MP039 - Lake Timiskaming rift valley

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ONTARIO
DEPARTMENT OF MINES
LAKE TIMISKAMING RIFT VALLEY
By
H.L. Lovell and T. W. Caine
MISCELLANEOUS PAPER 39
1970
First Printing
Reprinted
1970
1972
Publications of the Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs
and price list
are obtainable through the
Publications Office, Ontario Department of Mines and Northern Affairs,
Parliament Buildings, Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario
and
The Ontario Government Bookstore
880 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario.
Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque,
or money order, payable to Treasurer of Ontario.
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Ontario
Department of Mines. It is recommended that reference to this report be made
in the following form:
Lovell, H.L., and Caine, T.W.
1970:
Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley; Ontario Dept. Mines, MP39, 16p.
FIGURES
Page
1.
The Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley .................................
2
2.
Composite Cross-Section of the Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley ......
5
3.
Location of Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley, as shown by erosional
and depositional effects of Pleistocene glacial Lake
Barlow-Oj ibway . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .. .. . ... .... .. . .. .. .. .. .. . ....
6
Diversion of advancing glaciers by the Lake Timiskaming Rift
Valley, as indicated by glacial striae and drumlins ............
7
5.
Cobalt silver area . .. ... . .. .. . . . . ... . .... .. .... . . ... .... .. . .. .. . .
9
6.
Cobalt Cross-Section SW-NE (Section AB, Fig.5) .. .. . . . . ... . .. .. .. . 10
7.
Cobalt Cross-Section NW-SE (Section CD, Fig.5) .. . ... . . . . . . .. .. . . . 11
8.
Diagrammatic vertical section of typical "basin" (cone-shaped
intrusion) of Nipissing Diabase in the Cobalt-Gowganda area .... 12
4.
- in -
LAKE TIMISKAMING RIFT VALLEY
by
H.L. Lovell 1 and T.W. Caine 2
A distinct bedrock-controlled topographic feature extends from
near Temiscamingue, Quebec, northwest to the Kapuskasing Gravity High in
the vicinity of Smooth Rock Falls, with its breadth between the Net Lake
Fault near Timagami and the Quinze Dam Fault east of Ville Marie, Quebec.
For this feature the writers propose the name "Lake Timiskaming Rift
Valley".
The postulated existence of the "Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley"
(Figure 1), a typical example of a rift valley as described by Freund
(1966), is based on a seven-year study of information available from
geological maps and reports for Ontario and Quebec; mineral exploration
data; airphoto mosaics of the National Air Photo Library and Operation
Overthrust; aeromagnetic maps (l inch equals l mile) released by the
Geological Survey of Canada; gravity maps (l inch equals 4 miles, and
l inch equals 20 miles) prepared by the Dominion Observatory, Ottawa;
surficial geology maps of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests and
the Geological Survey of Canada; and literature from various sources.
The
study is prompted by the recognition of remarkable similarities between
the Lake Timiskaming area and the African rift system:
the long parallel
faults with vertical offsets; the valley of the Paleozoic outlier of
Resident Geologist, 4 Government Road East, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.
Assistant to the Resident Geologist, 4 Government Road East, Kirkland Lake,
Ontario. Accepted for publication by the Chief, Resident Geologists'
Section, 3 March, 1970.
- 2 geological boundary
o Kapuskasing
kimberlite occurrences
^Smooth Rock Rills
end moraine
Pleistocene Lake Barlow-Ojibway sediments
more than 100 -deep (average)
\ :-::-V-.;?.oN
. . . ..
Paleozoic
outlier
alkalic igneous Intrusion
\.. . ' - ;
\
/
Oulf's l
V
Kidd Creek ImiiS*
v
\\
V
. ,
'-
\',; ' ,' ''\V l
v^
-' -V
- ' ' ' *'
-;
Archean metovoteanics and metasediment s
.
; ' -\
' - -'' " ..V ' ScaleN ,l inch to 25 miles
'""''''
Jiahthawk Lake -.
'
n
25
.X
V^;;^;:V;.;\
\
o Kirkland Lake
Lak.
Angliers
Mil*--; 1
Mcconnell Lake
terminal moraine
^''Sudbury
f/ Irruptive ^/^T-'
Figure l : The Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley
v
- 3 -
Lake Timiskaming and the Little Clay Belt; the swarms of Nipissing Diabase
intrusions probably representing mobilization of material of the earth's
mantle after crustal thinning; the mention of kimberlite in Michaud
Township in Ontario Dept. Mines, Vol. LVII, pt. 4, p. 13; the discovery
of kimberlite east of Kirkland Lake in Upper Canada gold mine and of
concentrations of pyrope garnets in several localities from Ville Marie,
Quebec to Kirkland Lake, Ontario (Lee 1965 and 1968); and the possibility
that the intense earthquake in 1935 near Temiscamingue, Quebec (Smith 1966)
occurred along one of the Lake Timiskaming system of faults and
consequently that the Lake Timiskaming faults might be deep enough to
have tapped diabase and kimberlite from the mantle.
Kumarapeli and Saull (1966, p. 648) show the Ottawa-Bonnechere
branch of the St. Lawrence Valley rift system bifurcating near Mattawa,
with one branch extending through Lake Nipissing and the other branch
extending through Lake Timiskaming.
Doig (1970) correlates the rift
system with an alkaline rock province linking Europe and North America.
Extending northwest from Lake Timiskaming towards the well-known Kirkland
Lake area of alkaline rocks (Cooke and Moorhouse 1968) is a Paleozoic
outlier (the only known Paleozoic rocks within 140 miles), which was
described by Hume (1925).
The Paleozoic outlier occupies a long narrow
trough, the surface expression of which has parallel northwest-trending
sides.
The southwestern limit of the outlier is the McKenzie Fault
(Thomson 1964), the rocks on the northeast side of which dropped down.
The
main control of the southwestern edge of the outlier, however, is the fault
escarpment along the west shore of the northern part of Lake Timiskaming.
This fault, 40 miles long, strikes parallel to the McKenzie Fault and dips
65 0 NE (Agaunico Mine files of the ODM, Kirkland Lake).
The Paleozoic
- 4 -
formations on its northeast side are displaced 770 to 1,000 feet down into
the Wabi River valley (Hume 1925, p. 48, and Agaunico Mine files of the ODM,
Kirkland Lake).
The northeastern boundary of the Paleozoic outlier is the
Blanche River valley, which contains a vertically offset fault that
strikes parallel to the Lake Timiskaming West Shore Fault (Thomson 1965,
p. 43).
The Paleozoic outlier, therefore, occupies a valley controlled
by northwest-trending down-dropped blocks centred on Lake Timiskaming
(Figure 2).
The full extent of the valley is indicated by the accompanying
topographic information (Figures 3 and 4).
The Little Clay Belt, fertile agricultural soil laid down by
Pleistocene glacial Lake Barlow-Ojibway, occupies a broader zone of downdropped blocks than that occupied by the Paleozoic outlier.
The
northeastern edge of the Little Clay Belt, striking roughly parallel to
the Lake Timiskaming West Shore Fault, extends from the Quinze Dam Fault
(Imreh 1970) in the Province of Quebec to the vicinity of Larder Lake,
Ontario.
The southwestern edge of the Little Clay Belt is, for most of
its length, controlled by the next major fault southwest of and parallel
to the Lake Timiskaming West Shore Fault, the Cross Lake Fault.
The Cross
Lake Fault extends from Lake Timiskaming 170 miles northwest to the Mattagami
River Fault System (Kirwan 1969) south of Smooth Rock Falls (Bennett,
Brown, and George 1968), occurring as part of a broad strong fault zone
east of Timmins (Leahy 1969a and b).
The dip of the Cross Lake Fault is
65 0 NE (Ninacs 1967, p. 53), and the movement across it is dip-slip.
At the
Sycee Cobalt Mine, shown on Figure 5, the Archean-Proterozoic unconformity
on the northeast side of the fault is displaced 44 feet downward; southwest
of Kirkland Lake, the indicated vertical displacement is 3 kilometres
(Gibb and van Boeckel 1970, p. 163).
In the middle of Cross Lake is the
- 5-
- 6 -
lo Kapuskasing
Smooth Rock Falls
terminal moraine
X A AY"-V.'.:.-v.-'.
area of widespread, thick OI00') Lake
Barlow-Ojibway sediments, and low
percentage of outcrop
area of intermediate depth (20-I001 )
of Lake Barlow-Ojibway sediments,
and higher percentage of outcrop
.900*
y87d|80^vV84'^'V;74V;-'v: :\
X
-'
,'
flV^Y:-'"
l IA
- "••"•••'
*'?A
vv/"-;-//-" •.'•-
!lA^ A ^;:;.;:-;;i-; V,.,
area of wave-washed bedrock
f Lake Ojibway.' lacustrine •'•.'./.;'.'\
* l A A A \ - - : -deposits - '.- : ' .
^.1 *
A A v
. ,
-- - - -\
elevation above sea-level of the bedrock
surface, ae determined by subtracting
the average depth of toil from the
average topographic elevation
inch to 25 miles
25
covered
mainly
by
glacial
drift
Figure 3 :
Mcconnell Lake
terminal moraine^
Location of Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley,
as shown by erosional and depositional effects of
Pleistocene glacial Lake Barlow-Ojibway
- 7 -
lineament
James Bay glacier
l
fault
glacial fluting, drumlin*
glacial
stria*
terminal moraine
Scale l inch to 25 miles
L.
25
/
/
!
1
f)
l
l
CI
\
l
Quebec
glacier
^\
i Gowganda o l
i
f
Figure 4
Diversion of advancing glaciers by the Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley
as indicated by glacial striae and drumlins.
'
- 8 -
cone-shaped Nipissing Diabase intrusion most productive of the Cobalt
area's silver ore (Figures 5, 6 and 7).
The Nipissing Diabase centred on Cross Lake is one of many
roughly'cone-shaped hypersthene gabbro-quartz diorite-granophyre intrusions
in northeastern Ontario.
The productive Nipissing Diabase intrusion at
Gowganda, for example, has been described as a "cone sheet" by Hester
(1967), and the "basin and arch" structures (Thomson 1957, p. 386) are
confirmed as being dominantly primary (Symons 1970).
proposed for the intrusions is shown in Figure 8.
A general model
The writers suggest that
many or all their feeders are in faults of the system that caused the Lake
Timiskaming Rift Valley.
Southwest of the Cross Lake Fault is the parallel fault
followed by the southern part of the Montreal River (Thomson and Savage
1965), and farther southwest is the parallel Montreal River Main Fault
(Ginn et al. 1964).
The Montreal River Main Fault extends for at least
180 miles, from Lake Timiskaming southeast of Timagami to the Mattagami
River Fault System northwest of Timmins (George 1967 and Figure 2 in
Kirwan 1969).
At Elk Lake, Ontario, it forms the extreme western limit of
the Little Clay Belt farmland laid down by Pleistocene glacial Lake
Barlow-Ojibway.
River Main Fault:
The following are transected by or close to the Montreal
the silver deposits of the Elk Lake area; the former
gold and copper-molybdenum mines at Matachewan; the nickel and asbestos
deposits of Eldorado and Langmuir Townships south of Timmins; the gold
deposits of the Porcupine; and the Kidd Creek Mine of Texas Gulf Sulphur
Company.
The next major fault southwest of the Montreal River Main
Fault contains Net Lake, on which the new Timagami townsite is situated.
-9-
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- 13 -
The northwestward projection of this fault forms the approximate south
western boundary of:
the bare bedrock south of Elk Lake eroded by wave
action of glacial Lake Barlow-Ojibway, the lacustrine deposits south of
Nighthawk Lake, and the terminal moraines about 15 miles southwest of Cobalt
(Boissonneau 1965; see Figure 1); and the Proterozoic rocks against the
Archean metavolcanics and metasediments of the Timagami area (Thomson and
Savage 1965) .
From the Net Lake Fault northwest to the Mattagami River
Fault System, the faults of the Lake Timiskaming rift system are "en echelon",
a feature characteristic of rift valleys (Freund 1966, p. 331).
In the
Gowganda silver mining area, for example, the most prominent fault of the
rift system is the one through Jacobs Lake (Mcilwaine 1966), southwest of
the projected extension of the Net Lake Fault.
The series of parallel northwest-striking faults of the Lake
Timiskaming Rift Valley system extends to the southwestern boundary of the
Cobalt Plain (the McLaren Lake Fault, Thomson 1960, and parallel faults
near Wanapitei Lake), and possibly the entire Cobalt Plain occupies a
regional graben.
The most distinct and best-documented faults and the most
pronounced topographic expression, however, occur in the type locality
described above, - the long narrow trough-like valley that was formed by
the sinking of blocks of the earth's crust between fault zones of
approximately parallel strike, and that is centred on Lake Timiskaming.
- 14 -
References
Bennett, G., Brown, D.D., and George, P.T.
1968:
Coral Rapids-Cochrane Sheet, Cochrane District; Ontario Dept.
Mines, Geol. Compilation Series, Map 2161, scale l inch to
4 miles. Geological compilation 1966.
Boissonneau, A.N.
1965:
Algoma, Sudbury, Timiskaming and Nipissing, surficial geology;
Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests, Lands and Surveys Branch,
Map S465, scale l inch to 8 miles. Geology 1962-1963.
1968:
Glacial history of northeastern Ontario, II: The TimiskamingAlgoma area; Canadian J. Earth Sciences, Vol.5, No.l, p.97-109.
Cooke, D.L., and Moorhouse, W.W.
1968:
Timiskaming volcanism in the Kirkland Lake area, Ontario, Canada;
Canadian J. Earth Sciences, Vol.6, No.l, p.117-132.
Doig, Ronald
1970:
An alkaline province linking Europe and North America; Canadian
J. Earth Sciences, Vol.7, No.l, p.22-28.
Freund, Raphael
1966:
Rift valleys; p.330-344 ir^ The world rift system; Geol. Surv.
Canada, Paper 66-14.
George, Peter T.
1967:
The Timmins District; p.102-107 in CIM Centennial field excursion,
northwestern Quebec and northern Ontario, accompanied by Ontario
Dept. Mines Map P.425, scale l inch to l mile.
Gibb, R.A., and van Boeckel, J.
1970:
Three-dimensional gravity interpretations of the Round Lake
batholith, northeastern Ontario; Canadian J. Earth Sciences,
Vol.7, No.l, p.156-163.
Ginn, R.M., Savage, W.S., Thomson, R.T., Thomson, J.E., and Fenwick, F.G.
1964:
Timmins-Kirkland Lake Sheet, Cochrane, Sudbury and Timiskaming
Districts; Ontario Dept. Mines, Geol. Compilation Series, Map
2046, scale l inch to 4 miles. Geological compilation 1961, 1962.
Hester, B.W.
1967:
Geology of the silver deposits near Miller Lake, Gowganda;
Trans. CIM, Vol.70, p.277-286.
Hume, G.S.
1925:
The Paleozoic outlier of Lake Timiskaming, Ontario and Quebec;
Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem.145.
Imreh, Laszlo
1970:
Written communication from Laszlo Imreh, Service des Cites mineraux,
Ministere des Richesses Naturelles, Hotel du Gouvernment, Quebec, P.Q,
- 15 -
Kirwan, J.L.
1969:
The Mattagami River Fault system, Ontario; paper in preparation.
Draft copy on file, Resident Geologist's office, Kirkland Lake.
Kumarapeli, P.S., and Saull, V.A.
1966:
The St. Lawrence valley system: a North American equivalent
of the East African rift valley system; Canadian J. Earth
Sciences, Vol.3, No.5, p.639-658.
Leahy, E.J.
1969a: Thomas Township, District of Cochrane; Ontario Dept. Mines,
Prelim. Geol. Map P.547, scale l inch to 1/4 mile. Geology
1964-1968.
1969b:
Lee, H.A.
1965:
1968:
Macklem Township, District of Cochrane; Ontario Dept. Mines,
Prelim. Geol. Map P.546, scale l inch to 1/4 mile. Geology
1964-1968.
Investigation of eskers for mineral exploration; Geol. Surv.
Canada, Paper 65-14, p.l-17.
An Ontario kimberlite occurrence discovered by application of
the glaciofocus method to a study of the Munro Esker; Geol. Surv.
Canada, Paper 68-7.
Mcilwaine, W.H.
1966:
Nicol Township, District of Timiskaming; Ontario Dept. Mines,
Prelim. Geol. Map P.374, scale l inch to 1/4 mile. Geology 1966.
Ninacs, G.J.
1967:
Glen Lake Silver Mines Ltd. and its subsidiaries; CIM Centennial
field excursion, northwestern Quebec and northern Ontario,
p.150-153.
Smith, W.E.T.
1966:
Earthquakes of eastern Canada and adjacent areas; Canada Dept.
Mines and Tech. Surveys, Observatories Branch, Vol.32, No.3.
Symons, D.T.A.
1970:
Paleomagnetism of the Nipissing Diabase, Cobalt area, Ontario;
Canadian J. Earth Sciences, Vol.7, No.l, p.86-90.
Thomson, J.E.
1960:
MacLennan and Scadding Townships, District of Sudbury; Ontario
Dept. Mines, G.R.2, accompanied by Map 2009, scale l inch to
1/2 mile.
Thomson, R.T.
1957:
Cobalt camp; p.377-392 in Structural geology of Canadian ore
deposits, Vol.11; CIM.
1964:
Cobalt silver area, northern sheet, Timiskaming District; Ontario
Dept. Mines, Map 2050, scale l inch to 1,000 feet. Geology 1948-1961
- 16 -
1965:
1968:
Casey and Harris Townships, District of Timiskaming; Ontario
Dept. Mines, G.R.36, accompanied by Map 2066, scale l inch to
1/2 mile.
Proterozoic rocks intersected by a 7,000-foot drill hole in
Henwood Township, District of Timiskaming; Ontario Dept. Mines,
Open File Kept. 5019, accompanied by Map 2126, scale l inch to
1/2 mile.
Thomson, R.T., and Savage, W.S.
1965:
Haileybury Sheet, Districts of Timiskaming and Nipissing; Ontario
Dept. Mines, Geol. Compilation Series, Prelim. Geol. Map P.321,
scale l inch to 2 miles. Geological compilation 1965.