Biometrics-based Web Access - Computer Science and Engineering
Transcription
Biometrics-based Web Access - Computer Science and Engineering
"!#$!&%')(+*,.-!0/12'4365')7)')18,9')*:;<!>=@?)ABA
CEDGFIHKJMLBNODQP4L@RTSVUWRNXFYLBDGJ[Z]\Q^_D`P\aD<HTPbdcePgfh^iPgDQDGJ2^jPgf
kd^j\ml^_f4HTPnZ4L8H)L2DpoqP^_rhDGJ2st^_LvuwgcHTsxLqy0HTPst^jPgfwk{ze|4}}4~|
B HK^jPwFJBHKlH)
)HgwJ2Rsts2HKJ2YPT\QsMDTNOstYD`bY
. KGM
6+6B+x+ t¡Ma¢a¤£+¥8¦a+ tx£+¤£§aM¨©ª6i«]M£§¬E©6£® _¥M¯q°]6±G¨²¬M¥E¤£+¥8¦6³
©M´M£§x¦GB¥V¦G£+µm¢6²©a£+«¥.©²¤¶6§GM6´M6·¸M£§¹x+tV±Q6¢6+ ´ta6´0²a´t.+6£§ i¥
M6+6B+x+ tW©¥8+©¹º©+¨¨»£+¹MGM9M¦»¦G£+M±G¨ ¹¯¼t¹²¦Q¨ ¤¶.¦QM+©«M£§¢aIx£§M©¥©
·M£§´M«Ia¨ >+¹²¦Q¨ ¦GM++«]M£§¢Gx£§²M+¨ ¥½´ta+©¢@±B¥@aaM6+aM£§ ¾¢W¦`£®©ta¯0¿8µM£®M¨M·
+6±G t¹©£§§ax£§M¤©£®©+IM·KM½G¢a µm¢aaM¨ax£§aaÀ86Ma¢¢6²6M§GM6´MµM£+¹²M¯
6©>¦a£+M¦»£++¹&x¬M>±Q t¹²©£§«¨¨T+a ©¢@·¸M£M6+6B+x+ t¯6+6B+x+ t[©¥mó
©Á ¹h±GM+¢ÄtÄÅQ6´M£+¦G£§B+ÆxµMt¤MÆB £®ÆMMa¢²aMa¢Ä´Mt¹©£+¥Ä¤¶m+T·¸M£x¦a¦Q¨x+ taT+a®M
¦GM+©¦»M£+¤t2©£§t¨ÇÆÂ·M£§a+Æ»M6©t¹x+0©¨¨ £¹&M§aaÆÂ¢6£§ µM£¨¤a+MÆ`Ma¢@±»M£§¢6£¤tm³
©£+t¨Ç¯ÈÉ +@+6G¤£+M+6´V´M£+«I+[M·+6ÄÊÃ2©£®6ÆÂ+6£+e6¢Ë©e£+©©£®¤M¤+©
©a++ µM¢ax+>te+6È[±©²M6+6M£§¾¢.G©£§¯È[aµM¢aµM¨ M¦»¢V>¦a£+M©Mi¥B¦»©¥m©©¹
«Ia®&a+aMa¢V´Mt¹²©£+¥&©>M6+a2+x©a©£®©>£+©©£§¤]M¤+©>«]±.¦Gx´M¯hÊÃa +M¨
µvM¨ax+ tWM·h+60¦G£+M©M_¥8¦»>©¥m©©¹Ìa¤t6£§x´ta´6¯¿m¹¨x£©§aGÀBaM@±»0a+¢½©
M6+6B+x©¦»M¦G¨·¸M£¤³_¤t¹¹£§¤0x¦a¦Q¨x+ ta¯
t¹²©£®ÆÊÃ2©£®6Vx¦a¦Q¨x+ taÆga_«M£+¬<©a£§ _¥MÆM6+6B+x+ tÂÆ
a¤£+Í9¥8¦aÎBÏÂ+ ÐÄtÂÑ Æ6vaÒKMMGÓ¡¢Ô ´Mt¹²©£+¥MÆQÈ[±9¦Gx´M
Õ Ö4×ËØÙÚªÛ¡Ü¡ÝØgÞvÚ9×
Êi«gM46M4¨ ta´x´M+ax4©¥m©©¹ß©6£® _¥>++6T©8M¬>±QM+¬Ä©x4©©¥m©©¹à¦»£+·¸M£§¹Ma¤M¯
m¢a¥MÆ8+a£+]Mea¤£§M©¢Va¢V·¸M£6_«M£+¬&+6£§ i¥&Mt6£+8 i¥V]±»¤t¹6´>¹²M£+
+Á ´tB+¨ ¥.2©£§¤tG6¤©¢Â¯ÈÉ +W¹M++µM+6£+´MM·hB©£+©e+6ÊÃ2©£®6IMa¢+aµxM¨á³
x±G¨_¥M·]¨«³_¤t©£§+¢6B+M¨K±a£+tM¢6±GMG¢W6i«]M£§¬8a´.·¸M£6t¹²Ma¢Ë+¹&M¨¨T2©£+¦G£§©Æ
¹²M£+²Ma¢[¹²M£§²¦`M¦Q¨ >GµM&M¤+©+6²ÊjB©£§6¯ Á 6£§Ä86´MM¹²tG2M·g©a+á³
+ µM¤t¹&¹²£§M¨ÇÆ8¦»£§©taM¨âÆ2¹¨+x£+¥>MG¢&´MµM£§a¹²B+M¨»6·¸M£§¹x+ t&t&+6ÊjB©£§6]+ax
6¢a©V±»>©6£+¢@©.+axtG¨ ¥½M6+6M£§¾¢9¦»M¦G¨ 0MW´tMWM¤+¯È[±ª©£§µ8¤¢6¤³
¦»a¢etÊÃ2©£§aI°4£+M©m¤t¨ã¸ÊðägGM¹²©£+µm¤M¯4Êj·TM9¹²¦»t©©£´tMaIM¤+©+aaM¹²
©£+µm¤MÆ»+6Ä©6£§ i¥½±GM©¢@tˤM£+£+¨x+6´eaM¹²Ma¢@6_«M£+¬@M¢a¢6£+++«¨¨·åM¨Ç¯ Á 6
æ§çètéáêhëKìíiîéáêhï2ðí_ñjéòðóôóòõêiötïtï8ìíiñi÷®ø>ùxõúâûüdý+ìþñjíjðý©ñhÿ4ì ©£§M¢a +taM¨6¹²+6m¢²M·ÂM6+6B+x+ t&£+ÀBG £+ha+£§aM¹²Ma¢¦GM+©«M£§¢²«IG§²4©£§Maó
¹ ©©¢ËM¦»a¨ ¥½M¤£§t+6i«]M£+¬`¯ Á 6Ä£§©¬9M·¦GM++«]M£§¢ËµM+¢6£+M¦G¦G6´M˱»Ä£+¢aa¤¢
±B¥.+6G©M·KG¤£+¥B¦G+ t©§G6t¨ M´t ¯
)M0¹²£+´ta´©®a6t¨ M´M¥«a§0M6+6B+x©a©£§K±8¥+6 £)¦Q2¥m+M¨
Ma¢É±»aµm M£§M¨ ®! ax£§M¤©£§©+9MG¢ÉM±Bµmx©½+aª6¢$©p£+¹¹±»£½¡¦GM§©«]M£®¢Â¯dÊi
M¨©½£§ÀBa£++6¦»£§+t[©9±»M6+6B+x©¢E©9±»²¦GB¥8§M¨¨ ¥W¦a£+©B0x+a&¦»tBM·
M6+6B+x+ t¯ Ô t¹²©£§Æm©M´M+6£«I +ea¤£§¥B¦a+t.x¦Gx±G¨ M·T¦a£+µ8¢G6´·¸8t¨ ¦a£+8M·
©6£§_¥·¸M£hÈ[±&M¤+Ma¢Ä¤³_¤t¹¹²£§¤M¯ Á 6£+ghM²a¤£§M+6´©£+a¢>©a©g±Gt¹²©£§
ª¤t "+aa¤+t[«I +ËM+6£>©§G6t¨ M´t 0·M£0©6£§ i¥M¯ Á 6&M¢a¢a+ taM¨h¤t©0M·±Q t¹²©£§
©a©M£®6¢a©½±»Ä£+¢aa¤¢[MG¢[¤ta+©©G¤¥@Ma¢Ë£§¨x±G¨ _¥eM··x+6£§²¤¶8©£§M¤+tqMa¢
¹x+§G6´M¨ ´MM£§ +G¹¹²¦a£+µM¢@·M£+aI©±»>·M+±G¨ M¯0¿8t¹²ÄM·]+6²±G t¹²©£®©G©M£§Æ
M¯ ´6¯ ÆqM¹²£®qMa¢pq¹¤£+M¦Gat6½x£+9±»¤t¹6´ª¨ «³â¦a£§¤½©+MG¢ax£§¢¡M¦a+tatp°g¼g¯
¿8+M¹²¦6³_§ ¾>+t¨¢@©+x©²ÅQ6´M£§¦a£§Bx¦a+a£+²¢6µ8¤x£§>¤¶m¦»¤©¢Ë©±»¤t¹²ÄµM£+¥W®6x¦
$ã #&% ägMa¢¹&¥e©Bte±»µxM¨x±G¨t¨x¦a©M¦G
¯4ÈÉ +eM¤¶m¦`¤©¢¢a£+M¦½.+6¦a£§¤
M·±G(t' ¹²©£§0£+M¢6£§MG¢@M˹£+´t6´6¢Ë·¸M£*)©! 6£§ i¥MƱG t¹©£§>M6+6B+x+ tË«I¨¨
±»¤t¹²µM£+¥.¦»M¦Ga¨x£+a6x£·å6+6£+M¯
ÊÃ<+G.¦Gx¦»£.«[M¢a¢6£+§V+aË++6WM·±G t¹©£§ ³â±GM©¢ÉM¤+½©+a@È[±)¯ 6
·M§ ±G¨_¥ËM·+G§¡Ë©¥m©©¹ Ä¢6¹²ta+©£§x©¢ ±B¥¢6+ ´tG6´W@¦a£§M©M_¥8¦`©¥m©©¹ «IGÁ §
a©>aMa¢q´Mt¹²©£+¥ -Æ , ©WµM£§·¥ª@a©£ÄMa¢ª´tµM.a¹M¤+Ä©@¦Gx£++G¨x£ÅQ¨t
+69È[±)¯O2¥¡M+a£.*+ ±Q t! ¹²©£§ *.! ã¸M¯ ´6¯ ÆIÅQ6´M£+¦G£§B&Ma¢ +¦`®Qä&¹¥p±»@a©¢"
+¹¨x£«¥M¯]¿m¹¨x£+¥8©©¹&h±GM©¢&tÄÅQ6´M£+¦G£§B */0! Ma¢²·åM¤ 21! ¹¥²©Bt&±»µxM¨x±G¨
¤t¹¹²£§M¨¨ ¥M¯6M+6£©¥m©©¹ ±QM©¢[tª©¦»x¬M£0µM£§áÅQx+ t *30! Mª±»¹²m¢aáÅG¢ËMa¢
a©¢e©V£+©©£§¤M¤§©&+aÈ[±¯
4
5
ÚØÞ 687&ØÞvÚ9× 7.×¡Û 9;:<:g>Ü = ?ØÞÚW>× :
VN M¼¿m ã Mx+ taM¨¼g2©£.·M£½¿m6¦»£§¤t¹¦G6+6´Ë¦a¦G¨v³
+A t@a®Cäh¹²BADE+G6FHmIJ¢M·@M6+IK6*BL+! x+ t&«Ia®²£+©©£®¤+M¤+©P O RÁ QTS ¢6ma¹²B+Ma¢V©£+µM£
¢a £+¤©M£® ©+6t+µm+ ©M£§g«6´t µMµvM¨¢½a©£§GM¹²Ma¢¦GM§©«]M£®¢Â¯ Á Gg·x+a£+M¨á³
¨ ««]±G¹&M©©£§4©£§©©£§¤4M¤+©¤£++M&¢a £+¤©M£§¯ Á 6a©£§aM¹hMa¢Äa¤£+¥8¦a©¢
¦GM+©«M£§¢ax£+g¬M¦ah>«±G¹M©©£©³_¹&M2+M6¢0ÅQ¨ M¯K6+6B+x+ tıQM©¢>tĦGM+©«M£§¢a
+a§¤¦a+ ±G¨ >©9¤t¹²¦G£+t¹©Ä±8¥@Mq¹²¦»t©©£ÆÂ¦Gx£§+a¨x£§¨¥9+a¤Ä+6G©£6¢[6M±`
¦a£+©Bx+6Ħ»tBM·gM6+6B+x+ t¯>°M+©«M£§¢aMqM¨©±»Ä·M£+´MM©©¯ Ô t¹©£§Æ
«Ia®£§·£§T©M6+6B+x+ tÄM·G¦`M¦Q¨ ]±QM©¢>t0+a £¦G2¥m+ t¨M´tM¨2M£±»aµ8 M£®M¨B®ax£©³
M¤©£§©+G6£+B+¨ ¥¹²M£+Ä£+¨x±Q¨ Ma¢@aMVG ´t6£¢a+¤£§¹ax+ tx¦Qx±G¨ i¥+aM
+6¬m6«I¨ ¢6´M¤³â±GM+¢Wx¦a¦G£+tM§6²ãåǯ M¯ Æ`¬m6«I6´&+60¦GM+©«M£§¢a 䮯Q±»Ma©0+6±Q t¹²©£§
§ax£®M¤©£§©+>x£+eaaÀ86²©WM§¦»£§©t¯eÈ[.«I¨¨h¢6¹ta©©£§x©.+ax00·M+±G¨ ²©
¢6+ ´t±G t¹²©£§ ³â±GM©¢M¤+¹²§GMa+¹{·¸M£+6È[±)¯
ÊÃ Ô M+@6+6B+x+ t *L! Æ+6@¦GM++«]M£§¢"V©£§Ma+¹& ©©¢ µM£+6Ë6_«M£+¬<Me
¢ V>©©£§6´£§x+a£+aM.a¤£+¥8¦a©¢Â¯]¿86Æm+6¦GM++«]M£§¢eM.±»M§¨ ¥&¢6¤m¢6¢.±8¥
U a6a¤m¢6W
©t¹²t6V«I69x±G¨ ©@x¦a+6£+V+6£§´t2¦QM+¬M¯ Á 6£§&x£+Va+¨ + µvM¨x±G¨ ²«IG§
MËM+¨ ¥½ÅQa¢Ë+a®W¦QM+¬M+¯ M£+²©6£+²M6+6B+x+ tqM˱`>¦a£+µ8¢6¢@±B¥@©a¢aa´
+6¦QM+©«M£§¢½a¤£§¥B¦a©¢¯ ©¥8Q +©¹ ±GM+¢½tW±G t¹²©£§¹0G©M¨+&©£§Ma§¹ I¢ax+&±GM+¬
©[+6©£+µM£²«IG§ M ±»¢6t6a+a´9a¤£+¥8¦a+ t¯qµMp¹M£+©6£+½¹²+a8¢
X
©.G©.¢aaM¨á³â¬M¥ea¤£+¥8¦a+ tW©¥m©©¹ «6£+taM·h+60¬M¥8¢6£§ µM¢9·£+t¹ +6Ä©a©¢
±G t¹²©£® +©¨·i¯gÊý+aI¦Gx¦»£ÆG6«]µM£Æ`««¨¨6M¤ta¤£§Wt6£§©¨µMI«I++a++6M¯
Y M£½+¹¦G¨ i¥Mƨ .GVM+§a¹²@+axV+a@a·M£§¹&x+ t V©£§Ma§¹ ©©¢"µM£+6Ë6i«]M£+¬
@+6£+e«¥M¯ Á 6.++6.>©[¦a£+µm¢6e˹²M£+©6£§ @0DEGFH(IZ[@0I ]¯ \6£²©¥m©©¹
©+¨¨Ka© Ô M+Äa+62+x+ t *L! M¦a£§µm¢6¢W±B^¥ M¼¿mà©e£++©£§¤M¤+©e+60«±
©£+µM£¢G £+¤©M£§ ÆÂ±G6a©±Q t¹²©£§G©©M¢[M·¦GM+©«M£§¢a·¸M£M6+6B+x+ t¯²ÈÉ +
+69G¤£+M+6´[M¤¦a+x±Q¨ i¥M·±Gt¹²©£§Æ]«]@M2+ ¦Gx©½+axV+a§<[·åM¨ i¥E«I¨¨±`
B©´M£§x©¢ +a^ M¼I¿m_ O ÁÁ a° ` ã OI¥8¦»£ Á ¤¶8 Á £§Ma+·£&°£+M©m¤t¨ `x¹²tQäMa¢¡«I¨¨
±»¤t¹²²©+Ma¢Gx£§¢Â¯
¼g68t+a´V.©¦»áÅQ±Q t¹²©£§0.¹& "ÃM£¢6+´tW§+6Mc¯ b]M§Ë±Gt¹²©£§0aM +I«I
©©£+6´M+GVMa¢"¨¹& +x+ taÆgMa¢<M¤M£§¢a6´t¨¥¡M§"±G t¹²©£®½V+a +x±G¨½·M£eE¦Gx£++m³
¨x£Ma+62+x+ tËx¦a¦G¨x+t¯ 6ÅQa´M£+¦a£§Bóâ±GM©¢WM6+6B+x+ t@©¥m©©¹x£+0µM£§¥
¦»M¦Ga¨x£qa ´t©6£® _¥ªx¦a¦Q¨xÁ + ta¯ Á 6£+.x£+MÆ46«]µM£Æ]Ba¹0±»£M·¦G£§ µxM¤¥Ë++6
M+©mx©¢W«I +©£§MG©·£§£§6´ÄÅQa´M£+¦a£§B+µM£+6>6_«M£+¬`¯ Y 6´M£+¦a£®2+£+µMM¨)·åx£I©8
¹0G§e6·¸M£§¹x+ tVx±»t6]0¦»£§©t d ¢6B+ _¥M¯hÈ[aµM®6t©e©Äa©aMa¢&´Mt¹²©£+¥&·¸M£
+6+M©¬ÄM·`µM£§áÅQx+ t±`MG©aMa¢Ä´Mt¹²©£§¥Ä4¢a©+a¤+ µM6t6´t²·¸M£4µM£§áÅ`x+ t²±G6
6MgµM£+¥eM6£§x©·¸M£¢6B+áÅQx+ t¯ 6£++6£Æm¦»M¦G¨ x¦a¦»x£©²±»¹M£+¤t¹²·¸M£++x±G¨
´t µm6´&+a £GMa¢9´Mt¹©£+¥W¹²M§6£+Y¹²B+£§x+6£+aM@+6 £ÅQ6´M£+¦G£§B+A¯ \6£©¥m©©¹
ta¨ ¥VµM£§áÅG«6+6£+6G©£Ia¢6¢.«I660¨M¹g©±»M¯
egfihHjlkm Hnporq m8sutwvcxzy^{|~}xzjlkzm q |~hHmyH^mxk[H
]Ø ;:gÞ9×
\6£4©¥m©©¹ßM&±»g¨M´tM¨¨ ¥>¢a µm¢6¢ÄB©_«0a¢a¦`G¢62¹²m¢aa¨ ¯ 6gÅQ£§©h¹²m¢aa¨
+6aMa¢Ä´Mt¹©£+¥2³â±QM©¢&M6+a2+x+t©¥m©©¹Æ2Ma¢Ä+a©¤ta¢¹²mÁ¢aa¨¢6M¨«I +Ä+6
¨ Bó_©£+µM£4B©£§M¤+ tÄ©£§©©£§¤ ´M£§MBM¤+4©+6g«]±¯È[gÅG£®©h¢6+¤£§ ±»]+6aMa¢m³
´Mt¹²©£+¥±GM+¢M6+6B+x+ t0©¥m©©¹;«IG§+©B+M¨¨ ¥¦Gx©©£§£+¤M´ta +t©¥m©©¹¯
È[&aµM&¢6µM¨ M¦»¢[e¦a£+M©Mi¥B¦»©¥m©©¹MG¢[aµM©+©¢q tª¢ax+x±QM©&MÀ8a £+¢Ë
˨x±»M£§x©M£+¥ªBµ8£+ta¹²B¯¼g6£§£+2+¨¥MÆh«]x£+e«M£+¬86´Wt¡M¨´MM£§ +a¹>©[¹²¦G£+µMe+6
©¥m©©¹¦»£+·¸M£§¹Ma¤²Ma¢ªµM£§áÅQx+ tq©¦»¢[M·gt6£©¥m©©¹¯ Á 6©¤ta¢ª¹8¢aG¨ ²+6
¨ Bó_©£+µM£eB©£§M¤+ t<+axV¤¶6§GM6´MeaMa¢p´Mt¹©£+¥<¢ax+Ma¢ £+©©£§¤+.M¤+.©
¤£++MC O RÁ QTS ¢6ma¹²B+¯
r
N: <=
Rc ¡l¢¤£~¥p¦§¨A§¡ª©¬« g©®c;¦Z¢¯¦Wl
È[ÅG£§©±a£§°G¥²t6+¨aIt6£a©£Ma+62+x+ te©¥8+©¹d«Ia®.]±QM©¢.t>+M·TaMa¢
´Mt¹²©£+¥·x+a£+¯ Á 6.MÀ8a§ + t ©¥m©©¹ ¤t¹²¦a£§©>M·Ë¨ ´tB>+t6£§¤MÆ]ËM¹²£®mÆ
+6´t¨¹ £+£§M£Ma¢@u °Qx+6£+·åM¤.㸫I+½ÅGµMĦ»´tt@®ä®¯ Á 60a+£¦G¨M¤GI£® ´t2aMa¢
tq+a.+a£+·¸M¤V³¦GM¨¹ ·¸Ma´W¢6«I"㸦»M¦G¨&«I +@¢a+x±G¨ _¥Ëq£§ ´tB0aMa¢M¦G¨M¤
+6 £I¨·IGMa¢½t9+6+6£§·¸M¤³¦GM¨¹{·åM6´V6¦`䮯 Á 6ÅGµM0¦»´tI©£+µM>MI¤tB©£+t¨K¦`t2+
·M£x¦a¦G£+M¦a£§x©0¦G¨M¤¹²BM·+6Äa©£ d GMa¢Â¯ Á 6Ĺ £+£+M£¦a£+µ8¢6e+¢6µm «OM·+6
aMa¢Â¯4² ±¤³Êg¢6µM¨ M¦»¢©&¦a£+µm¢6¨ µMµ8+aM¨`·¢a±GM+¬M·T+6©M¦@Ma¢½+¢aµm «IM·
+6aMa¢Â¯hÊÃ.+66£+£§2g¦a£+M©Mi¥B¦»¹¦G¨ ¹²B+x+ tÂÆ6 / , '´ , 30'u3 ³â±G g´M£§¥8+M¨¹x´M
M·h+60GMa¢9MÀBG £+¢Eã Y ´ta£+ 䮯 Á 6i«]e¹MW¹²8¢Ga¨ W&aMG¢½´Mt¹²©£+¥9±GM©¢
µM£§áÅQx+t¡©¥8+©¹ x£+ µªãå2ä>+6e6£+t¨¨¹²2Ĺ²m¢aa¨ eMa¢;㸱`ä+6µM£®áÅQx+ t ¹²m¢aa¨ M¯
Á 6©i«].¹²m¢aa¨ gx£+¢a+¤£§ ±»¢.±»¨ «¯
egfihHjlkzm XJn em0|xzjlkzm¶¯m·Jxzk|~{xmN¸$kyH¹x q mufiT|hHmPy~¸<| q |~lº
»
¼º½¿¾½À¾
獀
Å-Æ¿ÆÀÇÉÈJÂ-Ê
¼º½¿¾½GÌ
ÍuÈZÄ
ÎÏ<ÐHÑJÊÒοÅ-Â
4µM£+¥a+£«I6«+6g©.M¤+&«]±9¦Gx´M0¹>a©ÅQ£§©6£+t¨¨a¹+¨ ·i¯ Á 66£+t¨¨¹²2
¹²m¢aa¨ ²0a©¢[©@M¢a¢ª9a« a©£0©9+6&¢Gx+x±GM©&M£>6¦Â¢ax©9a£+£+Ba©£d ¦a£+xÅQ¨
M£·¸x+6£+µM¤©M£¯Ë`6£§a´.a£+t¨¨¹²BÆÂÅGµM¹x´MM·g+6+M¹&aMa¢[x£+Vx¦a+6£+¢Â¯V
·x+a£+VµM¤©M£¤¶m©£§M¤©¢ ·¸M£0M®¡aMa¢q¹x´MM¯ Á 6ÅGµM.·¸x+6£+.µM¤©M£§²x£+e©©M£+¢
M©¹²¦G¨x©9+a¢ax+x±GM©²·¸M£M§qG©£¯ Á a>+ ¶8©Ë´Mt¹²©£®Ä·x+a£+¤¶m©£§M¤©¢
·£§t¹ M®½¹x´Mx£+_¥8¦GM¨¨ ¥²+a¨ a´M+a]MG¢V«¢6+aM·+6ÅQ6´M£§ÆmM©¦»¤g£§x+ >M·+6
¦GM¨¹ºM£ÅQ6´M£§Æ»+a+¬m6+M·4+6²aMa¢ÆQ+x¯ Y ´ta£+ ) ¨¨a©©£§x©+6Ä+á¶m©W´Mt¹©£§
·x+a£+¤¶m©£§M¤©¢½·¸£+t¹n&aMa¢Â¯
b
£§áÅQx+t2µMt¨µM¹x+§G6´²+6·¸x+6£+¤¶m©£§M¤©¢9·£+t¹n+6´t µMaMa¢e©&©¹²¦G¨x©
M·+6+M¹²¦»£§©tV¦a£+µm ta+¨¥06£§t¨¨ ¢.&+a©¥m©©¹¯hÊÃVt6£©¥8+©¹Æ60+Gx¦G+6MM·+6
aMa¢0+x¬MÂÆ´Mt¹²©£®.·x+6£§>x£§eM¨a¨x©¢ a+a´9+6e+M¹²eM¨ ´MM£§ +G¹ MÄE+6
6£+t¨¨¹²2¹²m¢aa¨>Ma¢Ë+a²£++a¨ +6´V·¸x+6£+²µM¤©M£>¤t¹²¦Gx£§¢[«I +@+6t©+©M£+¢ª
+6¢ax+x±GM+·¸M£+6¦»£§©t©&±`µM£§ ÅG¢Â¯
Ó
r¬Ô
ÕÖ§¦Z¡ª©[×l©[ÙØK §¦J¦ÚcÜÛ
¥
6£M¤+¹²®aMa+¹Ìa©+6M¿G¼gwd ©+Ma¢Gx£§¢ Ô M+06+6B+x+ t *L! ©V£§©©£§¤
M¤+K©I«±¢a £+¤©M£§¥M¯ Y ´t6£§ + +6«IÂ+6¨ 2v+£+µM£KB©£§M¤+ t·M£+a46£+t¨¨¹²2
Ma¢ M¤+²M·©6£+e¦Gx´M¯Ý\a¨ ¥[t6.ÅQ¨Ëã¸M¯ ´6¯ Æga¢6¤¶»¯ B+¹¨ä>M¨¨ «¢ M¤++6
¢a £+¤©M£§¥M¯ Á aIÅQ¨ MÆ»«I6Ë¢6«Ia¨ tM¢a¢9©+6Ĩ B+¢6MÆ`¦a£+t¹¦a++6²a©£©e¦a£+µm¢6
a>aMa¢´Mt¹²©£+¥ ·¸M£M6+6B+x+ t¯ 6¢aM¨ M´@±»¶«Ia®E¦G£+µm¢6Ĩ µM.·¸¢6±GM+¬
M·+6²aMG¢9´Mt¹²©£§¥ËM[¤+ µM( Þd¤t2Á ©£+t¨«a§ËM[M¤+©¥8+©¹ £+©t6£§¤¯ Á a
¤t2©£§t¨hx¦a+6£++6²aMG¢W´Mt¹©£+¥@¹x´MMÆM¨a¨x©+a²·x+6£§>µM¤©M£0Ma¢[©a¢a
©Ë+6.+£+µM£²M¨ t6´@«I +EM+6£²6·¸M£§¹x+ tEx±`ta0+6ea©£>«I +at60©©M£®6´Ë t+6
¨ B( d ¢a©¬Q¯ Á a«¥MÆh©£§Ma+¹&++ tËM·+a&·¸x+6£+&µM¤©M£²©£§Ma©¦Qx£+20©9+6.a©£
Ma¢¡+6Wa©£&aM©ª±»¦a£+©B&x+69¦`t2²M·M6+6B+x+ t¯ Á a²6·M£®¹x+ t¡
©B©9+6V©£+µM£0M0½¢a ´t+M¨¨ ¥W§ ´t6¢Ë·¸M£§¹¯e¼6£+£+B+¨ ¥MÆ)^ ß2µx9x¦a¦Q¨ Ma6M>M¤+
©¥m©©¹£§©t6£§¤Æ+6£§·M£+MÆ«.GµMe¹M¢6VG©&M·M¤+µM( Þ ¤t2©£§t¨]©Ëx¦a+6£§&+6
aMa¢&´Mt¹²©£+¥V¹x´MM¯]¿ma¤+6·x+6£§µM¤©M£©BM¤£§t++6a_«M£+¬QÆ6M.¹²¦»t©©£
¤ta¨¢[¨©©@©+6§aMG6¨hMa¢[x¦a+6£§²+6²·x+a£+²µM¤©M£¯ Á ½µMt¢[+GÆÂ¦G6±Q¨¬M¥
a¤£+¥8¦a+ t¹²+a8¢aI+6ta¨¢.±»a©¢¯
\a¤+6g©£+µM£aMT+6gaMa¢´Mt¹©£+¥0a·M£§¹&x+ tx±»t6Ta+£TM¨ ta´«I++6ga©£
aM¹²MÆ6+6+£+µM£BµMM¬M+60aMa¢.´Mt¹²©£+¥½M6+a2+x+t½¹²m¢aa¨ ©µM£§ ·¸¥&+aa©£¯
Êi·h+a>M6+a2+x+t9·åM¨ÆQ+6Ĩ B¢6a ¢WM¤+©V+aÅQ¨IMa¢W+a6·¸M£§¹x+ t
¤tBµM¥M¢q©½+a&¨ B&ã Y ´t6£+à ,q㸱`ä©ä®¯&Êi·+6M¤+>M¨¨ «]¢<ã Y ´t6£+ ,qãå2ä©ä®ÆT+6
+6©£+µM£g£+©£§µMM¨¨G+aÅ`¨ aM¹²M¤++ ±Q¨ ©>+G]G©£Ma¢e¢a©¦G¨¥m4+6¹{MgĨ©¯
Á©6Ä6£+>¨ ÅQB¨¢6MË6+Ma@£+M§¢6¤Ä§W+6.«©>M£§ÅQ¨¢@¨ £+±8M¥9¢ax±Q¨¨ §>¬8¢G6 ´V£+t¤@©M£++¥96M£G¢@GMa¹²a¤²WM+a66ÄM±a£+±»«>©M£¤¯ §Á ©6¢
+6£+t6´teà ³Aà S ¯ Á 6+£+µM££+M¢ag+aÅ`¨ +aG©£aM£+À86©©¢ªã¸±8¥.¨+¬m6´>tet6M·
+6ÅQ¨ GM¹²®äMa¢½¢a¥8aM¹&M¨¨ ¥´Ma£§x©M^ O RÁ QTS Å`¨ ¤t2+Ma6´²+6¤tB©B+¯
\
á
ENROLL
CLIENT
SERVER
Request to Enroll
PROVIDE
HAND
Send a form
IMAGE
CALCULATE
AND
ENCRYPT
HAND
FEATURES
DECRYPT
AND
ENROLL
USER
Send encrypted
details
ACCESS
CLIENT
SERVER
Request for document
DATABASE
PROVIDE
HAND
HAND
TEMPLATES
Send a form
IMAGE
FILE LIST
CALCULATE
AND
ENCRYPT
HAND
FEATURES
SECURE
FILES
Send encrypted
DECRYPT
AND
VERIFY
USER
details
ACCESS
DENIED
NO
YES
ACCESS
GRANTED
LIST OF
SECURE
FILES
Request File
EXTRACT
SECURE
FILE
SECURE
FILE
DISPLAYED
egfGh~jlkzm n eaâGyãäf|~hHkz|~åy~¸g{âGfimExæç¶zmk[èHmk¯fiWxzmkz|~{xzfGyHº
é
ãå2ä
㸱`ä
e fihHjlkzm » n ê jx q mExzfG{0|
xfGy~ëst¯v(
EìÀ|Eíïî q më|{{m¶z¶fG¶ hHkz|~Exmºð~|râifG¶xºy~¸l|{{m¶z¶fGñlâimRòlâGm¶ fi¶ }lkzm¶zmWxzm
g
xyóx q mjl¶zmk
Pì¿ñªícî q mÝ|~{{m¶z¶wfG¶rlmlfGmºðjl¶zmk¯{|~ôly~x¯|~{{m¶¶P|WTòâGm
²ÙÞ0= ²×ËØ<7ëùÖúûÃ:Ü>ùØp:
È[aµM¢6§ ´t6¢Ä_«¤¶m¦»£§¹²B+©µxM¨ax©It6£©¥m©©¹¯ Á agÅG£§©h¤¶m¦»£§¹²B©©©¢
t6£¦G£+M©M_¥8¦»&aMa¢[´Mt¹©£+¥2³â±QM©¢ M6+6B+x+ tq+¥8©©¹ a+6´9¢ax+x±GM+&M·aMa¢
´Mt¹²©£+¥ª¹&x´MM· .0' a©£®MÀBa£+¢ªËt6£0¨x±»M£§x©M£+¥M¯& ©M+M¨4M· (' ¹x´MM·g+6
£§ ´tB4aMa¢ÄM·`M§.a©£4«£+x¦a+a£+¢Äi«]>¢a ü»£+24+++ ta ¯ \a£46£+£+B4MÀBG+ + t
©¥m©©¹ ¢68²6MĦa£+µm¢6eMB¥a+£>©£®Ma6´W·M£@¦a£§M¦`£Ä¦G¨M¤¹²2ÄM·+6aMa¢Âô¯ M
a©©£®a¤+ ta«]£§²´t µMË©+6²a©£§x±»t6+6²¦a£§M¦`£¦G¨M¤¹2M·]+6 £aMa¢GP¯ \6
M·@©M+M¨IM· .0'' ¹&x´MÆ , ' ¹x´M²«£+½¢a+x£®¢6¢±`MG©eM·G¤M£+£+¤²¦G¨M¤¹2
M·+6WaMG¢Â¯ Á a½£+¹MG6´ +/0' ¹x´M«£+WG©¢p¡ta£&¤¶m¦`£®¹²B+¯< ´M8a6
¹x+§G6´+¤M£§M±a+M6¢²±8¥²¤t¹²¦Gx£§6´+6·¸x+6£+µM¤©M£§·£§t¹ß+6I§M¹²aMG¢²«Ia¨
Mp¹²¦»t©©£¹&x+§aa´q+¤M£+9ÄM±a+M6¢¡±8¥¡¤t¹²¦Gx£§6´Ë+6½·¸x+6£+½µM¤©M£§V·¸£+t¹ _«
¢a ü»£+BaMa¢a¯)ÊjM£®¢6£©I©+G¢6¥+a4¦»£+·M£®¹Ma¤hM·m+64©¥m©©¹;+a ठµM £ \¦»£§x+6´
¼g6£+µMpã àR\¼ä®Æ«a§"¦G¨M+e+6[M6+6B+[M¤¦a+Ma¤E£§x© ã ³ ààäeµM£§+ae+6Ë·åM¨©
M¤¦aI£®x©Vã Y c àä«MI¦G¨ M©©¢Â¯ Á 6 àR\¼"·¸M£t6£¤¶m¦»£§¹²B+Y+a«I½ Y ´t6£+ . ¯
6©¤tG¢¡¤¶8¦»£§¹²2>«gM¢6+ ´ta¢E©[©++6e¦»£+·M£®¹Ma¤eM·+a.µM£§M¨¨«±
M¤Á +©¥m©©¹¯ Á ÅQ¨«£+>¤£§x©¢@½&«±W¢G £+¤©M£+¥½Ma¢ A@wBADEGFH(IZ@0IÉ*L!
«MVa©¢ ©q£+©©£®¤&M¤+V©q+a&¢a £§¤©M£+¥M¯ Á G©£§²«£+WM+¬M¢ ©EµvM¨Gx©9+6
©¥m©©¹¯&¿8µMËt6M·+6²©ªa+£§«]£+&6£+t¨¨ ¢ËB©e+6©¥m©©¹Ã¯ bM®[M·+6²©µM
6£+t¨¨¢@G©£§«gMM¨¨ «]¢ª©9M¤+>+6±G©M·+6²©ªÅQ¨ u¯ \µM£½¦`£® 8¢@M·+6£+
«]¬mÆÂ6£§t¨¨ ¢9G©£§M¤+©¢Ë+6£Å`¨ I±8¥½¦a£§µm¢a6´&+6 £aMa¢@¹x´M>M§[+¹²M¯
õ
öK÷?ø
ý
100
90
80
70
50
60
HIT RATE(%)
0
20
40
60
FALSE ACCEPT RATE(%)
eafGhHjlkm áJnRþ m{mfiè~mkPÿÃ}-mkz|xfilh Ajlk[èHm~
a©£M¤+§6´Ä©M·KÅQ¨ «MI6M«gx£+M·K+6¤¶m©©a¤M·)+aM+6£ÅQ¨ ¯ 6a©£§
«]£§V§GM¨¨ 6´M¢E©WM¤+ÄM+a£ÅQ¨M£>M¤§Ä+6ÅQ¨«I +at6¦a£+µ8¢G6´+6Á £>aMa¢
´Mt¹²©£+¥ ±G6²6ta.M·+6©½x©©¹¦a+²«£+½+a¤++·¸a¨â¯E¤+©[+6eÅ`¨ Ĥta¨¢¡6M
±»´tM6¢EqMB¥[«¥ªM+6£>+aMª¦G£+µm¢aa´´MBa6&aMa¢q´Mt¹²©£+¥q¹x´MC¯ bM®M·
+6>6£+t¨¨ ¢@a©£M¨+V©£§¢W©eB©£+6²©¥m©©¹Ì±B¥@¹²¦»£§©tax+6´+6ÄM+6£+á¶@a©£§Æ
«Ia¨+6.+6£+a©£§0«I6@«£+6M0a£+t¨¨ ¢E©£§ ¢E©Ë2©£²+6e©¥m©©¹ M>t6.M·I+6
©µME6£+t¨¨ ¢Ea©£§¯Êjq+a¤¶m¦»£§¹²BÆT«]VM¦`£®x©¢qt6£ÄaMa¢q´Mt¹²©£+¥q+¥8©©¹ x
.+6£++6t¨¢W6x£+aÄx+6Ĭm6²@+6²6£+µM²+6«IË Y ´t6£+ . +a+6£§+6t¨¢W´t µM
M Y ààºM·x±»t6 . MG¢pM Y A à M·x±»t6 ) tp+69¢Gx+x±GM©WG©¢p¡+aÅG£§©
¤¶8¦»£§¹²2¯ Y M£+60©WG©£§9+60+¤ta¢9¤¶m¦»£§¹²B0ã )0'' M6+6B+©£®M¨IMG¢ )0''
¹²¦»t©©£©£§M¨®ä®Æa Y c àXM· ' Ma¢ Y àcà;M· . «£+M±a+Ma¢Â¯
\Ä£+¨x+ µM¨ ¥&+¹&M¨¨»¢ax+x±GM©M· .0' ¦»M¦G¨ MÆ8+6©¥m©©¹{¦»£+·¸M£§¹Ma¤g£+M+tax±G¨ M¯
Á©©6£+tÄ6©´¥m©©¨M¹ ¹+6¯ ta¨a¢½9±»©0¥m¤©¶m©©¹a+¦»µM£+¨ ·¸¥½M£§ÅG¹M¨¢9G¤©9©©¢ª¬m6t@«Iep¨©x £§´M¢6Ä¢G´Mx£§M+x¢6±G9M«I©Ä +±»p·¤M¶m£+©²a¹¢6x¬m¢"6a´e©9MBM¥ ·
Á
+60+¥8©©¹Ì9+6ÅQ¨¢±»Ma©0M·Ma¹>a¨x+ tWM·4¢aa©x£+taa¢9+60¦»´t¯È[²x£+>©+¨¨
BµM©+ ´tx+6´.+6©ÄM©¦»¤+M«]¨¨KMt6£·¸x+6£+>¤¶8©£§M¤+t[Ma¢W¹&x+§aa´.M¨ ´MM£® +a¹
©&¹²¦G£+µM+60©¥8+©¹{¦»£+·M£®¹Ma¤M¯
9Ú ×¡ÝwùxÜ>:gÞvÚ9×>:
Ô t¹²©£§¤¶8¦»¤©¢@©e±»0a¤£§M+6´t¨ ¥a+¢WW¤t"+aa¤+ tW«I +9M+6£©§a6t¨M´t
¨ ¬M+6¬m6«I¨¢6´M¤³â±GM©¢²M6+a2+x+t9ã¸M¯ ´6¯ Æ2¦GM§©«]M£®¢ahMa¢²°4çÊ MätÄ+aÊjB©£§6¯È[
aµMe¢6¹²tG©©£§x©¢ª+Gx0aMa¢ª´Mt¹²©£+¥B³â±GM©¢ M6+6B+x+ tMq±»a+¢ª©9£§©©£§¤
M¤+©«]±Ä¦Gx´M¯ a]¦a£§M©M_¥8¦`g©¥m©©¹O«I +>©µM>£+´t©©£§¢>G©£§T+6«)¦a£§t¹+a´
£++a¨+<¯ \a£©©+Æ`¤tÁ a¢aa¤©¢9t9&§¹M¨¨¢ax+x±QM©MÆQ+a¦a¦»M£+t6£I¨M¹{+axIta£©¥m©©¹
I+6£+M¯ Á 60®6t¤>M·4±G t¹²©£®¢6¦»a¢aIt9+a>©a£§ _¥½¢a¹Ma¢WM·h+6>x¦G¦G¨x+ t
Ma¢½a+£IM¤¦a+Ma¤M¯ Y 6´M£§¦a£§BÆ6µMt¤MÆQMG¢·¸M¤>x£++a¹²t©I§a +x±G¨ ±Q t¹²©£§g·¸M£
£+©©£§¤+6´M¤+]©«]±V¦Gx´MM4+6I©a+M£§h·¸M£4+6©±Q t¹²©£§hx£§I+¹M¨¨âÆt§6x¦ÆmMa¢
µxM¨x±G¨>M©+Ma¢Gx£§¢@M¦a+ tat˰¼g·¸£+t¹ ¹M2¥W¤t¹²¦G6©£µMa¢aM£§¯ Ô ·M£+²e©¥m©©¹
.a©+M¨¨¢p·¸M£e¤t¹&¹²£§M¨a©MÆ©+++6ta¨¢ ±»W¦»£+·¸M£§¹²¢ t" ¢ax+x±QM©[2µMt¨µ8a´
ª¨x£+´M½8a¹0±»£²M·G©£§²µM£V[¦»£§ m¢ M·+¹²M¯pÈ[@x£+½M¨©ª«M£+¬m6´[tp¢aµM¨ M¦G6´
M6+6B+x+ t"©¥m©©¹.a+6´[M+a£V±Gt¹²©£§V¨ ¬MÅQa´M£+¦a£§B+ƵMt¤MÆIMa¢ ·¸M¤ËMa¢
B©´M£§x+6´¹>a¨ + ¦Q¨ ±Q t¹²©£§g·¸M£I±»©©£¦»£+·¸M£§¹MG¤M¯
9 Ý [× Ú ù²ÝÛ ^= ²×ËpØ :
`+a+§ ta4« +e¿6¤M©¼ta6¨¨GM·+6
° àIÊj° ¨x±)¯ Æ Q ®a ´tM½¿8+x©r ³G µM£§+ i¥Ma¢ x+
a¨ ¬xx£§aGM· £§©¨Â¼gM£+¦»M£§x+ tex£+´M£§x©·åa¨¨ ¥&M§¬8a«I¨ ¢a´M¢Â¯ `£¯]¿max£®x+.°M6¬xMB+»M·
Ê Ô Q Á ¯ ßa¯GÈªÓ x+©t àI©x£§§ S x±¯6¨ ¦»¢½a½+a0¢6+´t½M·h+6>aMa¢½´Mt¹©£+¥2³â±QM©¢
µM£§áÅQx+t½©¥m©©¹¯
úû~²p
Ù ²×¡wÝ :
4M£+¬ µ ¿ Ô ß ¿8£§µ8¤Æ LL. ¯
z! b¯ MI«aM¹Æ FEû0u(zRH0 ¯ MI«
2©©-¦ µ «««¯ G "©±¯ ¤6¯ 6W¬ B¯
ÅQa´M£+¦a£§B x¦a+6£§ ¢6µm¤ ·£+t¹ Ó £§¢G¤t¹¯ B©©ª¦ µ
*)! ¿8t¨¢6³_©+x©
«««¯ µM£®¢a¤t¹¯ ¤të
¹ B¯
¯ ßtMÆ<¯ àt+ÆMa¢É¿»¯]°M6¬xM2+ÇÆ U °4£+M©Mi¥B¦» OMa¢ ±t¹²©£+¥B³ Ô M+¢
*+! G¨ <
¹ VmÆ8©Äx¦a¦»x£&+6 IIZ "! 0I#®IJz0IëB¤D$&%<@0I('ª)
®*%
Ó £§áÅQx+te¿8¥m©©
+ @,0u(z.-c0I^BADEGFH(IZ@0I ÆGȪM§a6´M©tC `>¯ô¼¯ Æ Q x£®§ )) ³ ) ,6Æ LLL ¯
¯ /»G6¬M¨ÇÆ OMG¢[´Mt¹²©£+¥@±GM©¢ËµM£§ ÅQx+ tW VmÆ t¹©£§( µ°T£§©taM¨Êâ6B+áÅQv³
, ! à0
+ tÄP MIi«]U M£+¬M¢e¿8m _¥MÆ2a¨ Ò¯ ßtM0Æ à¯ Ô t¨¨MÆtMÔ a¢¿`¯v°M6¬xMB+ÇÆt¢a ©M£®Æ ¨B«]£
M¢a¹°]6±G¨§6£§Æ LL3 ¯
¯ ßtMÂEÆ à¯ Ô t¨¨ MÆaMa¢9¿`¯6°M6¬xM2+㸢G®ä®Æ Ô t¹²©£§ µ4°K£®©taM¨ÂÊâ6B+áÅQx+ t
*.! G¨ W
ó M_«M£+¬M¢W+8 i¥MÆ ¨2«£M¢a¹°]6±G¨§6£§Æ LL3 ¯
È[± M¤+ ¤t2©£§t¨ µ
©iE¥ ±ax£§¢ ã à<³¿ È b Ô ä®¯
*/! ¿86£+
2©©-¦ µ «««¯ ¹++6±G§aǯ ¤t8¹ ´t6¦ "©x¦GM v¹©iE¥ ©£§GQ ©_«± M¯ 2+¹¯ Á Á
+6
È[±
«I +
¥Mt6£
·åM¤M¯
21! ¤§
2©©-¦ µ «««¯ ¹£+t¯ ¤t8¹ «± M¤+ ¢6¹² ¦Gx´MM¯ B+¹¯
¦ µ «««¯ ¬M¥8«x£§M¯ ¤t8¹ `¹²t va¢a¤¶`¯ B+¹¨Ç¯
*3! \a¨6 Ó t¤ ±ax£§¢aM¯a2©©
1
¼I¿m O ÁÁ °` Q t+M ³©£ 6+6B+x+ t Á 6©M£§M¨Ç¯
2©©¦-µ v6BtaB6¯ a§m¯ aax¯ ¢av¢68z+6©M£§M¨zva©£¯ B+¹¨
b¢
©©¨ÇÆ ¯g±M +a£Æg¿`¯§OM++6´M£&Ma¢ ¯b4£§«I¯TÈ[± °4£§M´M£§M¹¹a´E¿8¤£++
«I +ó Á O RÁ QTS Q Æ`R¼ ±Ê®ÆaMa¢9°K£®¨ÇÆ6Ê `± Ô 8M¬mÈ[Q M£§¨¢a«I¢6MÆ LL/ ¯
*L! M
('!
*2
Documents pareils
Bulletin n° 136 de Fev 2010
/`ÊÀâÊiÃÌÊjÊDÊ
6>VÕÛiÀÊ
Li
ÀÌ>µÕi®ÊiÊ£Èn]Ê
`>ÃÊÕiÊv>iÊÕÃ
Vii°Ê-ÊiÝ«ÃÌÊDÊ
>ÊÕõÕiÊ««Õ>ÀiÊiÃÌÊ`ÕiÊDÊÃÊ«mÀi]ÊÕÊ
ÕÃViÊ«>ÃÃj°Ê
iÌÌiÊyÕiViÊ«À...
15 rayong
«—¥‡¢“πâÕ¬ À¡Ÿà∑’Ë Ú μ”∫≈μ“ ‘∑∏‘Ï
Õ”‡¿Õª≈«°·¥ß ®—ßÀ«—¥√–¬Õß ÚÒÒÙ
«—¥¥Õ°°√“¬ À¡Ÿà∑’Ë ˆ μ”∫≈·¡àπÈ”§Ÿâ
Õ”‡¿Õª≈«°·¥ß ®—ßÀ«—¥√–¬Õß ÚÒÒÙ
«—¥∫÷ßμ“μâ“ μ”∫≈ÀπÕ߉√à
Õ”‡¿Õª≈«°·¥ß ®—ßÀ«—¥√–¬Õß ÚÒÒÙ
«—¥ª“°·æ...