Chapter 7 Section 2 – The Spanish-American War

Chapter 7 Section 2 – The Spanish-American War
(p. 268-275)
MAIN IDEAS
The Coming of War
(p. 268)
Cuba
(p. 268-269)
NOTES
 Last Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere (1898) = Cuba and Puerto Rico
 Cuba had tried to revolt against Spain several times
 See “Primary Source – Causes of the Spanish-American War” on p. 269
1.) Cuba was a _______________________________________________________________________________
 Sugarcane plantations

Mid-1800s = produced 1/3 of world’s sugar

1/3 of Cuba was slaves until 1886

1886 = Spain abolished slavery

2nd to last country in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery (Brazil was the last)
2.) 1868-1878 =_______________________________________________________________________________
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

1880s = exiles planned an invasion of Cuba
 Early 1890s = US and Cuba linked economically

Cuba exported sugar to US

US invested $50 million in plantations, mines, and railroads

US placed a tariff on sugar that hurt Cuba’s economy
4.) Feb. 1895 = Marti __________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

Jose Marti died in the fighting
5.) Sept. 1895 = Set up the ______________________________________________________________________
America Reacts
(p. 269-270)
1.) USA was _________________________________________________________________________________

President Cleveland made the statement that the USA would stay neutral
2.) Americans were ___________________________________________________________________________
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

exaggerated, sensationalist reporting to attract readers

Wrote stories about Spanish atrocities
a.) New York Journal = ________________________________________________________________

Spanish fed Cuban prisoners to sharks and dogs
b.) New York World = _________________________________________________________________

Cuba is a place with “blood on the roadsides, blood in the fields, blood on the doorsteps, blood,
blood, blood!”
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Chapter 7 Section 2 – The Spanish-American War
(p. 268-275)
Spain Reacts
(p. 269-270)
1.) __________________________________________________________________________________ to Cuba
a.) _____________________________________________________________ = appointed as governor

El Carnicero = The Butcher
2.) Cuban rebels ______________________________________________________________________________
a.) Hoped ___________________________________________________________________________

Hit-and-run raids destroyed plantations, sugar mills, tore up RR tracks, and attacked supply depots
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
Calls for War
Against Spain
(p. 270-271)
a.) used to ___________________________________________________________________________

General Weyler sent villagers to concentration camps

Hundreds of thousands men, women, and children died of starvation and disease

News reports of these camps angered Americans
 1897 = William McKinley becomes president

Did not want to intervene in the war

Did not want to lose lives or hurt the economy
1.) Sept. 1897 = US asked Spain if the they could help ________________________________________________
in Cuba

Warned that if the war did not end soon, the USA would become involved
a.) Spain ____________________________________________________________________________
b.) Spain offered ___________________________ to Cuba if they remained part of the Spanish empire
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
3.) Jan. 1898 = ________________________________________________ in Havana, Cuba_________________

Spanish loyalists were upset by the concessions that were offered by Spain to Cuban rebels
a.) __________________________________ was sent to _____________________________________
4.) Feb. 9, 1898 = New York Journal printed a Spanish letter that _______________________________________

written by the Spanish ambassador

It said President McKinley was “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd”

Americans were upset at the insult to the president
5.) Feb. 15, 1898 = __________________________________________________ exploded in the Havana Harbor
a.) Americans believed that the __________________________________________________________

“Remember the Maine”
6.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

jingoism = aggressive nationalism

Congress authorized $50 million for war and McKinley was pressured to declare war

April 11, 1898 = the president asked Congress to declare war
7.) April 19, 1898 = US Congress proclaimed _______________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) Gave the president _________________________________________________________________
8.) April 24, 1898 = _________________________________________________________________ on the USA
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Chapter 7 Section 2 – The Spanish-American War
(p. 268-275)
A War on Two Fronts
(p. 271)
The Battle of Manila Bay
Philippines
(p. 271-272)
 Philippines were a Spanish colony
1.) US wanted to prevent the ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.) May 1, 1898 = Commodore _____________________________________ takes control of ________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

They entered at midnight

At dawn, 4 US ships destroyed all 8 of the Spanish ships

US was surprised by Dewey’s quick victory
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Troop were sent from San Francisco
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

Guam was a Spanish possession in the Pacific Ocean
4.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Filipino rebel who had tried to stage an unsuccessful uprising against the Spanish in 1896

Joined with US troops after Dewey contacted him
a.) Helped ___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Manila = Philippine capital
American Forces in
Cuba
(p. 272)
 Spanish troops weren’t prepared to fight in Cuba

Tropical diseases

Weakened from months of fighting rebels

Old warships

Poorly trained crews

Needed to keep their fleet strong to supply troops from Spain to Cuba
 US troops were not prepared either

Poor resources to train and equip volunteers

Unsanitary conditions in training camps

More US soldiers died from epidemics than in battle with the Spanish
 US navy’s North Atlantic Squadron blockaded Cuba
1.) June 14, 1898 = 17,000 US troops land _________________________________________________________

Spain had shore-based guns that protected their fleet at Santiago
a.) to _______________________________________________________________________________
b.) force __________________________________________________________________________ to
do battle
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Chapter 7 Section 2 – The Spanish-American War
(p. 268-275)
2.) ______________________________________________________ advance towards _____________________

Western US volunteer cavalry unit made up of cowboys, minders and law officers

Led by Colonel Leonard Wood

Theodore Roosevelt was second in command
3.) July 1 = __________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

El Caney - a village northeast of Santiago
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________

All-black 8th and 10th Cavalry Regiments helped the Rough Riders at Kettle Hill
o 1/4th of troops fighting in Cuba were African America
o 4 received the Medal of Honor for their bravery
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________

The Rough Riders took Kettle Hill and then helped to take San Juan Hill
4.) Spanish fleet ______________________________________________________________________________
a.) July 3 = US ships __________________________________________________________________

All Spanish ships were sunk or beached
5.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Two weeks after Spanish fleet was destroyed
6.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
 See “The Spanish-American War” on p. 270-271
An American Empire
(p. 273)
Debate Over the
Annexation of the
Philippines
(p. 273-274)
 Cuba would became independent as promised
 US would annex Guam and Puerto Rico
 Philippines = should the US make it independent or take it over?

Democracy or imperialism?
 See “Debates in History” on p. 272-273
 See “Political Cartoons” on p. 274
1.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
o Stopover for trading ships going to China
o Market for US goods
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________
o Help “less civilized people”
o “Surely this Spanish war has not been to grab for empire but a heroic effort [to] free the
oppressed and to teach the millions of ignorant, debased human beings thus freed how to
live.” – New England minister
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Chapter 7 Section 2 – The Spanish-American War
(p. 268-275)
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
o Cost of an empire outweighed economic benefits
o Andrew Carnegie
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
o Imperialism violated American principles
o Jane Addams and Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________
o American wages would be driven down by cheap Filipino labor
o Samuel Gompers

William Jennings Bryan = See p. 273 “Debates in History”
3.) President _________________________________________________________________________________

see “Primary Source” quote on p. 274

“And one night late it came to me this way . . . (1)that we could not give them back to Spain – that
would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn them over to France or Germany . .
. that we would be bad for business and discreditable; (3) that we could not leave them to
themselves – they were unfit for self-government . . . and (4) that t here was nothing left for us to do
but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them.” –
President McKinley in A Diplomatic History of the American People
4.) ______________________________________________________________ = Dec. 10, 1898 = US and Spain
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________
c.) _________________________________________________________________________________
 Feb. 1899 = Senate ratified the treaty
The USA & Cuba
(p. 274-275)
 Cuba was independent and made a new constitution
 US wanted to make sure that Cuba had close ties with them
1.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________

Submitted by Senator Orville Platt

Conditions added to the Cuban constitution by the US
a.) Cuba could not make ________________________________________________________________
b.) Cuba had to _______________________________________________________________________
c.) Cuba had to keep __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
d.) _________________________________________________________________________________
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 7 Section 2 – The Spanish-American War
(p. 268-275)
US Territory
Puerto Rico
(p. 275)
1.) ____________________________________________ (1900) = set up a ______________________________
for Puerto Rico
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________
b.) _______________________________________________________________ and executive council
b1.) ________________________________________________________________________
o US president had final authority
2.) US Supreme Court ruled that _________________________________________________________________

Puerto Ricans did not have constitutional rights of citizens
3.) 1917 = Puerto Ricans granted ________________________________________________________________
4.) 1947 = Puerto Ricans _______________________________________________________________________
 Today = debate over state, independent country, or continue as self-governing commonwealth of the USA
US Territory
The Philippines
(p. 275)
1.) ______________________________________________________________________________ (1899-1902)
 Also called the Philippine Insurrection
2.) Emilio Aguinaldo led _______________________________________________________________________

50,000-200,000 Filipinos died
 126,000 US soldiers were sent to fight the rebels

4,300 US soldiers died from combat or disease
3.) US ______________________________________________________________________________________
a.) _________________________________________________________________________________

Thousands of civilians died of disease and starvation
4.) ______________________________________________________________ – first US __________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Tried to win over the Filipinos by making improvements
a.) Improved _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
b.) Helped to _________________________________________________________________________
c.) Reforms helped ____________________________________________________________________
5.) March 1901 – _____________________________________________________________________________
6.) July 4, 1902 = US __________________________________________________________________________
7.) Mid-1930s = US ___________________________________________________________________________

They were allowed to elect their own congress and president
8.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
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