temps Present simple Present continuous Present perfect simple

temps
Forme
positive
Forme
négative
Forme
interrogative
utilisation
Exemple :
Ligne du
temps
explicative
Present simple
I walk
you walk
he/she/it walks
we walk
you walk
they walk
I don’t walk
you don’t walk
he/she/it doesn’t walk
we don’t walk
you don’t walk
they don’t walk
Do I walk?
do you walk?
does he/she/it walk?
do we walk?
do you walk?
do they walk?
Habitude
Present continuous
I am walking
you are walking
he/she/it is walking
we are walking
you are walking
they are walking
I am not walking
you are not walking
he/she/it is not walking
we are not walking
you are not walking
they are not walking
Am I walking?
are you walking?
is he/she/it walking?
are we walking?
are you walking?
are they walking?
Action en progression au
moment où on parle
I walk every Sunday
morning
the dog barks every
morning
Don’t disturb me, I am
working right now
Present perfect simple
I have walked
you have walked
he/she/it has walked
we have walked
you have walked
they have walked
I have not walked
you have not walked
he/she/it has not walked
we have not walked
you have not walked
they have not walked
Have I walked?
have you walked?
has he/she/it walked?
have we walked?
have you walked?
have they walked?
1-Action passée qui vient de se finir
2-action passée qui se prolonge dans le futur
3-action passée ayant un LIEN avec le présent
1.I have finally finished my work
2.it’s 2 P.M. and I have worked at the office the entire day and I
am not done yet
consequence->present
3. There has been a car crash SO there are many traffic jam
Present perfect continuous
I have been walking
you have been walking
he/she/it has been walking
we have been walking
you have been walking
they have been walking
I haven't been walking
you haven't been walking
he/she/it hasn't been walking
we haven't been walking
you haven't been walking
they haven't been walking
Have I been walking?
Have you been walking?
Has he/she/it been walking?
Have we been walking?
Have you been walking?
Have they been walking?
Idem que present perfect simple
MAIS surtout utilisé pour des
actions longues et non finies
I have been living here for 50
years
I have been working on it all my
life
Temps
Forme
affirmative
Forme
negative
Forme
interrogative
Utilisation
Exemple
Ligne du
temps
explicative
Past simple
I walked
you walked
He/she/it walked
we walked
you walked
they walked
I didn’t walk
you didn’t walk
he/she/it didn’t walk
we didn’t walk
you didn’t walk
they didn’t walk
Did I walk?
did you walk
did he/she/it walk?
did we walk?
did you walk?
did they walk?
Action passée, clôturée,
n’ayant aucun lien avec le
présent
There was a car crash
Past continuous
I was walking
You were walking
He/she/it was walking
We were walking
You were walking
They were walking
I wasn't walking
You weren't walking
He/she/it wasn't walking
We weren't walking
You weren't walking
They weren't walking
Was I walking?
Were you walking?
Was he/she/it walking?
Were we walking?
Were you walking?
Were they walking?
1.Action passée à un moment précis
2.Action en progression lorsqu'un autre courte la coupe
Past perfect simple
I had walked
You had walked
He/she/it had walked
We had walked
You had walked
They had walked
I hadn't walked
You hadn't walked
He/she/it hadn't walked
We hadn't walked
You hadn't walked
They hadn't walked
Had I walked?
Had you walked?
Had he/she/it walked?
Had we walked?
Had you walked?
Had they walked?
Action passée antérieur à
une autre action passée
Past perfect continuous
I had been walking
You had been walking
He/she/it had been walking
We had been walking
You had been walking
They had been walking
I hadn't been walking
You hadn't been walking
He/she/it hadn't been walking
We hadn't been walking
You hadn't been walking
They hadn't been walking
Had I been walking?
Had you been walking?
Had he/she/it been walking?
Had we been walking?
Had you been walking?
Had they been walking?
Idem que past pefect continuous MAIS
on accentue la temporalité
1.what were you doing at 4 O'clock?-I was playing
tennis
2.I was reading when the phone rang
I saw him yesterday. He told
me that he had succeeded in
his studies
Had you been walking all night when I
woke up?
Temps
Forme
affirmative
Forme
negative
Forme
interrogative
Utilization
Exemples
Ligne du
temps
explicative
Future simple
I will walk
You will walk
He/She/it will walk
We will walk
You will walk
They will walk
I won't walk
You won't walk
He/She/it won't walk
We won't walk
You won't walk
They won't walk
Will I walk?
Will you walk?
Will he/she/it walk?
Will we walk?
Will you walk?
Will they walk?
1.Will: decision prise au moment
même, non plannifiée
2.Will peut etre remplacée par "To
be going to": action planifiée
Future continuous
I will be walking
You will be walking
He/she/it will be walking
We will be walking
You will be walking
They will be walking
I won't be walking
You won't be walking
He/she/it won't be walking
We won't be walking
You won't be walking
They won't be walking
Will I be walking?
Will you be walking?
Will he/she/it be walking?
Will we be walking?
Will you be walking?
Will they be walking?
Sert à exprimer qu'une action
sera en train de se passer à un
moment donné
1.I will open the window
2.I am going to go to Belgium next
year
I will be finishing it when you
come back
Future perfect simple
I will have walked
You will have walked
He/She/it will have walked
We will have walked
You will have walked
They will have walked
I won't have walked
You won't have walked
He/She/it won't have walked
We won't have walked
You won't have walked
They won't have walked
Will I have walked?
Will you have walked?
Will he/she/it have walked?
Will we have walked?
Will you have walked?
Will they have walked?
1.Action qui se finira dans le future à un point
de référence donné
2.will peut être remplacé par "to be going to"
pour insister sur l'aspect de planification mais
rare (forme verbale lourde)
Will you have left by the time they come back?
Future perfect continuous
I will have been walking
You will have been walking
He/she/it will have been walking
We will have been walking
You will have been walking
They will have been walking
I won't have been walking
You won't have been walking
He/she/it won't have been walking
We won't have been walking
You won't have been walking
They won't have been walking
Will I have been walking?
Will you have been walking?
Will he/she/it have been walking?
Will we have been walking?
Will you have been walking?
Will they have been walking?
1.Idem que futur perfect simple MAIS la
durée est accentuée
1.Will peut être remplacé par "to be
going to" (idem que futur perfect
simple)
Next year I will have been teaching for
40 years.
Temps
Forme
affirmative
Forme
negative
Forme
interrogative
utilisation
Exemple
Ligne du
temps
explicative
Conditionnel simple
I would walk
You would walk
He/she/it would walk
We would walk
You would walk
They would walk
I wouldn't walk
You wouldn't walk
He/she/it wouldn't walk
We wouldn't walk
You wouldn't walk
They wouldn't walk
Would I walk?
Would you walk?
Would he/she/it walk?
Would we walk?
Would you walk?
Would they walk?
Actions incertaines demandant une
condition
I would go if you came with me
Conditionnel continu
I would be walking
You would be walking
He/She/it would be walking
We would be walking
You would be walking
They would be walking
I wouldn't be walking
You wouldn't be walking
He/she/it wouldn't be walking
We wouldn't be walking
You wouldn't be walking
They wouldn't be walking
Would I be walking?
Would you be walking?
Would he/she/it be walking?
Would we be walking?
Would you be walking?
Would they be walking?
Idem que temps simple MAIS on insiste
sur la temporalité de l'action
I would be walking (right now) if I was
free
Conditionnel parfait simple
I would have walked
You would have walked
He/She/it would have walked
We would have walked
You would have walked
They would have walked
I wouldn't have walked
You wouldn't have walked
He/She/it wouldn't have walked
We wouldn't have walked
You wouldn't have walked
They wouldn't have walked
Would I have walked?
Would you have walked?
Would he/She/it have walked?
Would we have walked?
Would you have walked?
Would they have walked?
Action qui aurait pu se produire
mais ne s'est pas produit
I would have come if I had known
Conditionnel parfait continu
I would have been walking
You would have been walking
He/She/it would have been walking
We would have been walking
You would have been walking
They would have been walking
I wouldn't have been walking
You wouldn't have been walking
He/She/it wouldn't have been walking
We wouldn't have been walking
You wouldn't have been walking
They wouldn't have been walking
Would I have been walking?
Would you have been walking?
Would he/She/it have been walking?
Would we have been walking?
Would you have been walking?
Would they have been walking?
Idem que parfait simple MAIS en
insistant sur la durée
I would have been walking the whole
day if I had had the opportunity
Note par rapport aux temps: ATTENTION AUX TEMPS PRIMITIFS (ou IRREGULIERS). Ceux-ci ont une conjuguaison particulière à apprendre par cœur (comme
en néerlandais). Mais Si le verbe est régulier, la terminaison sera TOUJOURS "ED" (mais attention à la prononciation, qui peut changer)
Quand placer "DO"?
Dans les phrases interrogatives et negatives, SAUF quand le verbe est un modal
Sont modaux les verbes suivants: SHOULD, WOULD, COULD, CAN, WILL, SHALL + BE (ex: pour la formation des temps continus + le passif), HAVE (pour la
formation des temps parfaits).
Exemples:
-
You SHOULDN'T come
He WOULDN'T agree
She COULDN'T do it
They CANNOT do that (note: cannot = can not = can't)
We WON'T walk with you (note: won't = will not)
We AREN'T happy
ARE you GOING with us? (present CONTINU)
I WASN'T stolen (passif)
HAVE you already been there? (present PARFAIT)
I HAVEN'T been there yet (present PARFAIT)
Notez: pour TOUS les verbs, une forme contractée et une forme non-contractée existe. les 2 sont correctes. Les contractées sont le plus souvent
utilisées, mais les non-contractées sont obligatoires dans les documents écrits officiels (lettre à son directeur par ex)
Pour tous les autres verbs (ces verbs, qui ne sont pas modaux, sont dits "lexicaux"), on utilisera "DO" pour les phrases negatives et interrogatives
-
I DON'T want to come
I DON'T need you
You DON'T love him
DO you often run?
He DOESN'T like to come (note: "he", "she" et "it", étant tous 3eme personne du SG, demandent une conjuguaison du verbe (conjuguaison que
prend ici le "DO"). Vu que DO termine par "O", on rajoute "ES" comme la règle le veut