docMap 31 Cirta - Princeton University Press
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Map 31 Cirta - Princeton University Press
Map 31 Cirta Compiled by E.W.B. Fentress, 1994 Introduction Map 31 Cirta Map 34 Numidia Gsell’s AAA, an extraordinary research tool, covers the whole of the tell and the pre-desert. Compiled in the first decade of the twentieth century, it draws upon all the available reports from local archaeologists, as well as upon the labors of the Brigades Topographiques, who marked ancient sites and features on the 1:50,000 maps. Clearly, some areas were better served than others. The large French community at Constantine (ancient Cirta), for example, supported its own archaeological society and journal, so it is not by chance that the surrounding area is very well known. The visible difference, however, between settlement in the more mountainous areas and that on the high plains to the south is a genuine reflection of ancient conditions. In areas such as the upper valley of the Oued Soummam (ancient Sava/Nasabath fl.), numerous sites are marked, but almost all of them are tumuli. Directory references are almost exclusively to AAA, which regularly gives all the known classical references to a toponym. Major sites are also covered by other works, notably Gsell (1901). Another important source for Roman occupation in the area around Sitifis is Février (1967). The number of sites known in the area covered by the two maps is much larger than those that have been marked. The latter include sites with an area exceeding one hectare, together with any of special significance; consequently, all small farms are omitted. The many unnamed settlements may be reckoned to date to the Roman and Late Roman periods. Unnamed forts are in most cases Late Roman; tumuli are probably all pre-Roman. Sites marked as tumuli may be cemeteries as well. The dating of the great Numidian cemeteries is never certain, and probably extends over several centuries. The roads have been studied in detail, first by Gsell himself, then by Salama, whose work (1951; 1980) has been invaluable in preparing the maps. Roads shown are based on the work of both these scholars, with some modifications of my own. Desanges (1962), with the adjustments found in his edition of Pliny (1980), is followed for the placement of tribal names. The Late Roman topography of North Africa, which derives mainly from Christian sources, has been the subject of two essential studies, one by Desanges and Lancel (Desanges 1983), the other by Lancel (1991). X. Dupuis and P. Salama have offered advice on the more dubious attributions. In spite of the rich epigraphic record, our inability to match toponyms with sites remains acute. For over 90 sites we can make a reasonably confident attempt. Yet 80 other toponyms attested in such sources as Augustine and TabPeut cannot be identified on the ground, while more than 20 settlement sites (villages or larger) remain anonymous. Directory All place names are in Algeria Abbreviations AAA Augustine, Epistulae 1*CSEL ILAlg S. Gsell, Atlas archéologique de l'Algérie, Paris and Algiers, 1911 S. Lancel (ed.), Augustin: Lettres 1*-29*, Etudes Augustiniennes, Paris, 1987 Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum S. Gsell (ed.), Inscriptions latines de l'Algérie, 2 vols., Paris and Algiers, 1922, 1957 484 MAP 31 CIRTA Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference D4 G4 C4 C2 F4 F4 F4 E3 G4 Ad Portum? Ad Rubras? Ad Sava Municipium Africum Mare Ain bou Merzoug Ain Smara Alpes Numidicae Am(p)saga fl. Aquae Thibilitanae RL RL RL Zebacha Henchir Ain Kerna Hammam du Guergour ACH RL monument and cemetery HRL RL Oued el Kebir Hammam Meskoutine D3 F3 H3 F4 Assarath? fl. *Astora? Asuccuris? Azimacia R HRL RL R Oued Nil Stora Ascours Le Hamma Hakkert, Lex. 2 Ad Portum 2 AAA 18.173 AAA 16.6; EncBerb 21 Hammam Guergour See Map 1 Camps 1961, 581 AAA 17.275 CIL 8.22210 AAA 8.5; EncBerb 4 AAA 9.144; EncBerb 22 Hammam Meskoutine AAA 8.1 AAA 8.194 AAA 9.81 AAA 17.128 H4 F4 Bagrada fl. Bou Nouara ACH G4 E4 F4 E4 Calama Caput Amsagae Caput Amsagae Caput Saltus Horreorum Pardalarii = Castellum Aurelianense Antoninianense Castellum Arsacalitanum Castellum Aurelianense Antoninianense/ Caput Saltus Horreorum Pardalarii *Castellum Caldis C4 E4 F4 C4 E4 E4 C4 F4 C4 B4 C4 E4 F3 C3 E4 E3 C3 F2 ALG / TUN See Map 32 Camps 1961, 581; EncBerb 10 HRL R R Guelma Azziz ben Tellis Sila AAA 9.146; EncBerb 11 AE 1913.225; EncBerb 4 Ampsaga ILAlg 2.6865; EncBerb 4 Ampsaga RL RL el Goulia Ain Zada AAA 17.111; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 16.319; Février 1966, 220, 223; EncBerb 12 Castellum RL Mechta Nahar Castellum Dianense RL Gellal, Sidi Messaoud el Hamdi Castellum Elefantum Castellum Fabatianum? Castellum Gurolense Castellum Mastarense *Castellum Medianum Matidium Alexandrianum Tilirvense? = Vicus Augusti Castellum Ro(...) = Civitas Nattabutum Castellum Subzuaritanum Castellum Thib(...) RL RL RL RL Rouffach Ksar Mahidjiba Bir el Khreba? Beni Ziad AAA 8.173; ILAlg 2.3445; EncBerb 12 Castellum CIL 8.8701; AAA 16.368; Février 1966, 220, 223; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 17.93; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 17.172; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 16.331; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 17.94; EncBerb 12 Castellum RL RL Ain Sadjar Ain Melloul *Castellum Turrense § Kastellum Matidiae Castellum Vartan(...) RL el Mehiriss RL Koudia Adjela Castellum Zugal Celtianis § Castellum Celtianum Centenarium Aqua Frigida Chettaba Chitouai Choba Chullu RL RL Ghoumeriane el Meraba L HR R HRL HRL Tala K'frida sacred caves valley of Oued el Kebir Ziama Collo AAA 17.271; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 16.371; Février 1967, 66; Soyer 1976, 142; EncBerb 12 Castellum ILS 9382; AAA 15.82; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 16.359; Février 1967, 66; EncBerb 12 Castellum AE 1930.55; EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 8.91 EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 7.61 Alquier 1929, 132; EncBerb 12 Desanges 1962, 56 AAA 7.68; EncBerb 13 AAA 8.29; EncBerb 13 Collo MAP 31 CIRTA 485 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference F4 HRL/ L RL Constantine Aziz ben Tellis AAA 17.126; PECS; Berthier 1980; EncBerb 13 AAA 17.214; Lancel 1991, 1397 RL Oum Krékèche AAA 18.135; Lancel 1991, 1451-52 D4 Cirta/ Constantina Civitas Gentis Suburburum/ Idicra? Civitas Nattabutum/ Castellum Ro(...) § Rotaria Constantina = Cirta Cuicul RL Djemila G3 Culucitanis? HRL Sidi bou Mérouane AAA 16.233; Allais 1971; PECS; EncBerb 16 AAA 2.2 G3 G3 Djebel Felfela Djebel Taya HR HR monument and mine AAA 9.3 Alquier 1929, 129-40 E4 *Emadaucapensis? RL Ain Kerma AAA 17.384 A3 A3 D4 Feratenses Fer(r)atus M. Fines Africae et Mauretaniae? = Tucca? Fons Camerata? RL F4 Fundus Seneci(...) G4 E4 G4 L See Map 30 See Map 30 AAA 17.10 R Hammam des Beni Guecha Chettaba? HRL Ksar Sbehi AAA 18.159, 179 E4 B3 G2 G3 D3 Gadiaufala § Gazophyla Garbe? *Gebalusii Giddaba? M. Giddibenses? Goulos? fl. RL R?L L L R Ain Tamda S Muslubium Chetaibi area Chetaibi area Oued Jinejène AAA 17.44 Desanges 1962, 53; EncBerb 20 Gedalusii EncBerb 20 EncBerb 20 Giddaba AAA 7.79 H3 H3 Hippo? Akra Hippo Regius HRL HRL Cap de Garde Annaba, formerly Bône F4 C4 el Hofra Horrea H RL Cirta suburb Ain Roua AAA 9.9 AAA 9.59; Desanges 1980, 201-203; EncBerb 5 Annaba Künzl 1979; EncBerb 13 Cirta, 1969 AAA 16.78 D3 Idicra? = Civitas Gentis Suburburum Igilgili HRL Jijel AAA 7.77 G3 Jemmapes RL walled settlement AAA 9.38 D4 D4 el Ksar Koidamousioi RL R Oued bou Salah AAA 16.168; Salama 1980, 106 Desanges 1962, 57 C4 D3 E3 RL R R Tirermine Oulemouta Babors E Am(p)saga fl. AAA 16.3 Desanges 1962, 59 Desanges 1962, 60 B3 B4 D4 F2 E4 D4 C3 C4 Lesbi? Machoures Marchubi § Malchoubi Masinissenses Mauretania Med(iana?) Metagonium Pr. Milev Mopth(i?) Muslubium Musoni L HRL RL R RL RL HRL RL near Petra Desanges 1962, 61 RE AAA 16.418; Lancel 1991, 1420 AAA 1 AAA 17.59; ItMiller 937 Galand 1949 AAA 7.57 Desanges 1962, 65; 1980, 340-41 H4 Nador AC Oued Arair Cap Bougaroun Mila Mons Sidi Rehane S Sitifis AAA 17.120; Bertrandy 1991 Camps 1961, 577 486 MAP 31 CIRTA Grid Name F4 H4 D4 B4 E4 D3 E4 Nasabath fl. = Sava fl. Nicives Niniba Novar(icia?) Numidae Numidia Numidicus Sinus Numituriana?/ Saltus Caeliae Maximae E4 Oued Athmenia RL E3 RL Merdja AAA 8.5 RL RL L H?R RL Mechta Djillaoua Mechta el Hadjar M'lakou Oued Sahel Ain Fua C4 Paccianis Matidiae?/ Tucca? Pagus Thigillava Paratianis Petra Phoimios fl. *Phua § Cast. Phuensium Praedia Iulii R el Anassar AAA 16.269 AAA 9.4 AAA 6.1 AAA 7.12 AAA 17.162 EncBerb 12 Castellum AAA 18.23 A3 Quinquegentiani G3 F3 Roknia Rusicade/ Thapsus Rusazus? AC RL/ H HRL *Saddar § Respublica Saddaritanorum Salassi(i) Saldae Saltus Bagatensis Saltus Caeliae Maximae = Numituriana? Saltus Poctanensis P(h)osphorianus Sapadenses Satafis Sava fl./ Nasabath fl. *Sertei Sigus § Castellum Siguitanorum *Sila § Respublica Silensium D4 G3 B3 A4 E4 A3 F4 E3 C3 F4 G4 C4 D4 B3 B4 F4 F4 Period Modern Name / Location Reference RL RL RL R HRL near Tigisis / Hodna Haniniba Beni Fouda Thubursicum Numidarum RL Ain Tine Desanges 1962, 124 AAA 9.214 AAA 16.216 Desanges 1962, 128 RE AAA 8.24 AAA 17.66 AAA 16.262 See Map 30 Ras Skikda Camps 1961, 577 AAA 8.196 Azeffoun AAA 6.70-71; Desanges 1980, 172-73 RL Ain el Bey AAA 17.276 R HRL RL el Ma el Abiod Béjaia el Aria Desanges 1962, 68 AAA 7.12 AAA 17.158 RL Bordj Sabath AE 1972, 221 (no. 697); Desanges 1989 RL RL R/ R RL HRL Ain Timeridjine Ain Kébira Oued bou Sellam / Oued Summam Kherbet Guidra Sigus AAA 16.121 AAA 16.177 AAA 7.12.19; 16.6 HRL Bordj el Ksar AAA 17.333 AAA 16.34 AAA 17.335; ILAlg 2.4372, 6486 C4 Sitifis RL Sétif F4 D4 D4 F4 H2 es-Soumaa Subtabarti Suburbures Suburbures Regiani Sulluctu? H RL R R HRL el Khroub Sidi bou Zeid AAA 16.364; Février 1965; 1970; Mohamedi 1991 Rakob 1979, 158 AAA 16.422 Desanges 1962, 135-36 Desanges 1962, 136 AAA 2.8 G2 G4 Tacatua Thabarbusis Thapsus = Rusicade Thapsus fl. Thenebreste? HRL RL Takouch Henchir bou Nahr AAA 2.5 AAA 9.150; AE 1960, 62 (no. 214) R RL Oued Safsaf Henchir Hadjar Allah AAA 8.194 AAA 18.170 F3 G4 MAP 31 CIRTA 487 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference G4 H4 E4 Thibilis Thubursicum Numidarum *Tiddis § Castellum Tidditanorum Tigisis Tipasa Todoukai Tubusuctu § Tubusuptu § Tupusuctu Tucca?/ Fines Africae et Mauretaniae? Tucca? = Paccianis Matidiae? Tyndenses RL HRL HRL Announa Khamissa Kheneg AAA 18.107 AAA 18.297 AAA 17.89; PECS RL HRL R HRL Ain el Bordj Tifech near Cuicul Tiklat AAA 17.340; Pringle 1981, 246-48 AAA 18.391 Desanges 1962, 69-70 AAA 7.27; Desanges 1980, 179-80; Laporte 1982 RL Henchir el Abiod AAA 8.71-72 L near Tubusuctu Desanges 1962, 71 L L RL S Igilgili See Map 32 Desanges 1962, 71 Oudjel AAA 17.386 RL Mechta Skaif Morizot 1986; 1987; AE 1987, 329 (no. 1088) F4 H4 D4 B3 E3 B3 H3 D3 E4 D3 Ubus fl. Ucutamii § Ucutumani *Uzelis § Respublica Uzelitanorum RL Oum Sekak RL RL Ain Mchira Bir bou Saadia AAA 15.73 See Roads AAA 17.386 Février 1967, 56; EncBerb 12 Castellum G4 Vahartanenses § Respublica Vahartanensium *Vanisnesi *Via per Alpes Numidicas Vicus Antoniae Saturninae Vicus Augusti/ *Castellum Medianum Matidium Alexandrianum Tilirvense? *Vicus Phosphorianus RL Henchir Oued Kherouf ILAlg 2.6225; Desanges 1989 G2 H4 D3 Zacca Zattara Zimizes HRL RL RL Cap de Fer Kef Bezioun near Igilgili AAA 2.4 AAA 18.233 Desanges 1962, 72 B4 E4 C4 Aqueducts Grid Location Period Reference B3 C3 F3 F4 H3 H4 Tubusuctu Saldae Rusicade and spring from Ain bou Merzoug to Cirta Hippo Regius Thubursicum Numidarum RL? RL? RL? RL? RL? RL? AAA 6.132 AAA 7.5 AAA 8.196 AAA 17.126, b; Corbier 1986 AAA 9.13-14 AAA 18.308 488 MAP 31 CIRTA Bridges Grid Location Period Reference F3 H3 H3 S Rusicade S Hippo Regius N Niniba RL? RL? RL? AAA 8.206 AAA 9.63 AAA 9.204 Mines / Quarries Grid Location Period Material Reference C3 F3 G3 H3 H4 W Muslubium S Chullu (2) W Hippo Regius on Hippo? Akra (Cap de Garde) W Nador R RL? R?L R R Gr Fe Fe M Pb AAA 7.56 AAA 8, 43; EncBerb 13 Collo AAA 9.18 AAA 9.9 Camps 1961, 577 Numbered Features No. Grid Feature Period Reference 1 2 B4 E4 mausoleum mausoleum of Lollii R R AAA 15.32 AAA 8.14 Roads Grid Name / Itinerary Period Reference G4 *Via per Alpes Numidicas R CIL 8.22210 Routes from Saldae Routes from Tubusuctu Routes from Igilgili Route from Musulubium Lesbi? → W Routes from Paccianais Matidiae? Routes from Chullu Routes from Tucca/Fines Africae Routes from Celtianis el Ksar → Tucca Routes from Hippo Regius Routes from Jemmapes Routes from Aquae Thibilitanae Routes from Calama Routes from Satafis Route to Equizeto Routes from Sitifis RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL Routes from Cuicul Routes from Cirta Oued Athmenia → *Emadaucapensis Routes from Milev Routes from Gadiaufala Routes from Thibilis Routes from Civitas Nattabutum Routes from Rusicade Routes from Thubursicum Routes from Zattara RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL AAA 7.12 AAA 7.27 AAA 7.77; Salama 1980; Morizot 1986 AAA 7.57 Salama 1951 AAA 8.5 AAA 8.29 AAA 8.71-72 AAA 8.91 Salama 1980, 106 AAA 9.59 AAA 9.38 AAA 9.144 AAA 9.146 Salama 1980 AAA 15.79, 80 AAA 16.364; Salama 1980; Morizot 1986, 325-29 AAA 16.233 AAA 17.126 AAA 17.126 AAA 17.59 AAA 17.335 AAA 18.107 AAA 18.135 AAA 8.196 AAA 18.297 AAA 18.233 MAP 31 CIRTA 489 Tunnel Grid Location Period Reference C3 near Saldae R AAA 7.8 Unidentified Point Symbols Grid Feature Period Reference A3 A4 A4 B3 B4 C3 C4 D3 D3 D4 E2 E3 E4 F2 F3 F4 G3 G4 G4 H3 H4 settlements settlements 7 tumuli W Castellum Turrense settlements settlements settlements settlements settlements tumulus near Zimizes settlements settlements settlements settlements settlements settlements settlements settlements settlements tumulus S Calama settlements settlements RL RL H? RL RL RL RL RL H? RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL H? RL RL AAA 6 AAA 15 AAA 15.40-64 AAA 6, 7 AAA 15, 16 AAA 7 AAA 16 AAA 7 AAA 8.49 AAA 16 AAA 1 AAA 8 AAA 17 AAA 2 AAA 8 AAA 17 AAA 9 AAA 18 AAA 9.150 AAA 9 AAA 18 Unlocated Toponyms Name Period Probable Location Reference Abenses Ad Albulas Ad Basilicam Ad Centenarium/ Kentouriai Ad Dracones Ad Ficum Ad Lapidem Baium Ad Olivam Ad Palmam Ad Piscinas Ad Plumbaria Ad Regias Ad Rotam L R RL L near Sitifis Augustine, Epistulae 28*1 ItAnt 36.5 Morizot 1986, 325-29 Procop., Bell. 4.13.2; ItMiller 940 R R L RL L L L R R Ad Stabulum Olearium Ad Sturnos Ad Villam Sele Ad Villam Serviliana Aquartill(a)e Audurus Baccarus Berzeo Buduxi Bida? between Tigisis and Gadiaufala between Gadiaufala and Thibilis Sourinine? 12 miles N Cirta SE Gadiaufala SW Hippo Regius ItAnt 36.6 ItAnt 40.4 ItMiller 941 AAA 16.1 ItMiller 943 ItMiller 939 ItMiller 943 ItAnt 36.7 ItAnt 40.8 L L L L L L 30 miles S Cirta (Henchir Kariba?) between Sitifis and Sigus between Sitifis and Sigus between Cirta and Rusicade villa 25-30 miles S Hippo Regius between Cirta and Numituriana? Cirta region? ItMiller 941 ItMiller 941 ItMiller 943 ItMiller 943 ItMiller 937 Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.15 L L L between Sitifis and Sigus between Milev and Cuicul 5 miles W Sigus ItMiller 941 ItMiller 937 ItMiller 940 490 MAP 31 CIRTA Name Period Probable Location Reference Capraria/ Carraria? Caput Budelli L near Hippo Regius ItMiller 936; Augustine, Sermones 356.10 L ItMiller 937 Caspaliana Possessio Castellum Fusalla L L 7 miles E Cuicul, same as Castellum Aurelianense Antoninianense? near Audurus 40 miles S Hippo Regius Castellum Gilua L 40 miles S Hippo Regius Castellum Siniti L Ceramussa Cerviana Cizan L L L between Hippo Regius and Aquae Thibilitanae in diocese of Milev villa in region of Cirta in diocese of Hippo Regius Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.16 Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.6; Desanges 1983, 92-98; Barrau 1990 Augustine, Epistulae 20*24; Desanges 1983, 94 Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.11; Desanges 1983, 95; Lancel 1991, 1464 Lancel 1991, 1360-61 GeogRav 3.6.20 Augustine, Epistulae 63.4 Dot(h)enses L near Djebel Taya ILAlg 2.4530 Figulinensis Fundus Fonte Potamiano Forma L L L near Calama near Gadiaufala near Idicra Augustine, Epistulae 105.4 ItMiller 940 Lancel 1991, 1377-78 Germaniciana = Nova Germaniae Germanii? = Nova Germaniae Giddaba M. Gippi L L near Hippo Regius? in diocese of Hippo Regius EncBerb 17 Edough Augustine, Epistulae 65.1 Haliardoi Hasna? Hispaniensis Saltus/ Spanianum Ecclesia R L L near Suburbures in diocese of Hippo Regius? in diocese of Hippo Regius EncBerb 22 Augustine, Epistulae 29.12 Augustine, Epistulae 15*4; CSEL 34.2 (p. 30) Kalefacel(ensis) Saltus R near Ain Zada AAA 16.319 *Lamfoctensis Limata Livetensis Fundus= (O)Livetensis Fundus Lucullianis L L near Tubusuctu diocese of Milev AmmMarc 29.5.13 Augustine, Epistulae 43.6 L 26 miles W Sigus ItMiller 940 Magri Mampsaron M. Mappalia Medianas Zabuniorum L R L L near Gadiaufala near Thubursicum Numidarium near Hippo Regius region of Sitifis Memblibanum Ecclesia? Modolana Muharur Mutugenna L L L L between Milev and Cuicul between Zacca and Tacatua near Hippo Regius ItMiller 940 Ptol. 4.3.5 Augustine, Epistulae 66 Lancel 1991, 1420; EncBerb 12 Castellum (Medianum) Augustine, Epistulae 19*1 ItMiller 937 ItMiller 911 Augustine, Epistulae 23.2 Nedibus Nova Germaniae/ Germanii/ Germaniciana? No(v)as Fusciani L RL SE Rusicade near Thubursicum Numidarium ItMiller 943 Mansi, CC 3, 803-806; ItMiller 923 L 19 miles W Milev ItMiller 937; Lancel 1991, 1449 (O)Livetensis Fundus L near Calama Augustine, Epistulae 105.4 Panchariana Pappoua M. L L statio near Sitifis near Hippo Regius? AmmMarc 29.5.9 EncBerb 17 Edough MAP 31 CIRTA 491 Name Period Probable Location Reference Rustici L SE Gadiaufala ItMiller 940; Lancel 1991, 1453 Salviana Sanianum Praedium Spanianum Ecclesia = Hispaniensis Fundus Strabonianensis Fundus Subsana Suthul L L between Sitifis and and Sigus ItMiller 940 Augustine, Epistulae 35.2 L L H in diocese of Hippo Regius in diocese of Hippo Regius near Calama? Augustine, Epistulae 65.1 Augustine, Epistulae 63.1, 4 Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum 37, 38 Tamagritensis Plebs Tegulata Ecclesia Thabute Thiava Thogonetum/ Thogonetensis Fundus Tisedi Titiana Tulliensis Municipium Turres L L L L L Djebel Magris? near Fussala between Sitifis and Sigus near Hippo Regius c. 40 miles S Hippo Regius AAA 16.128; Lancel 1991, 1473 Augustine, Epistulae 20*12, 16, 25 ItMiller 940 Augustine, Epistulae 83.1 Augustine, Epistulae 20*; Desanges 1983, 96 L L L L near Idicra villa near Thubursicum near Hippo Regius near Hippo Regius Lancel 1991, 1499-1500 Augustine, Epistulae 44.14 Augustine, De Cura pro Mortuis Gerenda 15 Augustine, Epistulae 63.4 Unapompei Urgensis Ecclesia L L diocese of Hippo Regius Augustine, Epistulae 18*1 Augustine, Epistulae 105.3 Verbalis Victoriana Vicus Iuliani Vicus Saturni Visalta L L RL L L in diocese of Hippo Regius villa in diocese of Hippo Regius between Tipasa and Hippo Regius in Numidia? 14 miles W Sigus Augustine, Epistulae 63.4 Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.8 Augustine, Epistulae 23*A3; ItMiller 943 Augustine, Epistulae 29*2 ItMiller 940 Zarath Zubedi Fundus/ Zebda? R L c. 40 miles S Hippo Regius RE Zaratha Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.7 Bibliography Allais 1971 Y. Allais, “Le quartier occidental de Djemila (Cuicul),” AntAf 5 (1971) 95-119. Camps 1961 G. Camps, Aux origines de la Berbérie: monuments et rites funéraires protohistoriques, Paris, 1961. Alquier 1929 J. Alquier and P. Alquier, Le Chettaba et les grottes à inscriptions latines du Chettaba et du Taya, Constantine, 1929. Corbier 1986 M. Corbier, “L’évergétisme de l’eau en Afrique: Gargilianus et l’aqueduc de Cirta,” AfrRom 3 (1986) 275-85. Barrau 1990 P. Barrau, “Breve note à propos de la localisation de Fussala,” AfrRom 8 (1990) 317-20. Desanges 1962 J. Desanges, Catalogue des tribus africaines de l’antiquité classique à l’ouest du Nil, Dakar, 1962. Berthier 1980 A. Berthier, “Un habitat punique à Constantine,” AntAf 16 (1980) 13-26. Desanges 1980 J. Desanges, Pline l’Ancien. Histoire naturelle, livre V, 1-46, Collection Budé, Paris, 1980. Bertrandy 1991 F. 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Morizot, “Une étape sur les voies romaines de la Wilaya de Jijel, la Respublica Vahartanensium,” in Actes du IIIe colloque international sur l’histoire et l’archéologie de l’Afrique du Nord, pp. 317-66, Paris, 1986. Morizot 1987 P. Morizot, “Inscriptions de la Respublica Vahartanensium,” BCTH n.s. 22B (1987-89) 83-114. Pringle 1981 D. Pringle, The defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab conquest, 2 vols., BAR International series 99, Oxford, 1981. Rakob 1979 F. Rakob, “Numidische Königsarchitektur in Nordafrika,” in H.G. Horn and C.B. Rüger (eds.), Die Numider: Reiter und Könige nördlich der Sahara, pp. 119-71, Köln/Bonn, 1979. Salama 1951 P. Salama, Les voies romaines de l’Afrique du Nord, Algiers, 1951. Salama 1980 P. Salama, “Les voies romaines de Sitifis à Igilgili: un exemple de politique routière approfondie,” AntAf 16 (1980) 101-34. Soyer 1976 J. Soyer, “Les centuriations romaines en Algérie orientale,” AntAf 10 (1976) 107-80.
