Thèse complète
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Thèse complète
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D MD % " WB CB CD T D JDC D " D G B EB C A D BQ AB X $ " F WB CD CE$ D D B M B LNO F V C ED M B C ^ @ % V C EDD N EC D BC D % V C ED BEE E BXED DD %% % Y EB [WSK A DD D M CED %F " G QQ WVH DB D D B %B D LMBE D M D A M D A M D D " F [ A DB DD " B IED A BQR M B BEE WMW G K " TM $ TM M C ] D D BEE [W G "% ] BQ KSJ E WVWK "" G BEE ] J P L C "D M DC Q C$ A CBDADRC BDE "F ] D ! EBC$ D EM C DB B DDD X D OYK FF ] FC ] BB G D B % ] AEM AE BB B " N CBB DD D BQ U J B" D ] BB N ] KJ BD F M C B [JY BB B ] [JY D MB A EB BB EB BB C M M D D M M DD P C CBE B$ C ] D E D M A DB C M CR D M ADB C [AB BB EB M B CD B D C% Y DBM D D DM D M ADB C% % V C A B EE V BB K W I C" " V C A M C LWJ[L ] CD D ] D ED D W Q CC F I M D N M D L D BQB D $ D D EB D CX BDADRC D B M C DEC D A EC WQ D C ] D OKY C B DDD BB WVWK F M D A BQ X D WVWK C P EE C $ ED D EB DEBP B EBX ] A M C KS ] JNJK LAD CEE D K % LAD C D K % " V $ M B D E B$ D " D Y BB D A M C WVW[LN F F KBQEC A DB D A M C LNJ C B M ED A ED C S DC ECE$ M D D DBC S DC CD$ M D D DBC % M $ $ TM % ] AE $ BB A WVWK % V C D A BQ D % V C A NTK^ M CD$ F %% K D D M CD$ D A D BQ F %" N D EDD BBED B %D M CED B DDD BB %% %F M CED B DDD BB ^ M B D B C %" C$ E %B ] D BC D BB D C D B DDD %F %C E D C D ED D WVWK %B % KB A "% " V BB B DE$ B EB DF " SD C ! 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D $ D E E D ED K T A M DA D EDCD D DA D # DDR D A EEQ B Q A B ^ EC E Q CE$ ^ B C O EB C M D B ] AM C DD A D C D BQ BQ D EB M D $ C E EDA CDD D CDA DDD ED EB D D A WDA M D ^ RD ^ M EE E C C D D D D B D D CD S ] AQ CC B C IBQ WQ D D M L $ EEB L^ E @ C"F BECA L D $ KB [ A AM D D ^ D !DA$ B C D $ CCR D Q S E C D$ EM M B E A ] DD ] A D D B D @$ DD DB P$ D] DE D D D D EBQ D P CD L MCDD E L N CBF L M A E D$ L IBQ Y DQ ^ $ D E C JDDB LDCM DD LN D B M L^ M D ED QCC D CBQ D EZ D E D BD QC^ D EB QCQE $ A M CR D M D $ $ D B D CBD VDX DB P$ C D QCC DA M M B C D^ D D C D DD BBR A $ E BCC ] D A D D D D E BQ D $ QCC M DD C C B DM M M D EB M B B D C DD OD MD BQ D D DED EM C D CBDB$ D X D D ED QCQE DC D C C LCB L ] MB LCB L D D D ED ^ WVWK F B A D A BAC A D [ A D D C D D ECD B D M D CBDB$ D $ D MD EED BD B QRD $ $ S DD M D AEC B D CB DADRC D E BXCEBA$ D A B E D E D ^ M B D CEB$ D BQ D D H D AE L RM C B L WD BM DM B CD D E^ ED CEB$ E B$ ] CD E D E D M $ M B D BD D CEB$ D C D ! D $ A $ P CB CEB$ D D DD D C D ^ BEE D A D C D DD A$ A M E M RC DRB D D E B$ [ D M B MR C AE B$ ^ B ^ $ BD @ EB E C BCC BE ] ] C " QE DD P BQC D E ^ B C%B DD BD ] CC M O QAD$ C"% KQ A^ H H CR CD B D E D $ % DBEE CCE T D JDC ^A C $ E AQ D BB EE $ D BDDD ! Q N D^ BD CD AE B DD D A BBEE V M D^ D C D KKJ D N ] KJ D D^ M B D DDD CD D D B D DBC [ EM BQ$ $ ED M D D CXBB D D D BQ D $ DD D D BD A CR D ! D V ^ DD BBED$ M CR D E B C ^ B C D D BD GEB S A A DD E D $ D BQ D C D D C D R C ^ A E B $ MQDD M $ CC D D CEB$ D^DM B C AEM@ DBB CBQ D D D M D D CBQ D BCC CE$ T ^ $ D D A EC$ I D D B C D BD $ BC D BB E B$ ^ C D E D A C D # CD RD C$ E D C"C DADRC D CEB$ D^ E BER DBD IBQ Y AC [ E JD E T BQA E L D L Y A M D DDED IBQ Y AC^ M D D D B EE B D EDCD B D A $C B $ D AE DD C D CB D^ CE $ E A D J $ B C D L L Y A D $ A M A D RC QAD$ C ! CD ! D$ A D C D ND D RC B EE B E C CC ^ EB LD EM D D L Y A BCC BM C AM C DBD^ CD BCC A M D J BE BQ EM BBQ DBP B RD DE EDD B CB D M B D C D ] A G IBQ Y AC D E C B $ CD D EM C D ED R C ^ D B D A DD DM EM D B $ A M QD$ D CBD DADRC D V ^ B DM B CD D D E D BE^ C D^ EM C D BQ$ D A D BQC$ D DBC ] BCC BD D $ M DCBE B D B D A C C $ D EEC ! ! D EUEDD M D EE D A B M D BQ D^ C D BM ED !C D D$ A BQ$ D D BBQ D DBP B D ] CBQ DM D A DD D WVWK D D D CR D BBEX A DD CEB $ D DBC [ D DDD D D CB DE D E ! A B G CB DE BER V D F L L G B ND B B ^ G D EC D C DDE ED D D DD D A DE $ B EB DD AD N ]AKJ^ CD M A DD D D D C DD CBDB$ D CEB$ A $ A M D ^ B DX X M B D C M C B D RB D D [ MBE BDEE BCC EM $ ! ! $ $ " ] E D B C D C ED M M DB B XP B^ ECD DB $ $ D D D LD D L F C D F Q D ECB D^ E E B B^ D E D C D BCDD^ D M CE D DB D D L D L ^ C BQ F DD D B DDD EB ^ A DD D D EC$ D^ D BQ DB" CE C EB M B C CB B $ BD M D B D DB D V C BQ BQ ^ C ! DB P$ D EE BEED E C BDD D QRC D CB DADRC DA V ^ D D BD EBC$ D BQ BQ BDDB D EC D D C $ E E AE D D E D C D BQ BQ M D CC D S B C JVVV $ BE ] A P E C D WVWK MC " D B D L H D D! CB E G C D B D BQ BQ D^ C D D B D M D CE D EX CB D D CB D^ DD E D M ^ C F BCEQ D DB B D D QAD$ D BD^ BQ D A EB^ BDDB D CE ^ BQ$ D EB ^ CEQ D C D MEP B^ DC OD D DBMD D B $ A CE D ECB D^ A A MD B C $ E XC C CD D M B D B DDD BB $ $ $ 9: ;43/0 </0124.: ] BB LCB L D BP D ECD D C D ED D ] D B D [N C BQ DXD D CB D ] D EC D EBD ! B DED D D DD BCC B ^ DED D D E D CD CBDB$ ^ M XD BDEED BCC D CB D ] C BBED$ $ D D DD AE B M WD DXB D D V EX U CCR D U CR D A A E D ^ E B D D $ C E B W C D D C$ ^ EC D $ C BBED D CB D D C D D CDED M CD D D D EM D $ D IEBE D BD AN RD HD C D IYXWVWK 9: =<<>43=.40-: -0;J/92:9: 9. =/4 9: G$ DX E DD E$ B BB M D WVWK OD MD CA ED B $ D ED D D C D A] B BQED B D M D BQ D^ C D DD D C D A B D C D F CEB BQ D^ B D^ E B D D QAD$ D^ B D^ EEBCCBD^ IYXWVWK LBD EE $ B BE P ^ BQC ^ ] A D EM M CEB F QE L MQDD L^ D D CEBC EM E D ^ B D N A M DB C EB ^A QEBQ D D QADBXCEB$ D D RD E B B D D E BQ M E EB D BE C ND C D ED D^ BQ C D CC D EE$ B D M D W U D A DBC $ $ D U D CBD $ M B D D B D $ B CE$ M $ $ D ] U D BD C P EEQ C CC XEE $ B D C D D ND C CB A $ ^ D C D I AD E D BQ B C D RC D^ $ M D D G ] D WLN D O A S M DD D DDED BD D D ! D CBDB $ D D $ A A D B D $ D V ^ D D C D B D D $DE $ DBB D CBD BCC A P C ^ D A ] E D EBQ D ! D CED CBDB$ A D BD DD C C C D BD E BD QECR CBDB$ C C EZ^ D C D D B D^ A D B D^ DB A N EC^ B DB E D D BQED D $ $ $ + $ F VBQ C DD ] AEC B AE M D D D CB BQ D A C C A B $ D D F D BC D BD D M C CC M C D F D EBD^ M D QR$ A EC^ C EEQ ^ BD$ DEE K ^ K WD B E D D A D BD $ D ] BQ BQ E C CEA ^ B D QAD$ D BCEQ D EE C A M BQC M D M DA BDDB D DXC C V ^ DBE DR $ A D BD E B D C BQCD BDDB D EMD EC B B DXB F QAD$ EC ^ ^ CE B BQ ^ B D DDED D CB BQ D D M D V A D E! BQ D ! $ <</03G9: 19 30-39<.409. A JA D E M CBQE D C D CB D^ B D B ] D C D AED ED EBE CC EC M B C A E! B$ D CE CD D CBQE^ M B DD EDD B [ D ME C ^ D B D BD ^ M S EP B D BQ D BCC D F ND BQ ^ B A D B $ P D DD BQ M D DD E A B D ] A BQ ^ MBQ ^ EB M D M MBE BQ$ D EDE ^ BEE B EB D C DE^ $ A A M M D DDED C BD^ DD $ D D E D B LD BD EBC$ D D WVWK D D EEQ C D CBD BQD D BDEED B [Q A @ ED EEC HBQ B EE B W CD M H $ K BQ DDE BQ EB B CA A C ^ D CEE E M BQ D E B P M D ] D DDED D CB BQ D CBQE EM D D D D D A BD M D D DE D $ DD CE D DD CD DD EB M M D BD L P E EM D BQX D D D BD EM D^ EM D DD B C D C L AQ B ^ CB D D E C A M ] D ECB D WVWK D BM C C D $ B BCC [WSK CD D D D CB BCC D N C A C ^ A ! B E D CB CD A D ]EC ED^ CD B D $ CE E! B C D EEQ D D D D D D D D EBD ! M E^ D Q WD B B CD DA C" E $ M B C D D QXP ED^ D A D BQD BCC M B B C $ B C D EBD D D C C D N A M BB BB ^ ! C A LCB L M B CB ^ CB C ^ CB CD D DB D ECBQ A DDE BQ S BZ EE B $ D EDCD E $ $ - ;=/3G 30-0;4H29 9- 9 <>0:40A CD AD MK M D D CD " D MK ^ M B EBC D CB DADRC DA N R B D BQP D DD U CDD^ D P D W B WQD D ! D B KQ D K WQD ^ C D DD ECE$ DA $ A D CA D DDDB D M QCE $ ^ B E DD BC D DX A P CF" D M W B M B D ^ $ D D DD C ECB C C B C V E^ D BBED D CBB DD D D ILWD D D CD^ M D C D " $ C CC" D A B D DB D M D D C D CB D BC EM D BBED^ D ECE$ ^ B D CA D X B^ D QCE$ G BC D C DD D C CBQE^ C EEC C M D B CDD F D E CCR D CR E! ^ D A M DD C D D B D DB D WVWK^ $ D J D B O A C DD M E D EM DD P D^ CD D EM $ B C D RD C / =-4:=.40- 4-12:./49>>9 9. <0>4.4H29 OD MD M $ D CB D ED D BED ] E A D C D BQ D EC D D EZ EM D $ D DB D DD D D^ BCC C ED B E D CXD D N D^ B D D DD D M M D D $ A D $ D CDD CED D BDD$ D B EMD D BQ D^ D BQ $ $ - 30-.9 .9 19 /93G9/3G9A 9. 1 9>0<<9;9-. J $ BB D WVWK EB DD ED D ND D BD^ D D ] D B BQ BQ EM C D BDDB D EB DD D BB D E D D D DC D F DB D D D^ D BQ BQ ^ EBD CBQ D^ B N A C D D BD D EDE D BE B D DD CE D BQ BQ V ^ D D DDED M B DBBRD DD B A D BBEECR D D D DDED ! B CB CD T D JDC D [ D BD D EE D D BQ " $ $ 89: I0-19/49: ;2>.4 2.4>4:=.92/: WE D D MBE D BQ$ D C X E D EBE CC ^ D RD B DB D B AD CBQE C D WVWK VA V ^ CBQE D WVWK E ! A" E DB OV MK M DC CBQE C D MK EE E ] D B D BE A DB BQ BQ EM C ^ DD C C B CDD ^ E CD^ D DD E D D M B D E D CXD D P B M B M DDD C E C M ED DDE C CBQE^ D A EBDD M DDD C D D D EB M M CD D DEBP$ K ] D E D CXD D D B D D M B D EB DM D BQ$ D N ] KJ OD M D BQ $ A DD D ECD A DB ECE$ D CD$ D QQ D RD EM A ED CD B D QD D BB ^ DDE D B D E D C D D V ^ EC BCC ED D $ D B M DDXB ] D E D $ M D D D M B D CXD M DD $ E ] EB D M B BCC B ^ A DEZ D C D D DD D B DDD EB M CDED^ CD DD D DCC EB D D DDED C A BCE E D DD D DB D $ DDR D D D EB [ D AE D D D D BE D F M D ^ D BQ BQ D D BCC D D DBEED RD E D^ DD D BC D AD D D CBB D C D D B D^ D BC D BQ BQ E $ C D BBED B^ D E D D $ DDR $ A D DE$ B D B CD M B C D B D BEED [ D D D E D EDD D BQ D EB D D ED J BCC C D LC CDX BQ L [ D D D E D BEED EB M B D BE D D E D B D D M B D ] D J LC CDX BQ L D C B BC BEED EB CD C BQD D D DE $ B D BCR D ^ B AM DADRC CD D D B A C ] D CD$ D QQ ^ C C E$ E D D D D D % D A DD ] D DDED M DD CBDB DB P C E M D DRBQ D B # $ D E D CXD D D F A L MKL F D DG K F KMWWT KMWWT N ^ D [D M B BQ WMW K G M B BEE VG V G F HDBQ LWJ[MK^ [AD [VWVWK^ WVWK[L # AWMW D PD BBQ D ADBC ^SK C WKT^ # JOTV P ILW^ K D B WL K K O E D CE$ D^ K DO LKL WWVWK^ TISOJ[ AK WBDAD CD WVWKSJ D A CE D $ $ $ $ 89: 9 9.: 1? 3G9>>9 WBQ E E D D D D AEBQ A D E D C D DB P$ D D $ A CEB $ ^ CEB$ D D^ E BX CEDC ^ Q CAC $ ^ $ J DD D D D D D $B A $ D C [ $ DA D A M BB ^ D P C D B D CDDE E CE B EZ E MA D D M D A BCC D AMD C BE $ $ $ % ] B BEED EB W CDXV BQ E B BQ BE K DA CR D^ D CDD D D D MC$ D D $ D EB D QED D DEB$ D M EB EB $ D E QCC C D $ D E$B D D B D CBD E C D D M D 10 D $ A QED C 10 LD^ D D C DD^ B D EB D A QED D EE D D D D D N C C ^ DQR D A $ D^ D EB D B C D E$ M D M E D D CR D E D L P D B DEB D $ D EB ^ ! CBDB$ B M D BBD B D M B B XB WBQ B B D C D CR D D^ D D DDD BQ ^ B J E $ A EC DQE$ M B C D D P D D $ E $ D D B D D D BQ D D E A M A B EBQ ^ B $ B D LECE L D C D B D D $ B QCC E L$ B B QCQEA $ ECE PA A CB DADRC EB C E$ M EBQ CBDB$ D B C D ED D C! E D BD G M CB DADRC D^ QAD$ D BBD M B QE U C D DD DCD D AE BQ G D DB D CBCE$ D^ D DD DEB D EB D E BBQCA $ D BB D EE D ] D M E BCC D MD M EBE CC B B D DB D D B B E D CC D E D E BBQ D DBP B D BE BQ [ D RC D EE C EDD B M A QQ E L L C D EB D D DEB C $ EB ECE D DB D D D$ D D D BBQ D DB D [ D L BDDB D L EBD F C BQ BB B XD E B D^ CCD DEB BB ] P " C B D A C A C E E BD$ BQ U K C CD D M O E B C CB A D D M ^ BM D BD D D LDB L BB M D C D A A CBA D V MBQ ^A B D D D D DD B EBQ ^ B D BD D B X $ D $ D EBD BQ ] D D D B P ED D D B M ED D B B D D BCC D BE B D D BE D EED M E [ B EB D D D C DD $ −9 −6 $ $ $ $ $ V C NC D " V C A D C E BD$ ] K^ C D CD D M D ] D CB CD B C B $ K 29:.40-: 19 /93G9/3G9 @D$ A ED ^ C CB D^ D O EDD^ A D L D$ L $ M EDE D BQ D EB ME B D B D E B C S M C D D D D D A A E ^ D C D CD $ D DRM D DED A K BE P [ D BD^ $ RD BM D EC D M ED^ A $ BQD D C EE D [ D $ D ECD D DDED BQ$ D^ M B RD E A BD $ EB V C ECB D^ EEE P E^ B D BD D D D D CBQE^ CE D B B ED E C BE [ ^ D LD E L M D % SI P LOJKLTJSOK JE H D G B DDD BB G GDDED$ D BQ JONMKTIJV ]] VK F ] BE A E DB D CB BQ D D DDED S CED EZ C C DBB M BEA A A C EBE DE$ B DM F D^ DD E $ D DEC A LP L B DDD BB M D D D ^ BCC D P F ND B QRD ^ D D E DDD B D CB D C BBED CEQ D^ C DD G B BQ$ D XC C E C C BBED EC C ] AE E A D P E A DDE BQX ] P ^ $ ^ D BDEE BCC B $ D E B $ # $ D B ^ A B $ B C EX CBQ BB ^ DD A E BB P EA CE D ! D D [ DD D B DDD BB ^ M D D D C D $ D B D BB M [ B DDD BB X M C B ^ BE D^ E D^ D A D D EBDD^ D CED D B D J D EX PQCD^ B C CED ED B B^ DD B ^ CC D ] D CB D D E D D CB D^ B A D EM B $ A AEBQ $ EB WD B D E B D D C D C D D EC D $ B CR E C D OD $ DD BQ BQ D D DM D F F [CC BBED CR EC D CB D F G EM B D CB D^ D CEQ D BB DX D EX EE D >=- 12 ;=-2:3/4. O D D M N A ^ D D D BBED EBD D CB D D $ D D D EP D D C D D A C EBED CDED DDD BQ D M D N ^ D EM D BBED B DDD BB B A $ $ $ " D D D D DD B D E D $ D ! 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BED B D B D D C D D DD D E B E B BM E BQ BQ C ECD DB D BDDB D $ $ $ G/0-0>0 49 19 ./= =4> ] BQ M QRD D DE RD BDD$ M B EEBQ C EC$ ^ DM A E A CED ] AE Q$ EDE QRD D E DM D D D F BB ^A EB BCEQ D C D CB D M D D C D B LD^ ECBQ BQ BQ EE F A ^ M A A BQ EC$ $ A C EME BD CD ^ ] A B $ M D D M B CC D D P E D ECE CED B DDD BB EE D D E ;=/3G9 19 /93G9/3G9 ] ECBQ A BCD CB C CB C V ^ E B C D CB BCC $D $ D B D CBD ^ DD^ X^ M D^ D A ^ D $ D BB E D ] D E B D QAD$ D D D B D C$ D $ C M C D OD MD ED E B $ ^ D D D AE BQ ! 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A BB ED CB B $ D D BD D CEBC ] PM E $ D D CEQ D EB A QQ M J L [ D BQ D D EE D BQ D L MA A BB CBQ [W G ^ D BQ D WVWK D M D D E C CB B D DD D [ D B D M M B D DDD D P BO B DDD DD EC $ B EE C$ P B DDD L P BQD D DD BQ$ D D B D^ D MD BE CR E Q$ ] D D B D E B D D CEQ D EB DD D C A N KJ [ D CD D AECD M B D BD WVWK^ ED M BB BQ D BQ D M ED B D M RD E D [ D D CD BC D E D E B D CX D AE D BEED EB N D^ D D DCC D D E DCDED M B C D CB BQ D M D BD $ CEQ D EM C D E CR BM 43/09>93A 8? .219 19 >= </=.4H29 4-12:./49>>9A 19 30-39<.40- 19 A ./0-43: L P D BC EE D ^ E D D A C CDE XC C [ BQ C M D CEQ D DD D D DB B D DB D D $ ] DB M^ A O [B JEE K WD M M D DB D ECBQ A D M B BQ BQ XB^ E B$ E ECE D D BDDB D D D C D BQ D EB DC D CB DADRC D $ $ $ $ B B N M D B C Q C$ ] ] D D A D BE D AE$ BQ U KTWB BBD A [ D P D D D [ E$ BQ BQ E]M C D BB D WVWK C D D B D E B$ D C DP A D L DDD BB EE L L A E E D ^ARD M DDDE $ $ D ED^ EE EBE M D D DDED A B C EUE B$ ] D ECE A B BCC Q C$ [VL IHH BE P L ] BQ D BQ D E E M DE D DB D F D EBD DEBX P$D D D B D EBA [ D E D B CR ED $ M D $ Q C D D Q C $ M D DEBDE D ] DD ED $ ED E C E E D E OD MD BCC BE D D E D CA D DC ^ A A D EC $ D^ D D EUE B$ D P C M D D B P B A ] P C BC QE QECR EUE B$ XC C D DD DA BC E BDD A DC MEP B D B B D EUE B$ D D C P BD C DD D BCEQ D C EB C ] M D D EC$ D BCD D LOK K P L ED D BBD A $ D^ D B D [S N VOTSI A A B D EBD DCD EEC D P D L OK K [S N VOTSI E $ P D E D EZD D DCD D BCDD EUE BX $ D V ^ D EDD DD D C D B D M B D A DCD E D ! 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BE B CR D BBED D CB D D D [ D D D M D D LCB L CEB$ D D BBD EED V ^ D WVWK DA BQR B D C D OD D DD D C D B D CB D OD E D B D C D D BR C P ED D G B C D EB C D^ D E D EBE D CA D A EAED B B D D F D E D CD DA BEED D A L CEB $ L ^ D D BEED B D DBC A D $ B C BEED B D J D EB DD AM BQ B E D D C CD A D ECD D D C D B D QAD $ D DDBE D WD D DD B B D CEQ D EB V ^ DD BDDB E B DXB D CDD BC D BED B D D ] BBED A D D D AD EQ B DDD BB $ $ = 0-0;49 19: </0124.: >? 3G9>>9 ;=3/0:30<4H29 LM BBED D M A E D CB D^ BM # DM B $ DP B C D$ D CAE EE C B D D M $DD D E DEBDE ^ D C D LCB L LC L # A DXB $ AD MCB VDXB DC $ D M B [N DX CB CDE ] D A B EE B D D WVWK ^ C EE DE ^ P # BE D WVWK D ED E D^ E B D ED B C D ED B C M C D E D D ND D D BD^ D MD D D ED E B$ D D L CEX B $ D L F DB D M B D C M C D EECD BBD ] CR BDD D D D C D WVWK B^ D A AA B C M C D C M D ] ^ D D DD D B BCR C E B$ D D BDD D DM D EM C BCR E F BDD JJ ED ED E BCEB$ BE BQ BDD JJJ^ D CB CD D DDE ! B BQ U T D JDC $ $ $ TM % M D C D WVWK KB JWK ^ DQ WVWK LB BD L ] CB WJT QQ WVH KB I BDD JN ^ DADRC BC M B D B $ D DE E D CD BQ U K ] E B D BDD D J JJ^ D $ A BDD JJ D DM D D E$ C EBED V MBQ ^ C C D C X RC D $ D DD D BB DEB D B D EBQ D ^ H ^ D D C D EB DD E E B C $ E B M L M BEC$ ^ DD CEB$ ^ D DD BDDP B OD BDED D BE D B D CB D F D CB RB D CEB$ D^ D CB BCDD^ D CB DADRC D E BXCEB$ D WVWK ] D CB RB D CEB$ D F [ D D RB D CEB$ D CQ$ D D D BD D CBDB$ S B D BDE A $ D D D C X D D CB RB D C V ^ EM D BEED EB CEB$ D B A AD CB E B$ D $ D RB D C D BBED$ CB D EDCD ED D BCC M D I I ED ^ C ^ CB EDE WJT TM $ $ + $ " HD ] D RB D $ BD D D C D CBCE$ A D A RC D D ] DD C P [ D BDE CB RB D CEB$ D D DA BB ^ D D AE BQ E ^ CD D CD CB B DDD EM C D RD ] DC F EB D E D RB D D DD C P C QX Q WVH A D RB D ^EDE D DBC M E G EDC ^ D CB RB D CEB$ D D DD D C D D CEB$ D D C DD D E D^ ED CR D$ ] D CEQ D EB DE D D DD D CDD BEED CEB$ D BE BQ $ D BEED EM ED D BQ D D DBC BE BQ ] D CB BCDD F [ D D D ED D BCDD E B $ D M A C D ECB D^ D ED D EBD DC D V MBQ ^ B D D D D C D DD D D BBD EED BCC D BCDD GE B$ D BDD$ D^ D D A ! ED D RD BD C ^ CB D EEQ D DD CE D B C C CR $ CBB DD J ]CE BCC [WSK C B E ^ B B B D D M N ] KJ $ BZ DADRC E B$ L M D B D D DED D EBD EDE D^A D MD MBEC D P $ D C M C D CEB$ D D CD ! ^ $ D $ [ ^ B D C M C D D D D M D EECD RB D D D $ D C M C D D D D^ D $ D D DADRC D CEB$ D V ^ D CB BCDD BC E EB E]D E B$ CEB$ D D EDED DD C EB D D E B$ D CEB$ D D B E$ E D D A C C ^ D C C DD DBC^ D D BQ D M D DBC BE BQ V EDCE^ D CB BCDD D DDD C AE B$ D EBD EDE D M D CA D $ C E B$ D D EDCD EDE D A CR QA CEB$ E B$ ND B $ E^ D BQ D EB CAE D M BC D ] D CB DADRC D WVWK F ] D CB DADRC D D D CB BCDD D $ D D MD BED D Q EBE M B D C ^ $ B D C EB C C E E$ M CB BCD D $ $ D $ C$ D D BB A G A BB EE M CB DADRC WVWK D XCA C C ^ B DD WVWK D E BCR $ B EC^ BCC$ $ $ D A E [ D WVWK ED ED D EBD E B AB D C E ] E B B M B CB BCD M B D BC E F D EBD D CD EC D^ D D M B C E D D A BC D B $ M EB DD BB E B DEBP$ ^ ] A D B ^ DD D EE BB E E DB C CEB$ ^ E B$ D $ ^ B D C D CQAD$ D BC D D $ ^ EEBCCB XEE$ B G EDC ^ CB DADRC WVWK D BD C AE B$ CB CEBA $ ] D EBD EDE D D BC D M B C E CE A EB DEBP$ ] EB A B D D BC B E E BXCEB$ M D DBC D DD BCE BE BQ D $ =J>9=2 / 3=<4.2>=.4I WB RB D CEB$ D DD C D EBX A BEED EB WVWK DD C EX EBCE B ] N KJ ED B AE B$ [WSK ED BD BC D M B C E D D X CQAD$ D MC D ED ND B QRD ^ D BDE D B C D CB BCDD CB DADRC D^ DA QA D E BXCEB$ D [ D D D EDED D BEED DDD D CB E B $ D DBC DD DD C ^ BD G E $ D E B B^ B [N A D B D BDEE BCC ACB C C D B D D ED D C DD D D E D^ $ D B D D E B$ D CEB$ D V ^ D B BD A O $ P E ] LCEB$ L^ DD C BCDD A C D E D [ D E N KJ BCE D CEQ D EB^ D $ ^ $ E B EC E B CD DADRC D WVWK WB BCDD DD C EX EBCE B ] N KJ ED B AE B$ [WSK EBD DC D $ $ $ ND B BQ ^ D D ED AA BD D CB BQ D [ E D DD ED Q M D B D EDD BR D D B D D D $ D MD BED L P C BC D E B D A CB DADRC D^ CB BCDD WVWK^ DD C B D ! 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ED B D B D BBED ] BQ C D EE$ B EDB EC DEC B D B D DD D LM L D RC D DD BE PCD ^ D $ D B D CEB$ D M B C C $ ] CD D EEQ D D CBE D EBD EDCD D D D B D BD E $ D ECB D D BCDD WVWK D A RD CE D D C D EEBCCBD^ BCC D E B$ EE JD CB B D BCDD DDED BB D^ BBED ED D EBD BM D D $ BCC P ] D B B D $ E D BB D D C CEED DE QAD$ C D DB D L L DD C D EC BBED D D N C C EZ^ D B B D $ E P D RD E MED D D P E BCEB$ EE $ B [ XB D EDED B D D E B$ D EDB CEB$ M DB D BE ^ EE E BD$ C ^ EDB CEB$ C EE$ B $ E D ECE [ ] EME D $ B D EDB D C DE M D CA D E B$ D D BBED DE D E CP D EE$ B D EDB BCC $ 9;<>9 <=/.432>49/ 12 9. 19 >= 3=<=34. =/4=J>9 [ D BX ] D D BB D ECE RD BQ B D D g 0 0 g 0 0 N E B DE R KB IW $ E B A A A C C $ ^ D BD E M A E BBE [D ^ D BD CR DA EB D BB J A BBD E B$ D DBD F BB B B B C J D A D CB BCC D CB D F D LDE L D LBBED L BCC C P ] DE BCC ] BDD$ B QAD$ C BB D E B$ ] A BBE B B ED D M B D M B BCC EDE BQ A [WSK D $ BB D BE QAD$ C ^ A B D B E D M D E CE N D^ B D D D A ECD A M E E$ B D BDCC $ D E ] B C ^ B C D QC D [WSK M DD BCC D B C B A BD F D CD A CBD B C D MD M B D BCC D [WSK D BD D BD Q XM DD C DD EB C EC B ] BBE A B D E D ECE ^ D A DEB D E B D M D C E M BBE A A ME E B C C C E Z $ D BD X D CP E M BB E B$ AB C E A C C E DB E B D J D DD D BBED M D DD D DEB K M ^ D RC D EED EB^ D QECR D D GD B C DEED A D B D E M C E CC C ^ D BBED M D M CD E C BBE A A ELB B C A D BC B E DEB M A M D C D B C ^ A D D EC D F D D END B D E BD $ D CE$ D^ C A BD B C E BD$ ^ BBE D BEE C X E B D P C $ ^ DCD D ] CCU E N B E EM EB EB D EB $ $ N DBD A ED E BCEB$ DBQEC E BCEB$ ^ CED EEC D P D^ B Q WVH M BBE B DB D E B D^ D $ C BX ME ] AM B A A B C D B C E BDCC B D CD D B ND BD A B C A C C M C D E E CE D BQ B $ M $ CC E EC A A S D E B C EUE B$ D D BQ U KTWBX BBD D ED D B A ABM D A L <=/.432>49/ 12 / 3=-4H29 <94 -9: 4-.9/ 9;<>9 ;43/0 :0-=.92/ >93./0; 14 4. : ] D ED D E BCEB$ D D ED D D BCDD WVWK BDD $ D^ D D DED BCC DB D E B$ XCEB $ D D D D^ BCC C BCC P E BCEB$ M ED E BCEB$ D ED D ED D D F E B D P D CDD DD D DDD $ BCC E B C BCC M D P ] CDD$ D $ D DDD DD BCC P CEB$ CD EE $ B EDB $ E CDD D B B D D DDD V D E B D^ E D D ED AEM D DD ECE$ D^ ] D BE EB CEB$ E BD$ $ EM $ A D $ E D E B D P D C D $ M k E D C BBE M ^ D$ A D D DCD D E B CCD E EC F ] EB E BD$ EM B E D D MD BBE ] ECE DB A E $ C M C A D DD $ D B B EB D C F S^ BBE A B D EB DEB A E D AE B F ] D AE DD D E B DA ED M DX XM D EB E BD$ D C M C D B F % S C$ $ B EB D E B D M D E BX D V MBQ ^ D BE D $ E A D D E B D V $ D P CDD C CE D B D D M E B D P D^ D DD A B A CDD C M B EB C F " V $ D D E B D D DCC E ME E B B ^ C ^ D Z D BD D MD F D [ EB D E C E D $ E D D E B D P D^ B $ D EBED BO EE $ B A B ] DB D BCDE A CDD ^ DDD A EB BB ^ D BC BCC DB QC$ ^ E AE $ F $ V E = 1/2 CV 2 x Fx = − ∂C ∂(1/2 CV 2 ) = −1/2 V 2 ∂x ∂x A C = 2ε0 e A avec A = ex d x Fx = − d eε0 V 2 d x Vf Vi eε0 (Vf − Vi )2 Fx = − d Vi Fx ' 2 eε0 Vf Vi d Vi $ d2 x Msis 2 + dt √ F Msis k dx + kx = Fx Q dt ] BD k D E D D E B ECE C A D CE DED M ED CDD DDC$ E$ M DD EE E A T T C Q D E B ] $ E EDB ^ D E EB C D D DEB D D DADRC E $ C D CR D CEB$ D sis D AE B F ω0 = r B k Msis [ D E $ D ]C E E B ECE EB C B D BD ED E BCEBA $ D ED D B A DDE B^ B D DD BD E D M BE LM B B D ECE D DC D^ B D DD BCC B M BDD$ D LD^ D DDD CEX D DD D D D E BD$ D E D QR$ D BCDD C$ D B D D BB DDDE N C C EZ $ BBE M ^ B EC D D E D BD F AB ED ^ P D B D D B CDD DD D [ D BCD E! BC $ D B D EEC D C$ D A CE D D D D D CEQ D BB D QC D CD BCC D M D D JJ $ ] D BD WVWK E$ D D D D D C D D D DD CD ] B ^ D BDCCA M BCD XC C W W RC B M D D DX D P E^ D B D B D A BD D D DDED D B M C $ BDDB D Q B ^ C C E M WD D D C C B D CD D D C D ND BD A E$ ^ M D C C D M D $ D A C B B RD $ EB D D EE L M D B D^ DDE ED D B $ DD DE D D E B ED D M D BD AM D BM C M D M D $ $ R D CD D C D [ D B $ DD D DD A A CE ^ ^ DD $ B D D D CE ND BD AM BQDD ^ BD$ BCD D D D E! CX A A D CB DADRC D D A D ND B BD^ B D CE D ECB D $ C D B M D BD D D C$ D D DD C B BBQ C D D D N CB B D D DDED D D D R D D A C P BD ECE P CE EB C BBQ C M ] CD E DD D D C D O D MD G D G D ] O ED B DDD EB DD D BQ D EM X C WVWK ED D D CB ! D MD ] P % E A DE$ B M QQ E OD BE BQ C EC D CE D BQ M XDD ND B B ^ W EB BE DE B + + % % KE $ B EBG ] A D CB ! D MD KB D O + ECE BEE EB ED E BCC ^ E CEB$ D D E$ V ^ B ! M D BE D QR D^ B $ " A D B D C EB C A C D D^ BC M CAC N DA MD E D EE BED CD RD BD $ $ D U D D B D ^ E ED ! 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ND B D BD^ D BBED$ D D RB D D D CD C DD D CC M D EBD [ BEE D ADB D D BEED MA D EB CB D CEB CD D B BEE D D BC M B D BQ$ D ] KJ $ D C ] D EEWVWK NDE D P B D D BQ$ D EB CX BE BQ M E DDE B CDD D E V ^ DC M B QQ BDD$ D $ D RB D EDE D M ^ C C D A E D M ADD C $ D ^ D EEP B D B CDD D BB DD D $ ! ] D D D BD D D CD EM C D CB DADX RC D V ^ C ^ D D E $ AD DD D A C E BCC A M D D C D BQ $ D D EBQ CD ED B EB [ EB D C D $ "D G BEE ] JP L C B $ D DBE BEE D E [Q ^ C D ECE D D "F M DC Q C$ A CBDADRC BDE BD A M C EB C BR C DDE ^ BD D B D BQC$ D D BD D D L M D EBD A BD^ M F M B C E ^ G[CCB B CB DADRC ^ YMD C DADRC ^ V MB BQ BCC M D P ] A CB D D BC $ B A B BDD$ B D EB ND BD A B ^ C ^ D C BQ ] E B D M C CD EMD B EB A D RC D B M B A E D^ M B ]ED B CDQR A LM L D D BD D D EBD B ^ D B CQAD$ D EB D A BQ BB EB G M D EX CB D BB D^ CD D ] ADD DEB D D D M BQD CD D RD EEM C B D DDED^ CA C EZ $ D CB B DD D C BBD A BD D $ D B CR ^ D EZ E B D B D HH CB ND BQ ^ D MD CE $ B D BD D EE D D DD D ARD DC ^ A A B B C E D C A D$ D EB V ^ C C B DD C ^ M C E ! 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"B EBQ CBDB$ CD DD C CB RB D CEB$ D ^ D G G D BDD D B F D K KAD C B D K[ KAD C [Q * + ] B D DEC BCEQ D D A D A C DADX RC WVWK D D BD BCC BCD LD L D B D DADRC J B B M B XBQ V ^ G B D BCDD DDED B D D^ BB D G B D B D^ D D DB D WVWK G B A D EEC D DD EB C DADRC D^ D^ B IY ] D M D KG D D CE D E K ] DX C D BCDD D DADRC D CR D C BO K R D D B D DB D D C C CB DD^ P M BB KAD C [Q * * ' ] B A DD BB ]E D D A E D $ D C DADRC D C C E D D E B$ D D $ D WVWK M E D D D BQ D BC D N C C EDZ$D D C D ILW^ ISW^ NILW D BDD CR CQ$ B XC C [ E DDE A CA CC DD A D ECB D CD C D EBC$ D^ B A D E DD C ^ B C D D $ D E D B CE OECD^ C RC D BQ$ D D ED ] RC B M E XBCE B D BQ D CC M AQ C$ G D E E B$ E DDD $ E D E D$ M BD D DB D WVWK D A B CE A$ C D DDD % [ B $ CD M D B D D A BQ D BEED V ^ B D A CEA D LBCD L B DX X $ D D D DBC M B D D EBD BCC C DE D BBQ D CE DD EB C B ND A D C ^ D B D EA M C B K[ D EC D M D ED $ RD C ◦ $ "C OD MD ED E D B BQ DBE D CEQ D EB CB D D D D F CDA D B DDD CEB$ D^ D BQ D CB D EE D DBC B D BEED D BD DEBP$ D CB DADRC D [ AD D BEED E B DA C BCE A D BBED $ D D CB D $ D MD E D E D C D B NDA BD D CB BCDD D WVWK^ ] BBED $ EC ] D B D BQ D N KJ BCE D E DDD D BD E B$ D A CEB$ D DD D E $ D BQ$ D E D D DBC [ D CEQ D B B C D BQ D BQ D B D D [ C$ ECE E N 1/2 ^ B C B C D B DD D C $ $ D CBD ] A BE B D CEQ D EB D DDE A DD C M E$ ] D BQ $ D M BQC$ ^ DDBE D B BBQ DBP B ^ C A DA C M C D E D D DD M B E DD C [ D ED D EB D C M B D EBQ D RD B D D B D E EEP B B CDD V D D $ $ D EDE D D BB ^ BDR $ D E$ E E! DD CE $ D ] D AD D BDEBM D D BD D CEQ D EB D G D CD C EM B B D BBED $ D D CB D B QRD ^ D A D E D BR C D D CB DADRC D E BCEB$ D WVWK OD DD B BBED Q D A $BC D ! D EC ^ ED M ^ CD DD D BED B DDD BB ^ ! RC B CDB M CB DADRC E B CEB$ ED D BBED$ D DM D F N D C DD CBCE$ D^ M EB D BQ D DD D AD N ] KJ^ M ECE ^ N D EC D DC D^ N C M C E D D^ N D D BD CQAD$ D EB D^ M DD C M EB^ N D B D DD BED D C DD^ M BC EB $ ./4H29: ]]A D C DD ^ D CE BBX 9: 14;9-:40-: ;43/0; A ED$ ^ D CB EM D E^ A DADRC D CEX B$ D^ D CD OD MD M $ D BD CB DADRC D C DD D EDD C CCR [ D CB DADRC D DA DDED B CDD ^ C C D D C DD LQD L D B CR D^ CE BBED$ D CBDB$ C DD BCC C D BD CB CD DADRC D ! 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D D$ A D C D B DD AM $ A CB CC M D B M C D E O D B EC D M D EMBD BQ ] E B $ D MD EM $ E CB CEB$ CB BCDD WVWK D EZ B C M C D EDE ND BD A DADRC BDE CBRB D CEB$ D^ D C M C D M D BC D B D DADRC D D D M D CDD DADRC D CB V MBQ ^ D BD D WVWK^ D C M C D D D B D ^ D D D D M EDED EEC D D D - =::9;J>= 9 = =-. I=J/43=.40] C M C D D BBED$ D B D A CB D^ D MD M $ E D EEC RB D D D^ D E B D RB D BCC D BD CB BQR ] BQ $ DE BE BM ED E D DB D D B BBQ DBP B [ BQ C$ $ D DD D BE D DD C D E D D LM L EB^ B B B E C BB " $ $ " $ D ] D D AE BQ 9: </4-34<9: 19 :0>2.40-: 30-14.40-- : <=/ >9: 14;9-:40-: A ! D D B D DD^ D C ^ D$ E E M DADRC ^ D D DE D EEC D O $ G A D DD A M D^ D MD M M B C BCC A X $ $ B D BD M EB $ B D EBQ D 30;<>9 9 9. I0-3.40--9> S M M DD EM D F D D EABD B^ DE BQ B BD A E B$ D D ! D D E]BD EB M B C E F B D ECD^ D B XB E E DADRC ^ M B D EBED LCEB$ D L DEC D " $ D% D" ] A ! BE B D BBED B DDD BB D CB DADRC D E BCEB $ [ BBED D E A B DDD A BB $ B D D C D CEB$ E B$ ^ D E DD EE D M ED B DDD BBEDE^ AD EC C EM B B D D B XB D D C D EC B CR C O ! BE D B M F D D A $ D C CEQ D D D D DD A CE G C B E ^ D MD E B DXD^ QAX QRD D F D D D M A C AE B$ CEB$ ^ B A D B D B D A BD $ E D AD D^ AD B DDD D E BB D EB DD N A M CEQ$ ^ B D B CA BQ EQX Q$ B! C M B AD E DB P$ D D C D CEB$ ^ CB E B$ D WVWK 89: 9- 92 4-12:./49>: 1?2-9 ;94>>92/9 30;</ G9-:40- ] ME C ] BQ BQ D C BB D D D EBC$ CBQE BB B D D EEC D C D ADD D M C D ^ BCEQ D DC B DDD BB ^ CD DD EM C ^ DD D EEP B D P B D A D D D BCEM D [ C D MDE D BDD$ C F D B D B D^ D ED $ E S D $ C! D EBDD D D RD C BB D B D $ D B D B EC A $ ^ BCC DE D P E [ [ P BDD$ C $ C D D B D D E C B DDD EM C ^ ED B XB D CBQE C C M D E ^ M E [ QECR D C DDCE CD^ ECE C BQ BQ D D CEQ D BB V ^ B A D D QD D BB $ D ! D BBED$ D EBC$ D D D F D BB D D EBDD B D C EBC$ $ DF DB ] D ! EBC$ D EM C A A BQ $ BQ BB ND C D WVWK^ B D E D O A D E D C D $ ! 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V M V L M L F V J J L KK " W Q LL J L Q Q O W M W V P R PL LR H\ P Q R PJ O M W R J Q L L J L W W J M L X S Q L J L W Q L W J J " N W Q L W W Q L W Q Q M Q J M W " Q Q " W M L M Q Q W S W W J S M M PW Q J S L M \ R O J Q L Q L M Z W J N W V W S P Q J M W R Q M P N S M L W Q M Q J S L R P M L M M L X R P K K N K KR Y N W S \ L J J Q W M V Q L Q L W L J P G! Y L ! Y I J J R M G H I M S M 59B 8 B= @?CE9B<578 J V Q Q " H \ Y M L W P GY IR W Y W Y \ W J P! Y R \ W W W Q L H \ Q P ! L R W TM J J J J W W S W QL J L W P M S \ \R N L L S LL J K J " S Z W S W Q S ML P RY ML L F W QL M J W Q J S J Y QW M S W Q S J ML " W W QL M Y SJ Q " K G! HHI Q " L J H \ Q W !Y K W K W P ! L J R Y !V J Y YV P L J M RJ W S ML L W M J W ! J Y W " W S J Q ML L Q L J J M J Y W S W YQ W YQ ! J J J W " W J K K Y Y M Q J S M J Q Y P Q Q O M R J W L J Y M Q S J M Q J Q M S W L S " J W W J W T W S T Q Y Q M P W R " W J L Q T ! M J # M Q W QL P ML H[ J J W R Q J W " Y !F S W J " W QL M Y M S M Y M O M W L " W M @=; 58B@= J Q Y! L W W J J M M ML ML L L W QL Q M " QW L Q M L " L L ML L " W J " # $ # ,0( %& 0-% 3**(,' % 1) +% W W W J J L O J W L N L ! G! I N K K Q Q J V J J J M J P R V P Q V Q P Q R SJ N QW W R J QL J ! J S M LT N L P M S \ R Z J W M Y Q J Q K K L L N Q W K K H W " W O F G YH I HH N J J Q LT L M V M J W J Q W N " O W J J J Q J Q Q W J V J L M W J P S M \ R M Y " W J 78 ;E?E;9D?B89B<578 A5 >?@A5B9 L W Q L L M L J Q W J J J L W O W Q " L J W Q W J W " W M J W M W Q Q Y Q 7 9 >7 A7 >?@ C78 A7 ;@=;7>9B@= \ W W L Q L J J Q J L J W Q " S Y S " N W Q L " M L L M T J Q J HH \ ! J P L P G! IR R P L R 78 C@A78 A7 ?7>?D87=9E9B@= A5 >?@A5B9 W N Z T W Q L P M J J L W Q L P R J Y R Q L L L J S J J J L W P " L W R W Q S P KL K S M R M W T M M J J J J W M N Y " ML U P Q R W E ?7 E9B@= 7=9?7 @?C7 79 @=;9B@= 79 7 >@97=9B7 A7 AD;@C>@8B9B@= J M J L Q J J Q M J Y J W M Q T M W J W P Q Q J L J W W O R Q L J S L L " N J Q T M YQ M J O Q W L W LT J M J P M Q R Q L Q L J E CD9 @A@ @ B7 A7 AD 7 @>>7C7=9 W W J Q Q M J M L M J S M L L P M \ R " W Q L S M J Q M W O O M S M J J Q J Q O Y W L J W Q N L M J M M W J Q L M L Q Q Q " W J M M J Q ML " T J ML W W " W Q Q J Q ML Q J M L Y S J M ! M KL T K M " L W QL W J J M ML M W L J M E 7E5 ?D;E>B95 E9B ! Y J Q J !! J S L M J W J Q J W O L W W L J \ W L M O L W W J 1/2 Q N O J F U JQ W M W R P Q !! J Q L Q J L S M W J L !! " N J W M J W " Q SJ J W Q !! Q W !! " W W J Q J " QJ " W L O SL " W W W S QL W F Q J ! ! W " W J ! ! W J Q ! ! # $ -% 3**(,' % , ) 3+,) !" *,0 ! "# Q M J PJ M \ R Y Q L $ W W L % G% % Y % I F J W N L P Q $ M L J T $ L R J L N Q L % % P$ W Q M J R W W L Y S \ [ M J P R P W R P R W O Q S Q W W J $ Q L S J N O M J J W M L M Q O L K K U Y W $ G H I W M J J W M M P R S \ [ \ W W J M G% % Y % I L Q $ K L W Q K L J Q L V W Q Q L Q M Q J % % % % % M O J L W L J J Q W J J W W O W SL QJ L L M L J W SJ J M S J W SL " "# ## "# " ! !"# " " "!# " "# J X L M $ W L J U J L Q Q L W Q ML W W ML W W QJ S L P L L Y Y W R Q J S L J W $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ L S Q J L L Q F M J S W Q Q LT PQ J S W F J J J \ J S V W M J S L S J S [ H F J S Y H J J R W S QO $ $ J L L R W W P W W J J W Q L J W W S W W J L L Q Q W L J W Q J J T J K K T % % $ % $ $ % % % $ J J Z L QW M J X J J M J R V M M R N Q P P ML M W O M J M W J L W J M N % % $ M N W W Q M O J QJ J J S J J Q L SL % $ W S M P W Q M Q L Q Y J J R L M W O SL W N YQ M $ $ U QJ ML U S Q J L W Q M M % % % $ T W W W I Y GY U J W Q Y ML L Q W W W M Q Q " " " !" "!# " HH J Q Y M M R S F Y $ % % % % Q G HI V J L S ML L W J L J M M Z Q M J J ML J J P Q J J % % $ L J W M M L J J QW W W M JQ O J L J L \ \ Q M L % % % W O J M J Q W S L M J S W T W % J L W M \ M Q M M M % W L O G \I P L LL Q L O W J W RP MS \ R Q % % % $ $ L M ML J J \ HR PMS O Q W S ML T O S M M LL J J J LL J W Q ML J L J W W Q Y J W J S L W W Q L Q L W \ W M W M W J P W ML R QL % % $ $ Y Y S Q W Q LL W J J V SJ M V Q MW Q W W ML V \ H % % P G H IR [ Y Q Q V W # ! "## # # " " L Q W LL J N W L J J L M % % $ Y Q L L W J J L S Q R W S P V S Q J % % + S Y J W \ G \I JQ J $ $ $ $ $ % % J LL S M ML Q P ML Q ML L L LL J X N W W W S W M W S J J W W W S G I N Q W Q LL J W S W J Q W V L L J Q W S S W S M W W S J W Q Y J W L W S J J W W R LL W W U M W Q L S W Q J J T W J S X J N J W V \ Q % + P G \IR % % H Y S YQ W $ $ $ $ M Y VM J \ L F L W J J W W W J Y W S W J Y W O S J L S Q M T M W P W ML R \ Q M J Q J L L W J Q S S M J L M W S L L S M W QL \ R ML W JQ M G L U P W I Y J Q F GF H I J W \ M J L $ Q Y W W W M M L J Q J M L J F G% H[I W W J S J M J P M S \ R J \ M S M P G% H[IR PM J L V \ \ \ R # # ! "# "# " " " % % O Q Q Q JQ J ML T G H[I Q $ % % % J Q M J W M O Q J W W J W Q Q W W J W W QJ SL Q Q J Q L W QW J Q Q ML J W % % J J J M M J % % $ % % L J W Q M W W \ QW W ML Q N ML \ J W W W F J "# # " # " + W [ Y S % % % $ W S S W W \ W W S \ S W % % $ % T M % % T M + S Y W W Y W W Y W T % W Y W S S \ \ \ W W Y T M % T M S \ Y \ W + [ \ \ \ \ $ \ W W Y W W % % % % $ Y Y Y W TM % % Y T M W X W W W T M T M T M T M % % $ $ % % T M T M $ T M Y V Y W W W - W ) 0 0 0 !.# ! Y Y W \ U Y T M T M T M T M T M W Y W T M W \ W YW \ V \ $ T X % % Y W W Z \ + W W W Y W T M $ $ W W W W W Z \ W % % Y + [ "# "# " !" ! #" ! # W W Y $ $ % T M % T M W W W V W Z \ % % $ $ W W W Y W W W W W W % % $ W V \ [ U W W $ $ % \ [ \ \ [ \ % [ $ % Y "# "# ! " " $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % % $ $ $ % % $ "# # " !# " ! "## # " ! % $ $ $ % % $ $ $ $ $ # # ! "# # " " " $ % % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ % % $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ % $ $ % $ % % $ $ + $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ % % $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ "# " !# " " " $ $ % % % % ! " % % $ % % % % $ % % % $ $ % % % % $ $ % % % % $ $ % % $ $ % % $ $ % % $ $ $ $ % % $ $ $ $ + % % % $ $ % % $ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " % % % % $ % % $ $ t $ "# " # # # # " " % % $ ◦ + eij dij d33 = +5.53.10−12 C.N −1 m.V −1 V.m−1 + ! " " " # ! # $% " ! " & ' ( () ! ' ) * ! $ + , ! # " . / / . 0 1 " ! 2 " ! / 11 1 # 2 $ 2 $ * # ! % $ ! " 0 " 2 # * 2 ! # ! # # 2 & ! 2 $ ! ! % 2 $ ! 2 $ $% 2 # $ 0 " " 2 0 ! * # # ! " 2 0 # & # 0 " # ' ) * # ! # 2 0 # / 1 δt " $ $ ! ) ! ' $ 2 $ 1 " ! # ! # ! ! " # ! 2 # ! 2 ! # # $ " $ " 2 ! 0 1 " # " $ ! 2 ! " ! # $% ! # # ! ! * ! ! # 0 2 2 ! # 2 ' ) * " $ & $ 2 0 ! # ! ! " $ ( ( # ! # 0 1 # " ! # " $ $ ! " # # $ ! # " # $ 2 # 2 2 ! " * # 2 $ # # ! # " ' / 1 2 0 2 # $ ) " # # $ # " % ! " " 0 ! $ " $ # 2 " * " ! , - ( ( % 2 $ " # " # " 0 $ 2 ! ! " # ! 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" % " ! # " / . % $ / 1 %% # & % % %# ( & ! # & & %& ! ! % & ! # % % # # & % # % & % % & ### & ! & ! %# & % & % # ' & ! % # & ! ! & & # # & # ' # & ! # # " 2 $ $% 0 " TM " " 2 " ! # ! 2 , $ # 0 # ! 2 $ ( ! 2 $ # 2 # # " " " " ! 2 $ $ ( ! " ' ) " # " ! 0 " " 2 2 $ % ! ! * # 2 $ ( 0 ! " ( 2 $ & " ( ! , % " % # " ! # ! " # ! " " $ # ! $ 2 $ " ! % # " & $ " ! " " $ ( 2 # " % ! # " # 0 " * 2 $ # " , ! # " " # ! # ! # " " ! " " $ # 2 ! & ! %% & , ! $% ! 2 2 " / % % $ & & ' & % & & % ! # ' # ! ! # & " / 2 $ ! 2 # % " ! " # " # 2 ! % 0 % & & % %# & & $& # ( % % ! % # (" " # 2 $ " " 2 ( $ ( ( " ( # " ! # % 0 " $ 0 0 ! $ 2 ! ! ! % # & % & % '$ # # & & '$& & # % # ' & & & ' & & & %& % # ' % & & # & & % # % ! " " " 0 2 $ ! $ " + % # ! $ 2 " " & " # ! ! # 2 # $ 2 $ 2 & " ! " # 2 # $ ! ! " ! # " $ ! # ! ! * 2 $ 2 # ! # # 2 $ $ # ! $ 2 # * ! ! ! $ / %& # $ " % # % $& %# & ! #! % & ! $ & ! ! # ! # " $ # * # # " $ " 2 $ " " ' 0 2 ! 0 2 . ) * ! 2 # # ! % # ' & # ' % # ' & % % # & # ' % & # ( % & & & # # # # # % & & %& % % & & % & '$" ( & # '$ # & % # # # ' % & & # * ! ! ! 2 2 # 2 " 2 $ 2 $ 2 # # " $% 2 ! $ 2 # 2 $ ! " ! " " " ( ! 2 $ ( 2 2 ! 2 ! # 0 " * " # $ 2 $ " ' 2 $ ) ! & " ! ! 2 0 " ! , " " ) ' 2 2 2 $ ! 2 $ " 2 $ ! 2 # .) / ' 2 # " ! ! " ! ! 2 $ ! " # " " ! 2 $ .) ' 2 # # $ / # / ! 2 $ & # % & # # ' & % % % & ' # ' & % ! # & # ( & % & % & % # # ' # $ & & % # " 2 " # " # ! " ! $ 2 $ " 2 $ # " " ! ! # 2 $ " 2 ! ! " # $% 2 2 $ # " $ " ! , 0 # " 2 $ # / $ ! ! # ! " 0 ! # ! $ $ # 2 $ " $ ! ! 0 2 " ! / %& % # ' % # & & ! & % # ' # # ' % & % ! & & & %& # ' ! # $ % ! % & # & & % %# ( & % %& # & % # % ! ! # & % # ' % & %% # % # ! # % " # 2 " ! ! " " # ! 2 " / ! 2 ) ! # ' ) # $% & ' ! 0 2 $ ! # $ ! % % # 0 $ " $ 2 ! & * 2 " % , # , ! " " " % , " % $ 2 $ " ! " # ! " # 0 # " ! 2 2 # " # # " " " " " 0 ! " 0 ! 2 $ ! TM " " % " " " $ " ( $ " ( 2 % # " $ " " ! " # " 2 0 # # & 2 # " / $ # % % & %& % # ' & % # & % & % # ' % % % # ' % # # ! % %# & # % # ' & # % %% % # & & % , % % ! " " 2 0 " ! " $ # # " # " % # # " 2 $ 0 # # * " ! * # ! # ! 2 ! % ! " " ! " 2 $ " 0 & ! " ! ! " 2 * 2 $ # $ " 2 " / % # " % ! # & # ' ' # # ' ! %# $ % # & ! % ! # ' # * ! ! # " # $ ! % ! " ! # # # ! # # " * " # " # 0 ! 2 ! " 2 $ " # 2 2 " " # 2 " ! 2 # , 2 ! ! 2 / 2 %# ' # ' % # ' & & & # ' % # & & # * " % $ 2 ! ! 2 ! # 2 2 " 2 2 $ $ " ! 2 " ! ! 2 ! 2 ! # ! 0 2 $ 2 0 $ " ' # ! & & ! & # ' & & % % %# ' %# ! % # %& # & # # $% 2 $ 2 ! " & ! " # * " " ! # * # # 2 $ " $ " * " 2 , " ! / / # . # ( % & ' % & & ' & ' & ' & ' % & ' % # & % # # & % % # # ' # # ' % # # " $ $% 2 ! ! 2 " " ! ( ( 0 ! # # " 2 ' 2 " 2 ( ( $ 0 0 " ( ( ) ' ) 0 ' ) " * ! # " ! " # 2 2 2 $ * , # " # " $ # $% # # $ , & " " ! " . & %% # & % % ! % ! %& # & * " 2 ! " 2 " " " # " " # 2 # 2 ! &! " $ , " / % # %% # & % " & ! " ! # & % % ! # & % %& # ' # & & & & # $ % % # ' & & % # ! ! % & & % & %& # % ! & ### & % # $ ! # & % & % ! ! # # * " ! * $ " " # " ! ! # $ # 2 " ! " 2 # ! " " 2 " $ # # " " " % $ # - # % # " $ # ! " " $ # $ $ $ " 2 , " % $ " ! " " # $ " $ # " $ 0 ! " 0 ! ! " ) & ! " ! # " 2 $ ! " " ! # * % $ ! " ! " ' " $ " ! $ 2 $ ! $ ! " ! ( ! # ( " % % %# & # & ! % & # " # # 0 # " % # # % # # # ! $ $ 2 $ ! # " # ! % " # " ! 0 " # ! 2 % & # ' ! % " ( ! & ( & ( # ! # # " - * $ ! # # / . # 1 , # % & ' # ) # # # & % & ( & % # . . ! $ TM ) ( . " 0 ! ( # ' , 0 * ! / 1 / / ( & # & ! # & & %# # % %& # ' % # # ' % # % # " $ ! 2 ! $ " " 2 " $ " * " # 0 $ # " " " ! $ " ! ! $ ! " ! # ! # ! ! * 2 ! # " ' & ' # ' % % # % %# ( & & % % & % % % # ! # ( & ! # ' # & % % '$ % # ! & * & & $ 2 , " ! " # " # 2 $ 0 ! 2 $ # ! $ $ # " ! ! # 0 ! # ! " # 0 TM $ ! ! # " # # " ! 2 " ! " ! $ " # # $ # $% ! # ! 2 $ / ( ! # $ % % & ! # % ! ! % # ' & % '$& % & & & ! & % & & # ! & % # % # % % '$# ' & % % ! & # ' ! # & % # & % # & % & & % % # % % & % # $ # ' % '$# ' % # & % " # 2 $ # " # # 2 0 # 2 ! 2 # ! 0 ! 0 ! ' ) $ 0 & 2 ! 2 $ # 2 " ! $ " $ 2 $ 2 * ! & " ! " ! $ $ ! 2 ! " " # * # ! # 2 $ " 2 ! # $ 2 $ # # " ! 2 $ ! # ! " " * # # " $ ! 2 # # $ " " " " " ! ! ! " ! # # # " # 2 ! 2 # 2 $ " ! " 0 ! 0 2 $ # ! ! ! # 2 / $ % & # & % # # & % ! & ! & & %## # & # & # %# % % "# ! ! % # ( # & % % '$ # & % % # $ " " $ # $ ! , ! # ) $ 2 # $ ! " ! 2 2 ! ' ! " ! # 0 , ! 2 $ " * 2 # # 2 # * # " " 0 # ! # ! # 2 $ ! $ " # # # # 2 # $ % # ' & % # # % & & % # ' & # & # # % # ! # 2 $ # * ! # $ ! ! 0 # ! ! ! " # $ # & ! 2 # * $ ! # ! & 0 # % # " " ! ! * " " $ ! 2 % # # / % ' & % ' # $ # ' # ' & & # ( # ( ! & # % & & & ! % % # & & % # % % # % ! # $ # ! " $ " # ! # % " $ 2 $ " " " $ # " ! " * " + ' " # & 0 ! " ' ) ) 2 $ 2 * 2 2 ! 0 0 " ) ' " ! * ! $ ! # # " $ " ' % & # # & % # & % # & # & # %& % # $ # & # ' & % & ! # & % % ! # & 2 # ! ! " $ " ! # ! $ " # ! 2 $% 0 ! # # % ! # # ! # # $ " " ! 2 $ " $ # " " % " " " ! " $ $ ! " ! " ! " # $ ! 2 " , $ " $ # , 2 $ # $% 0 ! / / # & # & & # ( & & & & # ' & # $% " 2 ! " " # 0 " " ! # " ! ! " ! ! ! # ! # " # # # 2 " 0 % & % & # % %& & % # ' %# # & ! & % # " # 2 # * " # # # % # , ! 2 ! # ! $ " 2 " $ & ! # # & & # $ % % % # & ' % %# & ! # % # & & % # % # # & # ' % # ' % # # " " # ! 2 0 2 $ # # ! # ! ! " # # " ! " # # " # " 2 $ " " " 2 $ " " * " " # " 2 # $ ! " " 2 ! # # # 2 " " ! " 2 * # " ! $ # " $ # # # % " " ! " 2 + # " + ' / # & % # ' % % % & # % % # & % % # & % # # % # & %# % % ' ) 0 ! 2 " ! % ! ! ' # 2 % $ " ! ) " # # # * " % # # " # $ " # # * " " ! ! # # # , $ # 0 * ! " $ ! % " ! " " # ! ! " $ ! " # ' & & %# ' ! % & % # & % % & % !" # $ ' % && '() * % $ # +, # - & ./0 & + $ #+ 1 !" ' +2 ( +2 / $ # % !" $ & # ' & # 0 & % - %# - ! & # . & TM %# # # +' ( * $ % , $ # & % % $ & & ! & % ! # % ! ! !" # - - & ! # ' - - *# , !" # ! %# & % ! & - - % * , # +2 ' - # ' - & - % - # " & - # $ $ % # $ & C.M) e & d # *$ #+, D = e .S + ε .E *$ # , T = c .S − e .E %& * , & S ' e D T E # - & c ε & # ij −2 ij i i ik k S ij j k E kl l ik i i k k ik E kl S ij Di = dik .Tk + εTij .Ej $ # Sk = s E kl .Tl − dik .Ei sE kl dik = eij .sE jk & *$ #( , *$ # , *$ # , *$ # , dik .cE kl = eil 11 1 # , * , * # & - d15 = e31 (s11 + s12 ) + e33 .s13 = −4.07.10−12 C.N −1 d31 = −2.65.10−12 C.N −1 d33 = 5.53.10−12 C.N −1 m.V −1 V.m−1 +2 # ' %& & ! # 1 $ ' ! % # +' $ # ' % * , * , # 1 ' % % ) & % !# +) & % . ) % % ) # $ * +' , # & & - - %# ' # $ & ! % $ # & ! * #, 1 ' # ' * $ ! 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