Burma kuva mu 1962 kugeza 1988, ari umunyagitugu, Sandar ni umwe mu bana be yizeraga cyane kandi yinjije muri politiki ndetse agaragara nkaho ari we wayoboraga, byatumye igihugu kigira ibibazo byinshi cyane. Niwe wahuzaga abagize ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi na se, nyuma aza no kuba ari we wari inyuma yo kugira Col. Khini Nayhut, umuyobozi w’ishami ry’iperereza, amuha n’imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Uwo nyuma yaje kuba Minisitiri w’intebe wiswe Minisitiri w’intebe w’ishyamba. Se amaze gupfa, Sandar yagize uruhare mu gucecekesha inkubiri y’abashakaga demokarasi bayobowe n’umutegarugori Aung, Sun Suu Kyi, abasirikare bafata ubutegetsi. Ingabo zimaze gukomeza gutegeka, Sandar yakomeje gukoresha ububasha yari afite yigwizaho umutungo w’igihugu, anafata ibyemezo byinshi mu gihugu. Bamwe babonaga Sandar agishaka kuba Komeza ku urup. 12 UMUSESO Urup. 12 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, UMURENGWE Imyitwarire mibi y’abana b’aba Perezida ku isi Ibikurikira urup. 11 yafata ubutegetsi, abasirikare baramutse bananiwe. Cyakora, we, umugabo we n’abana babo baje gufungwa n’abo basirikare babashinja gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi bw’abasirikare. Yaje gufungirwa mu rugo kimwe n’uwo bari bahanganye mbere Aung Suu, aza kuvanwa muri iyo mbohe hashize igihe, ariko imbaraga ze n’umuryango we zirashyira. Pinthongta Shinawatara Uyu afite imyaka 27, akaba ari umukobwa wa Thaksin Shinawatara, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe wa Thailand. Mu 2004, uwo mukobwa yatangajwe nk’umwe mu bakire ba mbere mu gihugu cye, ntibyagira uwo bitangaza. Mbere y’uko se ahirikwa ku butegetsi mu 2006, we n’umuryango we barihaye bihagije biciye mu kimenyane no kwigwizaho ibya rubanda, abana be barimo Pinthongta bakaba bari mu ba mbere babyungukiyemo cyane. Hamwe na musaza we Pangthongta, baguze kuri make imigabane myinshi cyane muri sosiyete y’itumanaho ya Thailand ku wundi muryango wari uyifite. Bakimara kuyigura, bahise bayigurisha indi sosiyete yo muri Singapore ku giciro gikubamo inshuro mirongo itanu icyo bayiguze. Ni akaryo karimo miliyoni zisaga magana ane na mirongo itandatu n’enye z’amadolari ($464M). Nta misoro batanze, se yabafashije gukwepa imisoro. Uwo mukobwa se amaze gutakaza ubutegetsi, yakoze ibishoboka byose agerageza kureba uko yarinda izina rya se n’imitungo ye dore ko urukiko rwahise rumusaba we na musaza we gutanga umusoro bakwepye bagura banagurisha iriya sosiyete. Kugeza ubu yanze gutanga ubuhamya asabwa ku bijyanye n’amanyanga ya se ndetse akomeje kureba uburyo yajera akanarinda imitungo bakusanyije, se akiri ku butegetsi. Bivugwa ko amafaranga menshi bayafite muri konti zo hanze ku buryo bitazorohera ubuyobozi bwa Thailand guhagarika ubuzima bwiza arimo. Sheikh Issa Bin zayed alNayhan Uyu ni umuhungu wa Zayed Bin Sultan al-Nayhan, wahoze ari umwami wa Abu Dhabi akaba yarabaye Perezida wa United Gulnora Karimova, umukobwa wa President Islam Karimov wa Uzbekistani. (Photo/ net) Arab Emirates. Nubwo adafite umwanya muri Leta kimwe na musaza we Khalifa ubu uyobora Abu Dhabi, niwe wigaruriye ubucuruzi mu bijyanye no kubaka. Yibukwa cyane ku nyubako ndende yubatse yitwa Al Hakema tower, yubatse kwibukiraho se, ariko imyitwaire ye mibi iherutse gushyirwa hanze. Hari Video iherutse gusohoka igaragaza Sheikh Issa arimo kwica urubozo umunya Afghanistan, amuziza ko yamwibye. Muri iyo video, yagaragajwe na ABC news, Sheikh Issa agaragara ari kumwe n’abandi bantu bakubita uwo mugabo, bamusonga imbunda mu bisebe, bamwica nabi. Umwe mu bantu bakoranye nawe ubu bafitanye ibibazo yemeza ko amufiteho amadosiye menshi yo kwica abantu urubozo. Nyuma yaho iyo Video isohokeye, Issa yafungiwe mu rugo, ikintu kidasanzwe ku muntu uturuka mu bwami. Cyakora umu- funze nawe ni musaza we, Minisitiri w’umutekano mu gihugu muri United Arab Emirates. Ibyo byose ni ukubera ububasha. Hu Haifeng Hu w’imyaka 38, ni umuhungu wa Perezida w’u Bushinwa, Hu Jintao. Ni umwana wakoresheje ububasha bwe arakira pee. Yakoresheje ububasha bwa se nka Perezida, sosiyete ye yitwa Nuctech ihabwa ikiraka cyo gushyira ibyuma bya Scanner bya ‘security’ ku bibuga by’indege byose mu Bushinwa. Papa we yagerageje kumurinda kugaragara mu itangazamakuru, kugeza vuba ubwo yabonaga ikiraka cyo gushyira bene ibyo byuma ku bibuga by’indege bya Namibia, ikiraka cyaje kuvamo ibibazo, sosiyete igashinjwa ruswa. Iyo sosiyete ishinjwa kuba yaratanze ruswa. Uwo muhungu wa Hu Jintao asabwa gutanga ubuhamya kuri ibyo Sheikh Issa Bin Zayed Al-Nayhan, umuhungu w'uwahoze ategeka Abu Dhabi Zayed Bin Sultan Nayhan Kim Jong Nam, umuhungu wa perezida wa Korea ya ruguru Kim Jong. (Photo/net) birego. Papa we w’umunyagitugu mu Bushinwa, arimo gukora ibishoboka byose ngo umwana we atandagazwa mu itangazamakuru ry’u Bushinwa. Kubera ububasha bafite mu by’itumanaho, barakora ku buryo amakuru ajyanye n’iryo perereza rikorwa ku muhungu we atagera mu Bishinwa biciye kuri interineti. Mark Thatcher Mark w’imyaka 56, ni umuhungu wa Margret Thacher, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Bwongereza. Uwo mwana w’umutegarugori wamamaye cyane ayobora u Bwongereza, yatangiye kumenyekana mu 1982 ubwo yaburiraga muri butayu bwa Sahara kumara iminsi ine aho yari yagiye mu marushanwa yo gusiganwa. Mark wari wananiwe ibizamini mu ishami yigagamo ry’icungamutungo, yari yashoboye kwinjira mu bucuruzi abona kontaro zitandukanye muri Afurika. Mu 2004, Mark yafungiwe muri Cape Town, muri Afurika y’epfo, aho yari atuye, ashinjwa kwica amategeko y’icyo gihugu kubera kugira uruhare muri Coup d’Etat yo muri Guinnée Equatoriale. Mark yahakanye uruhare bamushinjaga ariko yemera ko imwe mu ndege bakoreheje ari we wayikodesheje ariko atazi icyo bajya kuyikoresha. Yaciwe izahabu y’ibihumbi magana atanu by’amadolari, ava muri Afurika yepfo. Nyuma yaho yagize ikibazo cyo kubona aho aba. Yimwe Visa y’Amerika kubera icyo kibazo cya Guinée Equatorial, aza no kwimwa Visa yo kuba muri Monaco. Iyabo Obasanjo-Bello Iyabo w’imyaka 42, ni umwana w’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Nijeriya, Olusegun Obasanjo. Uyu nkuko bitangazwa n’ikinyamakuru Foreign Policy, yatangiye atanga icyizere ko ashaka kwiberaho nk’umushakashatsi mu by’ubuganga dore ko ari byo yize. Cyakora, amaze kugaruka muri Nijeriya mu 2004, ataye umugabo we n’umwana babyaranye, yahise amurega amushinja gushimuta umwana, ibirego biracyageretse, aracyashakishwa na Interpol kubera kwiba umwana yabyaranye n’umunyamerika. Ageze iwabo, yinjiye muri gahunda y’umuryango, kwigwizaho umutungo, ruswa n’ibindi bynshi nk’ibyo. Yaninjiye mu buyobozi agirwa Komiseri w’Ubuzima muri Nigeriya muri guverinoma ya se. Nyuma yinjiye muri Sena mu 2006, aza gutangira kuyikontorora. Muri uwo mwaka, Iyabo bivugwa ko yakiriye ruswa nyinshi harimo n’iy’imodoka ya Land Cruizer Toyota, kugira ngo afashe abantu kubona ibiraka muri Nijeriya yayoborwaga na se. Bivugwa kandi ko Iyabo yakuye akayabo k’ibihumbi mirongo inani na bitanu by’amadolari kuri konti y’ikigo cy’ubuzima aho muri Nigeriya, akajya kuyakoresha ku giti cye. Ibyo byose arabihakana. Charles Kabonero Byatangajwe mbere n’ikinyamakuru Foreign Policy UMUSESO Urup. 13 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, UBWISANZURE “Ukuri wakavugishije ibwami uraguhakishwa” Umutego w’ikinyoma “ I y a k a r e m y e niyo ikamena” (by’umwihariko ) Imana yaremye ibintu mu ngeri ebyeri. “Yaremye ikibi n’icyiza “ irema n’umuntu imuha ubwenge bwo gutoranya (guhitamo) ikibi n’icyiza; irema umuntu mu ngeri ebyeri: amaso abiri, amatwi abiri, amaboko abiri, amaguru abiri n’ibindi bice byose by’umubiri, ntiriwe ndondora ngo ndondogore. Urugero, Imana yaremye igihimba igiha ibice bibiri “inyuma n’imbere.” Imbere harangwa n’amaso n’inyuma harangwa n’ikibuno byenda gusetsa ndetse biranashimishije. Muzi ko Abanyarwanda barambagiza abageni bakurikije uko bateye: ufite mu maso heza n’ufite ikimero cyiza. Ni uko rero abakobwa babiri barahuye ufite mu maso heza yiratira ufite ikimero ko amuruta ubwiza. Uw’ikimero nawe ati: umva rero nanjye nkurusha ikimero cyiza, uwo mu maso heza ati ese uzajya uhura n’abantu ubahenere maze nawe uti iki? Nyine imibereho y’umuntu iteye ukubiri, kugereranya no kurushanwa. Nyine nkuko maze kubivuga haruguru ngereranya abakobwa babiri ufite mu maso heza n’ufite ikimero cyiza. Ni ubwende bwawe n’uburenganzira bwawe bwo guhitamo uwo ushaka. No guhiga cyangwa kurushanwa nako kuri ukubiri; umugiro ntiwahiganwa n’umutero uri wenyine. No mu gisoro ntiwabuguza uri wenyine. Urugero ni inyandiko iherutse gusohoka mu kinyamakuru Umuseso igereranya Leta zombie; iyavuyeho n’iriho ubu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge. Umubaji w’imitima ntiyayiringanije. Iyo nyandiko abantu ntibayitwaye kimwe. Bamwe bahise bayamagana batayicira akari urutega, mbese bayitera utwatsi. Ariko nkuko natangiye mbivuga, Imana niyo yaremye ikibi n’icyiza ngo umuntu yihitiremo. Nitutareka ngo umuntu ngo avuge akamuri ku mutima, azaba yigenga cyangwa nitwe tuzaba tumugenga? Kuki tutareka abantu ngo batoboke bavuge ikibari ku mutima? “Ibuye ryabonetse ntiriba rikishe isuka”, kuki tudashaka guhiganwa? Uguhiga ubutwari muratabarana, ukubarira akubeshya agira ngo napfa muzajyana. Abo babeshya abategetsi bababeshyeshya akarimi keza ka nyirarushwa ngo barabakunda “Umwami uraguza aruta ubuguza” bishatse kuvuga ko ari uwumva abantu akabiyumvira we bwite, yanga amabwire. Utaraburogwa agira ngo yaburya “utabusya abwita ubumera.” Nyabuna nyabuna umuntu atariyumviye Gitera ibitutsi yatukaga Rudahigwa ntagire icyo amutwara wagira ngo yari yaramuroze. Umuhanuzi mubi angana umurozi. Abo bahanuzi babi bakoshya Rudahigwa bati kuki utica Gitera ati: icyampa ikibimutera (ibyago byigisha ubwenge). Ibitutsi Gitera yatukaga umwami Rudahigwa nibyo byamwigishaga ubwenge (bimwigisha Demokarasi); byago ntugahore kandi ntugahere. N’Umwami Rudahigwa yagizwe intwari y’igihugu kuko yashoboye kumva abantu, buri muntu amutwara uko yari ari. “Igisiga cy’urwara rurerure kimena inda. Biteye isoni n’agahinda kuko abanditsi b’ibinyamakuru nibo bafashe iya mbere kureguzwa barega Ikinyamakuru Umuseso ndetse urukiko rukuru “Inama nkuru y’Itangazamakuru “ifata icyemezo cyo gusaba gufunga by’agateganyomu gihe cy’amezi atatu (3) ikinyamakuru cy’Umuseso (ukuri kurazirwa). Abagande bati : “Amazima gakawa” ukuri kurasharira. Bagabobarabo yavuze ukuri mu isoko arabizira ariko kandi ukuri kuratinda ntiguhera, ni ikihe cyaha Umuseso wakoze kiwucisha umutwe, kuko wagereranyije ibigenda n’ibitagenda (kuko mwavanze amasaka n’amasakaramentu). Twebwe bene ubwitwe, nitwe tugomba kwihitiramo ukuri n’ikinyoma “ntituri amatungo bahura mu rwuri, ejo baritwara mu ibagiro bakaribaga ntirimenye gutandukanya iyo minsi yombi. Irya mukuru ntirizinduka riba rigiye kureba! Ejobundi buriya umukuru w’igihugu yarivugiye mu birori by’intore ati: Abanyarwanda bari ugutatu: “Ababona amafuti bati : ntibitureba” ati ababona amafuti bakanga kuyavuga ngo batiteranya, n’abayabona bakambarira urugamba rwo kuyarwanya. Maze umukuru w’igihugu yungamo ati : kandi nkunda uwobona amafuti akayambwira” maze nawe uti iki? Iyaba muri iyo nyandiko y’Umuseso navuze harimo ibitagenda harimo amafuti yego wenda harimo gukabya ariko se koko kuki Umuseso utabishyira ahagaragara? Uwanga ikinyoma abandwa riva. Umuseso si ubwa mbere, bahora bawutera hejuru! Amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu. Nyamara amaherezo y’Umuseso ni uko abawikoma ubigarika ukabarahira aho twinikaga amamera. Ngaho mpere kuri Gahima, ngaho ba Mutsindashyaka akiri Meya wa Kigali “ukuri kuratinda ntiguhera. N’ibya Mutsindashyaka byashyizwe ahagaragara. Polisi Denis yaje yiyasira akubita agatoki ku kandi ashaka gusenya Umuseso nkuko yabyivugiye yagiye kwikanga Umuseso bawuciye ifaranga rimwe; nawe tekereza. “Uwanga igikura abaga umutavu” Umuseso urazira iki? Niba Umuseso uvuze ikinyoma nimuwuvuguruze ariko atari ukuwucisha umutwe! “Yezu ati: mvuze ukuri umpaye iki?” Iyaba mvuze ikinyoma kinshinje. N’Umuseso muwureke uvuge kuko uvugira igihugu uvuga ibitagenda kuko ibyo Umuseso wavuze byakanguye Abanyarwanda barahaguruka barahagarara, babivugaho mu buryo bunyuranye bamwe babihakanya bavuga ibyiza Leta y’ubumwe imaze kugeza ku banyarwanda. Izina niryo muntu; ni iki kiruta amahoroNyine abantu ntibabibona kimwe “nta gihomera amatama abiri.” Umuseso wateye ibuye mu gihuru habukamo igihunyira” watumye Abanyarwanda bivamo nk’inopfu bagaragaza aho bahagaze; ukuri kujya ahagaragara, bagaragaza ukuri aho guhagaze. Amatora aregereje, hagiye kubaho guhiganwa; uzahigwanwa ute n’uwo muvuga rumwe (uruvuga undi ntirubura) mureke bavuge tubavuguruze tumenye icyo bahatse tumenye akabavamo. Abanyarwanda bati : ntayitinya itarungurutse, ntawe utagakanyaga atagahambuye Perezida Museveni wa Uganda ati: iyo ntawe umvuga nabi mba nzi ko ntacyo nkorera igihugu! Mbe Ngera bati wabaye iki? Ati uko nabaye kose kuramaze! Kuki Ngera atatinye abamunenga? Nubwo atiyitayeho bwose, ariko yamenye ko bamunenga nubwo atabigaragaje, ashobora kuba yarisubiyeho. Ikinyabwoya cyikuse mu ziko gishya ubwoya kiravuga kiti nubwo mpiye bwose wa muriro we ndaguhamije. Ngera nubwo yirengagije bwose, ariko yumvise icyo bashakaga kumubwira, utumviye se na nyina yumvira ijeri. Ugiri Imana agira umugira inama. Umuseso ni iki wavuze kitabayeho? Ntihabaye umukuru nk’umuto waribonye “karakuriza karakurutaga?” Umuseso muwuhe icyezi uvuge ukuri ntacyo wishisha! Mudatenguha wanyu intumwa ya rubanda mutahe cyane, ni ah’ubutaha Jean Nepomuscene Gashikazi Nyamanswa Ntindi-Amoti UMUSESO Urup. 14 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, IBIMBABAZA Uburyo FPR inaniza ishoramari mu Rwanda K u matari ya 17-18 Nzeri uyu mwaka, Perezida Kagame azaba ari mu gihugu cy’u Bwongereza, aho azaba ari umwe mu bashyitsi bazatanga ijambo mu nama (Conference), yiga ibijyanye n’amasoko (Emerging Markets Summit). Ni inama izabera ahitwa Park Plaza River Bank, Londres, mu Bwongereza. Iyo nama yatewe inkunga n’ikigo cy’u Bwongereza cy’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari (UK Trade and Investment), ikaba izitabirwa n’abandi bahanga mu by’ubukungu batandukanye n’abayobozi b’ibihugu bitandukanye. Muri abo harimo Minisitiri w’intebe wa Turkey, Receptyyip Erdogan, Guverineri wa Banki nkuru y’igihugu ya Argentina, Martin Redrado na Brooks Entwisle, umuyobozi mukuru wa sosiyte ya Goldman Sachs ishami ry’u Buhinde. Abo bose n’abandi bayobozi batandukanye bazavugira muri iyo nama ibijyanye n’amasoko agenda avuka n’ibindi bikorwa bijyanye n’ubukungu. Muri iyo nama nkuko bisanzwe, birumvikana ko Perezida Kagame azagaragariza abazitabira iyo nama ko u Rwanda ari igihugu ubu gifite umutekano, politiki nziza, politiki y’ishoramari ihamye kandi gifite byinshi byo gushoramo imari. Azavuga akamaro ko kuza gushora mu Rwanda no mu karere mu bijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo, ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT), ubukerarugendo n’ibindi byinshi. Azagaragaza ko muri rusange, hari umwuka mwiza, akangurire abashoramari kuza mu Rwanda gushora imari yabo. Azavuga kandi ko mu Rwanda ubu hari ipiganwa rigaragara kandi ko barikeneye cyane kuko ari yo nkingi y’iterambere. Azagaragaza ko gupiganwa ku isoko ari ngombwa, agaragaze ibyiza byabyo. Ibyo byose azabigaragaza muri disikuru yateguye neza, ku buryo nyuma y’ijambo rye hazabaho andi magambo yo kumushimira. Ndetse ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye i Burayi nka Economist n’ibindi ibyo mu karere nka Independent ya Uganda, na New Times bizaba bibonye inkuru nyamukuru nkuko bisanzwe. Azanagira umwanya wo gutanga ibiganiro aho Londres, asubiremo ibya politiki nziza arimo kubaka mu Rwanda, ishoramari ririmo gutera imbere n’uburyo bifuza abantu kuza gushora imari. Ni umwanya mwiza kuri Perezida Kagame. Hari abazaba bicuza imari bashoye mu Rwanda Mu gihe Kagame azaba atanga iryo jambo, i Kigali hari benshi bazaba barimo kwicuza impamvu bashoye mu Rwanda. Muri abo, harimo umushoramari w’Umwongereza wasenyewe Hoteli Nyarutarama n’ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Gasabo (byabaye mu minsi mike ashize), Assinapol Rwigara (umunyarwanda), wananijwe kurangiza hoteli ye, Elie Ngirabakunzi bananije guteza imbere uruganda rw’ibibiriti i Butare ndetse bakaza no kurufunga kubera impamvu za politiki n’abandi banyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bananijwe gukorera mu Rwanda kubera politiki igoye y’ubukungu, bazaba barimo gutekereza ibindi. Abo bose bumvise FPR ivuga kuva mu 1994, barayumvira barashora, none ubu baricuza. Kagame arimo arahamagara abandi. Muri rusange, Kagame amaze kubona umwanya uhagije kugaragaza u Rwanda nk’igihugu gifite politiki nziza, wo guhamagarira abanyamahanga kuza gushora imari mu Rwandani byiza. Nyamara, mu kuri, hari ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye no gushora imari mu Rwanda, abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga. Ikibazo cya FPR mu bucuruzi Nubwo bitari muri politiki izwi y’ishoramari mu Rwanda, ni ukuri ko umucuruzi ukomeye wa mbere mu Rwanda ari FPRishyaka riri ku butegetsi. Kuri bamwe nta nubwo ari FPR, ni imiryango imwe ifite izo mbara- na Charles B. KABONERO ga ikoresha izina rya FPR. Kuba mu bucuruzi si ikibazo ubwacyo, ikibazo kirimo kinajyana n’ibyo Kagame avuga muri disikuru ze, ni ingaruka bigira ku ipiganwa ku isoko. Nk’ubu Tristar na RIG, sosiyete ebyiri FPR ikoresha mu bucuruzi, zateye amatako muri ‘sector’ hafi ya zose z’ubucuruzi. Mu itumanaho (MTN), ubwubatsi (NPD, Real Construction), ibigo by’imari, inganda (urugero, Inyange, CIMERWA n’izindi), umutekano (Intersec), kugurisha ibintu (Mutara Enterprises n’izindi) n’ibindi byinshi. Ikibazo; ku muntu uzi imikorere ya FPR, ni nde wapigana n’ibigo byayo ku isoko? Ntibishoboka. Ni mpamvu ki byafashe imyaka isaga icumi (10), kugira ngo MTN ishobore kugira mukeba (nubwo n’abemerewe bafitanye isano na Leta)? Impamvu irazwi; ni uko Tri-star yari ifitemo imigabane, myinshi ndetse. Bashakaga kubanza kugwiza inyungu bafite ‘monopoly’. Ubu mu bwubatsi, niho biganisha. Amasoko ni aya NPD, Real Construction, n’abandi bantu bake nabo bafitanye isano ya hafi na FPR kandi bazwi ibukuru. Icyo ni kimwe mu bigize politiki itagaragarira amaso y’ishoramari mu Rwanda. Hari abacuruzi bahabwa amasoko mu bintu badasanzwe banakora, mu gihe hari ababikora babifitiye n’uburambe, ariko batazwi muri FPR cyangwa ibukuru. Ninde wahatana na Hatari Sekoko na Doyelcy ye, John Bosco Rusagara mu Rwanda? Birazwi ko bidashoboka. Ari abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bashora imari mu Rwanda, nyuma y’igihe gito barabimenya. Bamwe bakiyirukana abandi bakajya gutereta kureba ako gasagurirwa. Muri politiki y’ishoramari harimo byinshi Claire Akamazi wa Rwanda Development Board atabwira abashoramari. Ntabwo ababwira ko kugira ngo ukorere mu Rwanda neza, byaba byiza ufatanyije na Tri- star, mugashora hamwe, ubundi ukabona amasoko kubera ko uhagarikiwe n’intare. Ntabwo ababwira ko kubabarirwa imisoro imwe n’imwe n’ibindi, bijyana n’umubano wawe n’abategetsi bitajyana ahanini n’umushinga mwiza ufite n’akamaro uzagirira abaturage. Abaturage ni iki? Ntabwo ababwira ko byaba byiza ubagishije inama ku bakozi uzaha akazi. Hari abakozi waha akazi, bigatuma title yawe y’umushoramri ihinduka umwanzi w’igihugu. Ibyo byose, Akamazi ntabwo abisobanurira abashoramari bityo na Perezida Paul Kagame ntabwo yabivuigira Londres, ariko nibyo bihari, kandi abashoramari bari mu Rwanda ubu barabizi. Ntabwo nabivuga ngo mbirangize. Inama nziza, ni ijambo ryiza Nyakubahwa Perezida. [email protected] UMUSESO Urup. 15 No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, AMATORA FPR yiyemereye ko amatora ari umuhango abajya mu myanya baba bazwi Iikurikira urup. 7 bafite, ubuyobozi bushobora kubigorora no kubishyira ku murongo, bityo n’ibisubizo byabyo bakabyibonamo. Bimaze kugaragara, ko abayobozi badakunze kubaza abaturage mbere yo kubaha amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza. Iyo umuntu amaze kuva muri rubanda rwa giseseka abaye umuyobozi, usanga kwicisha bugufi ngo yumve ba baturage yavuyemo bitamworohera. Iyo yamaze kugera ku mwanya w’ubuyobozi, kuboneka kwe biba biruhije, ugasanga abashinzwe ubunyamabanga bw’umuyobozi babwira abaturage ko uwo muyobozi ataboneka kubera akazi kenshi, cyangwa se bakanakubwira ko adahari, kandi wenda ahari! Abakozi benshi bakenerwa n’abaturage igihe bagerera ku kazi, nacyo usanga akenshi kitubahiriza amasaha aba azwi yashyizweho. Iyo bamaze ku- hagera nabwo, babanza kwikoza hirya no hino basuhuzanya bihugenza, bakaza kwakira abaturage barambiwe. Mu nzego z’ibanze, abaturage barinubira uko serivisi zitangwa Gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2001. Kugeza ubu, ubuyobozi bwegereye abaturage koko, ariko abayobozi ntibegera abaturage, ahubwo abaturage nibo bahora bashaka kwegera abayobozi, ariko kubabona biragoye kuko basiragira bakaruha. Mu Tugari n’Imirenge usanga handitse gahunda y’igihe babonanira n’abaturage, ariko iyo ugeze hirya no hino mu gihugu kuri izo nzego, usanga abaturage bashaka abayobozi ari benshi, kandi hakaba ubwo bakubwira ko bahaje kenshi ibibazo byabo bidakemurwa. Genda uzagaruke ejo ni imvugo ishaje ariko iracyakora muri izo nzego, kandi ejo bihora ari ejo! Ibi birasa na wa wundi ufite butiki wandika ku muryango we ngo: ushaka ideni azaze ejo”, waza ugasanga na none ari ejo! Nk’uko Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rukunze kubivuga, muri izo nzego umuti w’ikaramu n’andi magambo Gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2001. Kugeza ubu, ubuyobozi bwegereye abaturage koko, ariko abayobozi ntibegera abaturage nk’ayo abwirwa umuturage kugira ngo bagire icyo bamukorera biracyarangwa muri izo nzego nk’inzira ya ruswa. Kugira ngo umenye icyo ugomba gutanga kugira ngo ukemurirwe ikibazo, urumva ko uba uhasiragiye kenshi kugira ngo uzamenye ayo marenga wibwirize! Icyuho kiri aha, ni uko bamwe mu bayobozi b’ibanze bakenerwa kenshi n’abaturage badahembwa. Ibi nibyo bikunze koroshya inzira ya ruswa n’ibisa nayo. Muri rwa rwego rwo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi, Uturere twaragabanyijwe hasigara 30, Intara zisigara ari enye n’Umujyi wa Kigali, hagamijwe ko ibibazo byajya birangirira mu nzego zo hasi, ariko n’ubu ibibazo biza kuri izo nzego biracyari byinshi. Ibi byagaragajwe n’ibibazo abaturage batura Perezida wa Repubulika iyo yagendereraga izo nzego. Kubona Meya cyangwa Umuyobozi w’Intara uri umuturage woroheje utahafite icyitso cyangwa utahazwi biragoye. Abanyamabanga b’abo bayobozi nibo bazi umubare w’abaturage bahora basiragira bagataha batabonye serivisi bashakaga, bikazabasaba kuzagaruka, nabwo batizeye kuzamubona kubera akazi kenshi ngo aba afite, cyangwa se ngo yagiye mu nama! Kugira ngo umuturage azabonane na Minisitiri, ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye. Umunyamabanga we iyo atakubwiye ko adahari kandi wenda anahari, akubwira ko ugomba kwandika ubisaba akazagusubiza, bityo ugataha ukazaza gufata igisubizo cyemera cyangwa gihakana. Iyo Minisitiri adahari, nta wundi ukemura ikibazo cy’umuturage cyananiranye mu zindi nzego! Ni ryari inzego z’ibanze zizashobora gukemura ibibazo by’abaturage aho kubitinya cyangwa kubitera? Habuhazi Innocent Urup. 16 Kwamamaza UMUSESO No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, Plastic Water Tank Roto Toilets LoftWater Tank Horizonta Water Tank ROTO s.a.r.l Kucukiro hateganye na Dalas Petrol Station. B.P. 6472 Kigali - Rwanda. Tel: (+250) 512310, Mob: 0788303966/ 0788530665, email: [email protected]
