(Nigella Sativa L.) par pressag

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Je dédie ce travail : A mes chers parents. A ma très chère fille Safia qui a suivi mon travail avec
attention, curiosité et patience et m’a accordé de son temps.µ A ma très chère nièce Hanane. A
toute la famille HADJADJ. A tous ceux que j’aime.
T
KF#$.$"(#$)!&:0"&F(-(.;#-0"&$!N*%0!W(!#&*0&#(%T&:X0T#-(3#$)!&:0&*X4%$*0&:0"&,-($!0"&:0&!$,0**0
]'$,0**(&S(#$D(&CI_&F(-&F-0""(,0
=0.0-3$0.0!#"
Je remercie Dieu le tout puissant de m’avoir donné la volonté, le courage et la patience pour réaliser
ce travail.
Je tiens à exprimer mes sincères gratitudes à tous ceux qui ont contribué de près ou de loin
à la réalisation de ce travail.
Mes remerciements vont à :
Mr. ASSAMI M.K., Maître de conférences à l’INA,de m’avoir fait l’honneur de présider ce
jury.
Mr. FERRADJI A., Maître de conférences à l’INA, pour avoir accepté d’encadrer ce travail
et m’avoir dirigée, conseillée, et encouragée, ainsi que pour sa bonne volonté, sa patience et ses
précieux conseils, qu’il m’a prodigué tout au long de ce travail.
Mr. YOUYOU A., Professeur à l’INA, d’avoir bien voulu examiner ce travail et être membre
du jury.
Mlle. ZERMANE N., Maître de conférences à l’INA pour avoir bien voulu examiner ce travail
et de m’avoir toujours encouragée.
Je tiens à remercier également Nabil pour son dévouement, ses orientations et ses
encouragements, tout au long de ce travail.
Je remercie également, Mr. ZIKI et nacera du département Zootechnie, Fazou du
département Foresterie et Dalila et Fatima du département botanique pour leur aide.
Je ne saurai jamais remercier assez l’équipe de la D.E. et l’équipe compétente et formidable du
département documentation pour leur coopération et encouragements durant tout le travail, qu’il
me soit permis de leur exprimer ma profonde reconnaissance.
Mes remerciements vont également à tous mes enseignants et tous le personnel du département
technologie alimentaire.
Je souhaite exprimer ma gratitude à tous mes amis (es) qui m’ont aidée par leur présence et
leur amitié particulièrement Mourad.
U
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L’optimisation du taux d’extraction de l’huile de la graine de nigelle (Nigella Sativa L.)
par pressage hydraulique est influencée par la granulométrie la pression et la température.
Le taux d’extraction des graines entières est très faible, un broyage des graines est nécessaire
pour faciliter l’extraction. Ce taux augmente avec l’élévation de la température et la pression,
Le meilleur rendement (66%) et obtenu pour une granulométrie inférieure à 1mm, une
température de 50°C et une pression de 120 bars. Les analyses de l’huile de graine de Nigelle par
(HPLC et CPG) ont révélé respectivement la présence des quatre tocophérols : #,#,#,et # avec la
dominance de ce dernier ainsi que la richesse de cette huile en acide gras essentiel (C18 :2 # 6).
Mots clés : Huile, graine de nigelle, extraction, pressage hydraulique, optimisation,
granulométrie, pression, température.
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The optimization of the rate of extraction of the nigella seeds (Nigella Sativa L.) oil by hydraulic
pressing is influenced by the granulometry the pressure and temperature. The rate of extraction of
the whole seeds is very weak, a crushing of seeds is necessary to facilitate the extraction. This rate
augments with the rise of the temperature and the pressure, the best output (66 %) is obtained for a
granulometry lower than 1mm, a temperature of 50°C and a pressure of 120 bars. The analyses of
the black seed’s oil by (HPLC and CPG) revealed respectively the presence of four tocophérols:
#, #, #, and # with the dominance of this last as well as the richness of this oil in essential fatty
acid (C18:2 # 6).
Key words: Oil, nigella seeds, extraction, hydraulic pressing, optimization, granulometry,
pressure, temperature.
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La graine de nigelle (Nigella sativa L.) connue depuis l’Antiquité fut cultivée par les Egyptiens, les
Arabes, et les Indiens. Elle a été introduite par la suite dans plusieurs pays d’Europe et d’Afrique.
Les graines de nigelle produites à l’échelle mondiale principalement par l’Inde et le Pakistan
constituent une source importante d’huile végétale utilisée dans le domaine pharmaceutique et
médicinal.
Le Prophète Mohamed (QSSL) a incité les croyants à son utilisation en insistant sur les
bienfaits de cette graine en tant que traitement médicinal ‘’contre tous les maux’’, ce qui a constitué
une tradition pour le monde musulman en se référant à cette graine et à son huile pour guérir un bon
nombre de maladies, de blessures, de brûlures et pour pallier à certains problèmes d’allaitement
et d’anémie.
Les vertus médicinales de la Nigella sativa L. ont fait l’objet de plusieurs travaux de recherche,
principalement pharmacologiques, qui ont effectivement prouvé scientifiquement une bonne partie
de ces propriétés curatives (Attia, 2003 ; Ramadan et Morsel, 2004 ; Cheikh Rouhou, 2006 ;
Benkaci, 2007).
La culture de la nigelle est peu développée en Algérie, elle est cultivée uniquement à l’échelle
traditionnelle principalement dans les régions de Ouargla, Biskra, Timimoun, Adrar, et Skikda. La
production nationale des graines oléagineuses est très insuffisante. Les besoins de consommation
sont couverts par les importions, a titre d'exemple en 2007 l'Algérie a importé plus de 1700 tonnes
de graines oléagineuses dont la nigelle.
L’objectif de notre travail de recherche porte sur une contribution à l’étude de l’optimisation
du taux d’extraction d’huile de graines de nigelle cultivée en Algérie par pressage et à l’analyse
physico-chimique de cette huile.
Notre étude est constituée de trois parties. La première partie comporte les travaux antérieurs
réalisés par plusieurs chercheurs sur les méthodes d’extraction et la qualité nutritionnelle d’huile de
nigelle. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la description de la presse hydraulique de laboratoire, à
la méthode d’optimisation d’extraction d’huile et à l’analyse physico-chimique de l’huile obtenue.
La dernière partie présente les résultats et discussion de notre étude.
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