COMPARISON OF LNG TRANSPORTATION TO JAWA ISLAND
Transcription
COMPARISON OF LNG TRANSPORTATION TO JAWA ISLAND
COMPARISON OF LNG TRANSPORTATION TO JAWA ISLAND: TANKER OR GAS PIPELINE COMPARAISON POUR LE TRANSPORT DU GNL VERS L’ILE DE JAVA: METHANIER OU GAZODUC Luky Hidayati Yosef Marlono Merry Martteighianti PERTAMINA Exploration & Production Natural Gas Utilization Subdivision Jakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT The demand of Natural Gas as a principal need for Industries in Jawa Island has increased with time. The Natural Gas is used to replace fuel oil. This is related to Government Policy about energy conservation and diversification. Gas is supplied to Industries by shipping LNG with Tankers or building a gas pipeline from Kalimantan Timur to Jawa Island. Those two alternatives still need feasibility studies concerning the technical and economic aspects based on the landed price. At present, Indonesia is the largest LNG exporter in the world, contributing about 40% to the global market. P.T. Arun and P.T. Bakak are the main producers of LNG in Indonesia. To increase LNG production, PERTAMINA and VICO Enterprises Inc. have proposed the idea of utilizing the Natural Gas from a marginal field at Kalimantan Timur area with a Floating LNG Plant. The production of the Floating LNG Plant could be sent to Industries by tankers. The alternative of shipping LNG through tankers is based on the development of an LNG plant at Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, and the facts that LNG export is decreasing due to the increasing globabl competition in the year 2000. On the other hand, the development of a subsea gas pipeline from Kalimantan Timur to Jawa Island is a longterm plan for the Trans-Indonesia Pipeline project. It is necessary to have an in-depth study to provide the best decision on— • • • • Competitive cost Long-term period Environmental friendly Supporting facilities. D.5–1 RESUME La demande de gaz naturel, come le principal besoin industriel à Java a augmenté avec le temps. Le gaz naturel est utilisé pour remplacer le mazout. Ceci est lié à la politique du gouvernement sur la conservation et la diversification de l’énergie. Le Gaz est amené aux industries par l’expedition de LNG par tankers ou par la construction d’un gazoduc de Kalimantan Ouest à Java. Ces deux alternatives demandent une étude de faisabilité qui concerne les aspects techniques et économiques basés sur le prix d’extraction sol. Actuellement, l’Indonésie est le plus grand exportateur de LNG du monde et contribue à environ 40% du marché mondial. PT. Arun et PT. Badak sont les principaux producteurs de LNG en Indonesie. Pour accroître la production de LNG, les companies Pertamina et Vico ont proposé l’idée d’utiliser le gaz naturel du “champ marginal” de Kalimantan Ouest avec une unité flottante LNG. La production de l’unité flottante de LNG pourrait être envoyée aux industries par tankers. Le choix d’expedition du LNG par tanker est basée sur le développment de l’usine LNG à Bontang, Kalimantan Ouest et sur le fait que l’exportation du LNG va diminuer dû à l’augmentation de la competition mondiale à l’an 2000. D’un autre côte, le développment du gazoduc sous-marin de Kalimantan Ouest à Java est un plan à long terme pour le project du gazoduc trans Indonesie. Il est nécessaire de conduire une étude approfondie pour prendre les meilleures décisions sur: • • • • le coût competitif le plan à long terme environnement – écologie les moyens de support. D.5–2 THE POTENTIAL LNG PROJECT FROM PECHIKO FIELD EAST KALIMANTAN SINGAPORE FPSO location - Pechiko Field MALAYSIA EAST KALIMANTAN Jakarta INDONESIA Tambak Lorok 1 x 125.000 m3 LNG tanker Serving the proposed FSO receiving terminal. Able to make two trips each month at a plant capacity of 1.4 MMTPA, or 200 MMSCFD Figure 1 DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL GAS RESERVES IN INDONESIA <2 TSCF 2-9 TSCF 10 - 20 TSCF > 20 TSCF Figure 2 D.5–3 LNG REGASIFICATION SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Boil Off Gas Compressor Turbo type Industry Reciprocating Type LNG Vaporizor (submerged type) Petrochemicals Drum Gas return to tanker Electric Power LNG Pump LNG Vaporizor (Open pack type) Sea Water Pump Maintenance Unloading Resident Commercial Sea Water Figure 3 KALIMANTAN - JAWA PIPELINES Long distance pipelines 40” 855 km MALAYSIA SINGAPORE EAST KALIMANTAN Jakarta INDONESIA Bawean Island Surabaya Figure 4 D.5–4 GAS TRANSPORTATION COST $/boe 20 $/MMBTU Gas Transmission- Offshore(2) 3.5 3 16 2.5 LNG (1) 12 2 8 1.5 1 4 0.5 0 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Distance (Kilometer) Note : (1) - Including Terminal Cost (2) - Including Tie-In Cost, Landfall and Terminal Figure 5 THE LNG FPSO CONCEPT (LNG Offshore, Production, and Storage Facility) LPG Tanker 75,000 M 3 LPG LNG Tanker 125,000 M 3 Gas supply LNG Barge Capacity - 12,000 M 3 Number of Barges - TBD Minimum boil off with re-liquefaction Barge size LOA 115 m Draft 4.5 m Beam 16 m Swivel Single Point Mooring LNG Tank FPSO LNG Tank LNG Tank LNG Production - .8 to 1.4 MMTPA LNG Storage - 140,000 - 180,000 M 3 LOA 340 m Draft 9m Beam 60 m Figure 6 D.5–5 LPG Tank Gas supply from reservoir DOMESTIC GAS PIPELINES NETWORK Potential Markets : • Steel Mill • Power Plant • Gas State • Cement Plants • Petrochemicals Plants • Fertilizer Plants • Etc K.Kinibalu MALAYSIA Kuching KALIMANTAN SOUTH SUMATERA Balikpapan Palembang Pagardewa Bawean Island Legend: • Existing Pipe • Future • Source • City Jakarta Cirebon Semarang JAWA Surabaya Pagerungan Figure 7 COMPARISON LNG TANKER VS GAS PIPELINE TANKER FPSO BONTANG PIPELINE 1600 746 12 14 GAS PRICE , $/MMBTU 2.04 2.04 WELLHEAD COST, $/MMBTU 0.43 0.43 INVESTMENT, MM$ IRR , % LNG PRICE, $/MMBTU 2.93 TRANSPORTATION COST, $/MMBTU 0.10 REGASIFICATION COST,$/MMBTU 0.43 PLANT COST, $/MMBTU 1.04 CONSUMERS GATE PRICE , $/MMBTU 3.42 Figure 8 D.5–6 3.46 0.62 3. 09 KEY ISSUES • D O M E S T IC I N D U S T R IE S C O N S U M E 3 . 1 6 T S C F O F • • • • NATURAL GAS PER YEAR IN 1996 , THAT AMOUNT C O U L D G R O W T O 4 T S C F IN 1997. THE GROW TH OF INDUSTRIES CONTINUES TO BE CONCENTRATED IN JAWA ISLAND. GAS SUPPLIES IN JAWA WILL BE SHORTAGE IN THE N E A R F U T U R E D U E T O T H E H IGH INDUSTRIAL GROWTH. T H E D O M E S T I C G A S P R IC E S A R E M O R E A T T R A C T I V E A N D P R O V I D E M O R E E C O N O M I C A L B E N E F IT . T O S U P P O R T T H E G O V E R N M E N T P O L I C Y IN DIVERSIFYING ENERGY AND AIR POLLUTANT E M ISSIONS. Figure 9 D.5–7
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