Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
vol. 10
Kraków 2005
Gábor TAKÁCS (Székesfehérvár)
SOME BERBER ETYMOLOGIES IV:
LEXICAL ROOTS WITH *fThe first part of this paper was published long-long ago (Takács 1996), and
contained a collection of miscellaneous Berber lexical roots compared to AfroAsiatic cognates. My possibilities in this first part were strongly limited by the
rather small collection of the lexical sources at my disposal at that time (a list of
is planned to follow in a later issue of this series).
Recently, I prepared the second and third parts, also containing a rich
collection of about 110 new etymologies of Berber lexical roots with *b- and
*b-, resp.,1 which issue basically from the results of my research for the second
volume of the “Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian” (Leiden, 2001, Brill),
carried out partially during my research fellowship at Frankfurt in 1999-2000,2
with a much more extensive lexicographical apparatus on the cognate AfroAsiatic daughter languages.
addenda et corrigenda
U
U
P
P
P
1
P
P
A selected list of Berber etymologies with initial *b-, *b-, and *f- (partly discussed
herein) has been presented at the international conference “2. Bayreuth-Frankfurter
Kolloquium zur Berberologie” (Frankfurt am Main, 11-13 July 2002) with the title
“Notes on the History of Proto-Berber *b-, *b-, *f- in an Afro-Asiatic Context”. But
since – due to lack of space and strict page limitations – it was impossible to publish
the full collection of the 170 lexical comparisons with all details and references
(only a brief summary of the presentation) in the proceedings of the Frankfurt-Bayreuth conference (forthcoming in the 2003 issue of the “Frankfurter Afrikanistische
Blätter”), I decided to use the opportunity in this paper to propose the original
material dealing with the Berber lexical roots with initial *f- in full details and
length. I plan to publish the further collection of my new Berber lexical comparisons
in the subsquent parts of “Some Berber Etymologies”.
My research at the Institut für Afrikanische Sprachwissenschaften in Frankfurt a/M
(1999-2000, 2002) has been facilitated by the grant of the Alexander von Humboldt
Foundation (Bonn). I express my utmost thanks to this Foundation as well as to my
professor in Frankfurt, Herrmann Jungraithmayr, the prominent Chadicist, for his
invaluable help and support. My true thanks are also due to the OTKA (Hungarian
National Scientific Research Fund) for supporting my research in 2003-2004 (project
no.: D 45976).
U
U
P
2
P
P
U
U
166
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
The numeration of the lexical entries continues that of the first part of this
series.
Berber *f-
“to find” [GT] (well known
common Brb. root) ||| WCh.: NBch.



*p- “1. to find, 2. get” [GT]: Warji pa- [Skn.], Kry. paya [Skn.], Mburku pu[Skn.] (WCh.: Skn. 1977, 21; Stl. 1987, 147, #42) || CCh. *f “1. toucher, 2.
trouver, 3. obtenir” [Jng.-Brt.]: PMasa *fiye < *fiÊe “1. to find, 2. obtain” [GT]:
Masa fī- “trouver” [Ctc. 1978, 72] = fi ~ fe “trouver” [Brt.-Jng.], Banana fiye
“to obtain” [Krf.], Lame (Dzepaw) fé “1. (re)trouver, 2. obtenir, recevoir” [Scn.
1982, 290, cf. 1978, 235], Zime dials.: Pala & Hona fe “to find, obtain” [Jng.],
Dabrang fí “to get” [Jng.], Dari fīē “1. trouver, 2. obtenir, recevoir” [Cooper
1984, 7], Musey fiÊe “to obtain” [Krf.], Misme-Zime fe “to obtain” [Krf.] (Masa
gr.: Jng. 1978, 9, 12; Krf. 1981, #428; CCh.: Brt.-Jng. 1990, 194) || ECh.: Kera
ápé “to find” [Ebrt 1976, 27].
145. PBrb. *f
[< *a-fwa?] “grain sheaf” [GT]: Mgild a-ffa, pl. i-ff-an
“stack of grain-sheaves” [Harries 1974, 222] | Iznasen & Rif & Senhazha ta-ffa,
pl. ta-ffiw-in “meule de gerbes à dépiquer” [Rns. 1932, 297] | Qabyle ta-ffa, pl.
ta-ffw-in “tas de bois” [Dlt. 1982, 189] ||| Eg. ph.t “die Garbe des Korns (allein
oder mit folg. Gen.: der Gerste, des Weizens)” (OK, Wb I 533, 11) = “gerbe”
(AL 78.1489) = “der Garbenhaufen (des Korns), Kornmiete” (GHWb 287) |||
WCh.: Tangale-Waja à búw-à [irreg. b-?] “to pile up, heap up (past)” [Kwh.
1990, 240] || CCh.: Margi pá “to pile up, fold” [Hfm. in RK 1973, 134, #123,
#131, #135] | cf. Bana pà “ramasser, rassembler” [Hfm. in Brt.-Jng. 1990, 86].
From AA *p-h “(to pile into) sheaf” [GT].
146.
NBrb.
*a-ffa
U
U
U
U
U
U
[< *a-fwa?] “to be disgusted” [Harries 1974, 227] |||
Eg. fjw “sich ekeln” (PT, Wb I 576, 3) = “(obs.) sich ekeln” (GHWb 305) |||
SCu.: Ma’a -fwaÊa “to scorn” [Ehret 1980, 151] ||| NOm.: Sezo pī,pī.wā+ ~ pī.wì
“bad” [Sbr.-Wdk. 1994, 10] ||| WCh.: perhaps Ngizim fóowâ “stench, terrible
odor” [Schuh 1981, 58] ||| CCh.: Mofu-Gudur fawfaw ~ fewfew “méchant
(regard)” [Brt. 1988, 115]. From AA *f-w “to be disgusting or disgusted” [GT]?
147. NBrb.: Mgild â-ffa
Lit.: Takács 2000, 76, #3.2 (Ma’a-Eg.-?MG).
NB1: Ch. Ehret (l.c.) combined Ma’a -fwaÊa with Qwadza faÊ-amayo “servant, slave” <
SCu. *faÊ/²- “to be scorned”. Semantically false.
NB2: Any connection to Ngizim fáu “sour(ness), having strong, biting taste or smell”
[Schuh 1981, 57]?
SOME BERBER ETYMOLOGIES IV
167
148. NBrb.: Tamazight: Mgild â-fu “to heal (God)” [Harries 1974, 227] |||
LECu.: Oromo foyyāwa “to get better”, fayya “to get well, be healthy” [Gragg
1982, 142] ||| CCh.: Mada épe “guérir (plaie)” [Brt.-Brn. 2000, 225]. From AA
*[p]-y “to be healthy” [GT].
P
P
NB: A well attested AA root. I only added the above mentioned reflexes.
149. NBrb.: Qabyle fi “suppurer, jaillir” [Dlt. 1982, 188, 242] ||| Eg. p²p²j.t
“krankhafte Erscheinung an einer Geschwulst im Hals” (Med., Wb I 504, 9) =
“(Subst.)” (GHWb 274) ||| WCh.: perhaps Hausa fììyááyà ~ fííyààyéé “to be
mildewed”, fììyááyà (f) “mildew” [Abr. 1962, 272] | Tangale-Waja puw- “to
decay” [Kwh. 1990, 232] || CCh.: Mada ífe “mûrir (abcès)” [Brt.-Brn. 2000,
104]. From AA *p-² “to suppurate” [GT].
150. PBrb. *-ffV “to be swollen” [GT]: NBrb.: Mzab ti-ffi-t, pl. ti-ffi-t-in “1.
claque aux mains, ampoules, 2. excroissances de peau, filets de peau autour des
ongles, envies” [Dlh. 1984, 46] || EBrb.: Ghadames i-ffu “il est enflé” [Lst.
1931, 232-233] ||| SWSem. *yp² [GT: prefix *y-?]: OSA (Sab.) yf ² “to go up,
approach (place/person), 2. rise up, oppose, 3. take a task in hand, 4. rise, spring
(stream)” [SD 168] = “erhaben sein” [GB 310], Ar. yafa²a “1. monter, 2. avoir
grandi (jeune homme)” [BK II 1631] ||| LECu.: Arbore foÊ- “to become full to
overflowing (of a river)” [Hyw. 1984, 358] || SCu. *pu²/Ê- “to swell, rise”
[Ehret]: Qwadza puÊ-us- “to swell, rise”, puÊ-us-iko “cow’s hump” [Ehret 1980
MS, 3] | Ma’a -puÊú “to rise (of sun)” [Ehret 1980, 146] ||| WCh.: Goemay fuu
“to be swollen” [Srl. 1937, 54] || CCh.: Margi fi “to swell” [Skn. 1977, 43] |
Bana pə “gonfler, enfler” [Brt.-Jng. 1990, 86]. From AA *p-² ~ *f-² “1. to
swell, 2. grow, rise” [GT].
NB1: Certain Chadic data speak for AA *f-² (Goemay and Margi f- < AA *f-), while
SCu. *p- speaks for PAA *p-.
NB2: F. Buhl (GB 310) combined SWSem. *yp² with Hbr. yp² hifil “Licht hervorbrechen lassen”. Similarly, R. M. Voigt (1997, 174, fn. 18) took Ar.-OSA yf ² from a basic
meaning “sichtbar werden, leuchten”. Unconvincing, since Hbr. yp² is cognate with
Akk. wapû, which derive from a distinct AA root.
NB3: Ch. Ehret (1980, 339, #5) reconstructed SCu.: Rift *pi²- “to swell (of bud, fruit,
flesh)” on the basis of Iraqw pi²-amami “welt” | Qwadza piÊ-im- “to ripen”, which is
semantically unconvincing.
151. Brb. *f-d [GT]: NBrb.: Izn. ti-fifeœt, pl. ti-fifad/ [-t < *-d-t?] “inflorescence
U
U
U
U
du palmier nain” [Rns. 1932, 297] || SBrb.: Hgr. ti-fadd-în (pl. tante) “bourgeons
(d’arbres ou d’arbrisseaux
qui perdent leurs feuilles en hiver)” [Fcd. 1951-2,
<
302] ||| WCh. *pūd- “to sprout” [GT]: Hausa hùùdá [hu- < *fu-] “to bud,
168
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
blossom (locustbean, date-palm)” [Abr. 1962, 389] | Angas put [-t < *-d] “to
sprout” [ALC 1978, 54]. From AA *p-d “to sprout” [GT].
152. EBrb.: Gdm. fāt “bailler” [Lnf. 1973, 101, #449] ||| Sem.: Hbr. pty qal
“(die Lippen) öffnen, schwatzen, Geheimnisse verraten”, hifil “weit machen”
[GB 666], BAram. ptÊ “breit, weit sein”, *pətāy “Weite, Breite” [GB 921] |||
ECu.: Yaaku paÊtai “to open” [Heine 1975, 130] ||| WCh.: Hausa fèètáí ~ fétété
“(adv., emphasizes clear expanse)” [Abr. 1962, 263] | Tangale pate “to spread
clothes out for drying” [Jng. 1991, 129] | Ngizim pátátá “plain, flat, open field”
[Schuh 1981, 132] (WCh.: Stl. 1987, 144) || CCh.: Gude pitə “to unfasten”
[Hsk. 1983, 259] | Zime-Dari pùt “détacher, dérouler, démêler” [Cooper 1984,
21] || ECh.: Sokoro fítifíti “öffnen, lösen” [Lks. 1937, 33; JI 1994 II, 265] |
Migama pàatò “écarter les jambes”, pèetò “fendre, tatouer” [JA 1992, 115-116],
Bidiya paat “1. écarter les jambes, 2. laisser, abandonner”, peet “fendre un bois,
bifurquer”, peetì “fente”, pit “ouvrir” [AJ 1989, 105-107], Mokilko péetìyó
“breit” [Lks. 1977, 219] = péetè “écarter, élargir, déplier” [Jng. 1990, 161].
From AA *p-t “1. to open wide, 2. loosen, untie” [GT].
NB: Cf. perhaps also SBrb.: EWlmd. ə-ftəw “tendre (piège)”, ə-ftəy “1. demonter (tente,
maison, appareil) en étalant les pièces sur le sol, 2. démolir, raser jusqu’au sol (maison),
3. (fig.) liquider (société etc.), dissoudre” [PAM 72].
U
U
U
U
153. SBrb. *f-t-w [GT]: EWlmd. ă-ftu & Ayr ə-ftu “accabler” [PAM 71] |||
WCh.: Tala pùtu & Zungur fàatu “to push” [Csp. 1994, 30]. From AA *p-t-w
(or *f-t-w) “to push (down)” [GT]?
NB: Cf. also ECh.: Sokoro phítē ~ piti “verweigern, zurückstossen” [Lks. 1937, 38]?
154. SBrb.: EWlmd. a-fătăta, pl. i-fătăt-an “terre natronnée” [PAM 72] |||
CCh. *[f]-t “salt” [GT]: Bata fítę [Mch.], Bata-Garwa fité [Str.], Bata-Demsa
fīté [Str.], Nzangi ficé [-tz-] [Str.] = fəvcę [-ts-] [Mch.], Kobochi fĕcé [-ts-] [Str.]
= fice [-ts-] [Mch.] (Bcm. gr.: Str. 1922-1923, 128; Mch. 1950, 44) | Mofu
púcao [Mch.] (CCh.: Mch. 1953, 179). From PAA *f-t (or *p-t) “salt” [GT].
U
U
U
U
U
U
155. NBrb.: Mzab ta-fətfat ~ ta-fədfad-t, pl. ti-fətfat-in ~ ti-fədfad-in “bourre
de palmier, plaque de cette bourre” [Dlh. 1984, 55-56] ||| Eg. ftt (rope det.)
“etwas Pflanzliches (?), das in feuchtem oder trockenem Zustand als Verband
benutzt wird” (Med., Wb I 581, 9-10) = “ein pflanzlicher Faserstoff: als TamponZäpfchen, in Verbänden mit mrh.t und bj.t etc.” (Deines-Grapow 1959, 210211) = “lint” (FD 99) = “1. Faserbausch (als Tampon-Zäpfchen), 2. Faserstoff
(aus der Pflanze dbj.t)” (GHWb 308) ||| HECu. *fūtt-a “cotton” [Hds. 1989, 410;
Ss. 1982, 71] | SOromo fút-a “cotton” [Mrn.] ||| Om. *put- “cotton” [Bnd.] =
*fūtt- “cotton” [Lmb.] (Om.-Cu.: Crl. 1929, 29; 1938 III, 167, 202; 1951, 457;
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
169
Bnd. 1988, 146; LS 1997, 357) ||| CCh.: Muskum fít “coton” [Trn. 1977, 20].
From AA *f-t “wadding, flock of plant (like e.g. cotton)” [GT].
S
S
156. SBrb. *f-t-q “to fall” [GT]: EWlm. & Ayr fətəqq-ət “tomber par terre
(fruits, en abondance)”, Ayr tə-ftəqq-et, pl. tyə-ftəqqa “chute par terre”, cf. also
(as var.?) EWlm. & Ayr fətəktək “tomber en grande quantité (pluie, fruits etc.)”
[PAM 71] ||| Eg. pth< “1. (tr.) zu Boden werfen (PT), 2. (intr.) sich niederwerfen
(MK)” (PT, Wb I 565-566) ||| LECu.: perhaps Afar i-fdig-e “1. to release, loose,
2. unload, unpack” [PH 1985, 133] | HECu.: Sidamo fottoqa “to fall down”
[quoted by Skn. 1996, 62, not found in Crl. 1938 II, Hds. 1989] ||| CCh.: MofuGudur -pəvtk- “laisser tomber des déchets, vanner” [Brt. 1988, 222]. From AA
*p-t-q (var. *p-t-q) “to (let) fall” [GT]?
157. NBrb. *f-d “to sweep” [GT]: Semlal ta-se-ftt, pl. ti-sĕ-fd-in “balai” [Dst.] |
Ndir s-fəd/ “to wipe” [Pnc. 1973, 106] | Ntifa ta-s-fåt “balai” [Dst.] (NBrb.: Dst.
1925, 263, #3) ||| HECu.: Sidamo fit- “spazzare” [Mrn. 1940, 214] || SCu.:
Qwadza faÊ- [Ê < *t reg.] “to sweep” [Ehr. 1980, 149] ||| NOm.: Wolayta fut-a
“broom” [LS 1997, 358] | Baditu fit- “to sweep (spazzare)” [Mrn.] = fit- (sic, -t-)
[Crl. 1938 II, 200] ||| CCh.: Gudu məfíídàà “to sweep” [Krf.], Mwulyen ùfédò
“to sweep” [Krf. 1981, #425] | Lmg. (Htk., Hide) fada “balayer” [Eguchi 1971,
203] | (?) Mbara píd “polir” [TSL 1986, 275]. From AA *f-t “to sweep” [GT].
158. SBrb.: EWlmd. a-fədi “débordement, écoulement” [Ncl. 1957, 53] |||
Sem. *pyd/: Ar. fyd: fāda “être en grand abondance, déborder et couler à profusion, comme un torrent” [BK II 653] = “to flow” [Tritton: 1933-35, 596] | MSA
*fyź: Hrs. feyōź “to overflow” [Jns. 1977, 37], Jbl. fε ź “to flood, overflow,
have plenty of food” [Jns. 1981, 68], Mhr. fəyōź “to flood, overflow” [Jns.
1987, 109]. From AA *p-ĉ “to overflow” [GT].
159. NBrb.: Qbl. a-fes “enfoncer” [Dlt. 1982, 231] ||| Sem.: Akk. (ass.) pasû
“pressen (?) (Dämonen Brustkorb)” [AHW 839] ||| (?) Eg. pjs [unless < *pls]
“(das Korn mit Eseln) einbringen” (MK, Wb I 502, 9) = “to tread in (?) (seed)”
(FD 88) = “faire pénétrer les semences” (Berlev 1978, 191, n. 9). From AA *p-s
“to press in” [GT]?
160. NBrb. *i-f[ī]s “hyena” [GT]: Izn. i-fis, pl. i-fis-a [Rns.], Tuzin i-fis, pl. ifis-en [Rns.], Mzab i-fis, pl. i-fis-ən [Dlh. 1984, 54] (Zenet: Rns. 1932, 298) |
Qbl. i-fis [Dlt. 1982, 233] | Nfs. fīs, pl. i-fīs-en [Bgn. 1942, 296] ||| SCu.: Ma’a
mphiši “1. Hyäne, 2. Leopard”, piši “Leopard” [Mnh. 1906, 314, 316]. From
AA *pis- (or *pihs-) “hyena” [GT]?
170
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
161. NBrb. *a-yfs, pl. *i-yfs-an “seed” [GT] || SBrb. *ta-yfəs-t “seed” [GT] |||
NEg. pjs “*Saat” (NE, GHWb 274) ||| NAgaw *fäz- “to sow” [Apl.] || LECu.:
Oromo fačaë “spilled, scattered”, fača-sa (caus.) “to sow, scatter seed” || SCu.:
Alagwa pas-it- “to scatter (intr.)”, cf. also Alagwa pisari “seed”, Brg. pisagariya
“seed” (WRift: Ehret 1980, 161, #1) ||| WCh.: Hausa fáčá-fáčá (f) “scattering”,
cf. fásà “to shatter, disperse (crowd)” [Abr. 1962, 240, cf. 256-257] || ECh.:
Toram fihaš- [-h- obscure] “to disperse, scatter” [Alio 1988 MS, 28]. From AA
*p-č “1. to scatter, 2. sow” [GT].
162. SBrb.: EWlmd. & Ayr ə-fsək “se désagreger” [PAM 69] ||| Sem.: Ar.
U
U
fasah<a “1. disjoindre, séparer, défaire, 4. résilier, dissoudre, 5. disperser” [BK II
592] ||| CCh.: Mafa-Mada *p-s-k “to stretch open” (?) [GT]: Gisiga psak
“entrollen (Matte)” [Lks. 1970, 134], Mofu pəskéy “to untie” [Rsg. 1978, 353,
#773], Mofu-Gudur -pəsk- “détacher, défaire, découdre” [Brt. 1978, 140; 1988,
221]. From AA *[p]-s-q “open, untie” [GT].
163. SBrb.: EWlmd. fəziwək “se disperser en désordre” [PAM 74] ||| Eg. pzh<
“verwirrt sein” (MK, Wb I 550, 17) = “1. (tr.) to disarray (one’s hair), 2. (intr.)
be distraught, be strewn with (m)” (FD 94) = “verwirrt sein (Haar, Herz durch
Angst)” (GHWb 294). From AA *p-[/\-q [GT].
164. PBrb. *ə-ffəz “to chew” [GT]: e.g. NBrb.: Qbl. e-ffez “mâcher” [Dlt.
1982, 244] || EBrb.: Sokna ö-ffəz “mâcher” [Lst. 1931, 254] || WBrb.: Zenaga te-ffāz “kauen” [Zhl. 1942-43, 89] || SBrb.: Hgr. e-ffez “mâcher, broyer avec les
dents” [Fcd. 1951-2, 73] ||| Sem.: cf. perhaps Ar. fazza “exprimer l’eau contenu
dans le ventricule d’un ruminant (pour la boire quand on se trouve dans un
désert manquant d’eau)” [BK II 613] ||| LECu.: Baiso fōče “to chew” [Hyw.
1979, 121] ||| CCh.: Masa pāĉ-nà [irreg. -ĉ- < *-ĉ-?] “mâcher” [Ctc. 1978, 73].
From AA *p-č “1. to grind, 2. chew” [GT]?
NB: Perhaps cf. also ES: Tigre fäčfäča “to smash, break the head”, Harari fäča “to
grind”, PGurage *fäččä “to grind” (ES: Lsl. 1963, 60; 1969, 39; 1979, 227; 1987, 169;
1988, 76) | HECu.: Sidamo fafačči “to grind coarsely” [Lsl.].
165. SBrb.: Hgr. te-fagg-it, pl. ti-fugga “anneau de métal ou de cuir dur
(servant à maintenir 2 choses l’une contre l’autre)” [Fcd. 1951-2, 309] || ECh.:
Lele pàgà “anneaux de cheville (femme)” [WP 1982, 75].
166. EBrb.: Gdm. ū-fəġ “1. dépasser une limite, une mesure, 2. aller trop loin
(ene verrou dans son logement)” [Lanfry 1973, 88, #382] ||| ECu. *fVg- “far”
[Flm. 1969, 22, #11]: LECu.: PSomali *fog “far” [Ehret & Nuuh Ali 1984]:
Somali fog ~ fug “1. Entfernung, 2. weit, fern” [Rn. 1902, 147] = fóg “far”
U
U
SOME BERBER ETYMOLOGIES IV
171
[Abr. 1964, 80], Rendille fog-á “far” [Heine 1976, 215], Arbore feká ~ fek-í
[irreg. -k] “far” [Hyw. 1984, 358], Dasenech (Geleba) fik “far, distant” [Flm. >
Dlg.] | Oromo fag-ō “far” [Gragg 1982, 139] = fag-oÊ “weit” [Sasse] | HECu.:
Sidamo fag-o “far” [Hds. 1989, 362] = faf-ō [Crl.: < *fagw-] “lontano” [Crl.
1938 II, 200] (ECu.: CR 1913, 421; Dlg. 1973, 320; Sasse 1975, 246) ||| SOm.:
Ari feg-á “far” [Bnd. 1994, 149] ||| WCh.: Ngizim fák [irreg. -k# < *-g#?] “at a
great distance (in time or space)” [Schuh 1981, 57]. From AA *p-g “far” [GT].
S
S
P
P
“to plunder” [GT]: WBrb.: Zenaga f-k (impr. aufuk) “faire une
expédition de pillage, piller des biens”, ĭufək “il a pillé, mis à sac” [Ncl. 1953,
197] || SBrb.: Hgr. feik “être dévalisé, dépouillé de” [Fcd. 1951-2, 311-2],
EWlmd. & Ayr făyku “être pillé, dévalisé” [PAM 73] ||| Sem.: Akk. (aA-nA)
puāgu G “gewaltsam wegnehmen” [AHW 874] ||| WCh.: Angas puk “to take
everything away, devastate, etc., in war (includes the burning and destruction of
goods and houses)” [Flk. 1915, 267] = puk “to plunder” [ALC 1978, 53] ||
CCh.: cf. Masa pēk-nà
“saisir” [Ctc. 1978, 73] || ECh.: Tumak pəg “1. enlever,
:
7. récolter” & pəg “1. enlever (plusieurs vêtements), 2. récolter (le coton, du
miel …)” [Cpr. 1975, 91]. From AA *p-k ~ *p-g “to plunder” [GT].
167. Brb. *f-y-k
P
P
Lit.: the Akk.-Tumak etymology was first suggested in HSED #2021.
“to give” [GT] (well known root common in nearly all
daughter languages) ||| LEg. ph< (written ph<) “ausstatten” (GR, Wb I 543, 9) |||
WCh.: Tala fìgu, Zungur pyegoo “to give” (SBch.: Csp. 1994, 19) || CCh.:
PHigi *pəh<wi “to sell” [GT]: Higi-Nkafa pəh<wì [Krf.], Higi-Kamale (Kps.)
pəh<wì [Krf.] (Higi: Krf. 1981, #404). From AA *p-q ~ *p-h< “to give” [GT].
168. PBrb. *f-k ~ *k-f
P
P
NB: O. V. Stolbova (1994 MS, 1; 1996, 128; HSED #2023) combined the Ch. root with
Sem. *py/wh<: Akk. puh<h<u D (a/jB, nA) “(ein)tauschen (iddin upīh<: er gab in Tausch)”,
Š (Boghazköy) “vertauschen”, pūh<u “Tausch, Ersatz”, (a/jB) pūh<tu “Tauschobjekt”
[AHW 876-877].
169. SBrb. *ta-fəkka “body” [GT]: Hgr. ta-fekka, pl. ti-fekk-aw-în “corps”
[Fcd. 1951-2, 313], EWlmd. ta-fəkka, pl. ši-fəkk-aw-en & Ayr to-fəkka, pl. tofəkk-aw-en “corps” [PAM 1998, 60] ||| CCh. *v-g “body” [GT]: Matakam vəvk
[Rsg.] | Glavda vəghá [Rapp], Dghwede vgà [Frick] | (?) Lamang ghəvà [met.?]
[Lks.] (CCh.: JI 1994 II, 34-35). From AA *P-k “body” (*p- or *f-) [GT].
170. SBrb.: Hgr. té-fîk-it,
pl. ti-fîka “coup au pied (produit par le choc d’une
pierre ou d’un autre corps dur contre lequel on se herte en marchant)” [Fcd.
1951-2, 313] ||| WCh.: Hausa fààkáá “1. to slap (with sleeve of gown or with
sandal), 2. hit down (fruit with stick), 3. (bird of prey) strike (another) with its
172
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
wing” [Abr. 1962, 246] || ECh.: (?) Sokoro ófogo [-g-?] “to beat (drum)” [Lks.
= JI 1994 II, 17]. From AA *P-k “to beat” (*p-/*f-) [GT].
NB: Dictinct root from the well known PAA *b-g “to beat” (HCVA 2 etc.).
“se réveiller, s’éveiller” [Rns. 1932, 296] |||
HECu.: Kambata bakk- & bakk y- “to wake up, waken” (intr.), bakk-isīs- “id.”
(tr.) [Hds. 1989, 309]. From AA *P-k “to wake up” (*p-k or *f-k or *b-k?)
[GT].
171. NBrb.: Snh. & Izn. faq
“convention, arrangement” [Rns. 1932, 284] |||
NEg. phh “to control (?) (horses)” (XVIII., Urk. IV 1281, 13) = “dresser (des
cheveux)” (AL 77.1481) = “Bändigung (Pferd), Schulung” (GHWb 292) |||
CCh.: Glavda poghw “to lead” [RB 1968] || ECh.: Somray pàgə “élever
(animaux)” [Jng. 1993 MS, 50].
172. NBrb.: Iznasen e-tt-faq
U
U
“to resemble” [GT]: Hgr. ne-fekki “(se) ressembler”, i-fekken “ressemblance” [Fcd. 1951-2, 359], Ayr & EWlm. i-făqq-an “ressemblance”,
EWlm. nă-făqqu ~ nə-fəqqu “se ressembler” [PAM 1998, 59] ||| ECu. *fakk-ad“to resemble, seem” [GT]: Oromo fakka-adda | Burji fakk-ād- [< Oromo?]
(ECu.: Hds. 1989, 123). From AA *P-Q (either *p- or *f-) “to resemble” [GT].
173. SBrb. *f-q-q
“être lâche, non tendu, non serré, mou” [Dlh. 1984,
57] ||| Sem.: perhaps Akk. (nB, nA) pah<āh<u G “nachlassen (?)” [AHW 810] |||
Eg. fh< “1. (ab)lösen, 2. loslassen, aufgeben, verlieren” (OK, Wb I 578) ||| WCh.:
Warji vaγ- “to loose” [Stl.] || CCh.: Zelgwa páhá “to untie” [Brt. 1995, 203] ||
ECh.: Kera fógé “losmachen” [Ebert 1976, 46] | WDangla pàkè “s’échapper, se
débarasser de (prison etc.)”, pìkè “relâcher, lâcher” [Fédry 1971, 54, 63],
EDangla píké “détacher (les bêtes), lâcher, relâcher, relaxer” [Dbr.-Mnt. 1973,
244] = píké “losmachen” [Ebs. 1979, 129; 1987, 88]. From AA *f-Q (either *fh< or *f-q) “to loosen, release” [GT].
174. NBrb.: Mzab ffəh Œfəh Œ
175. NBrb.: Qbl. f-h Œ-t: ti-feh Œh Œeţ, pl. ti-feh<t-in “piège en fer (pour oiseau,
souris)” [Dlt. 1982, 242] ||| ECh.: WDangla pùgùdùm “piège à trappe tombante,
avec un van pour les oiseaux, avec une poterie pour les rats” [Fédry 1971, 69].
From AA *P-Q-t “trap” [GT].
[< *ə-fwər?] “to hide” [GT]: NBrb.: Iznasen & Senhazha effer “cacher” [Rns. 1932, 298] | Qabyle e-ffer “(se) cacher” [Dlt. 1982, 215] ||
EBrb.: Siwa ə-ffər “cacher” [Lst. 1931, 207] || WBrb.: Zenaga f-r “cacher”,
hence tă-su-ffra “sacoche à vêtements, à livres” [Ncl. 1953, 194] ||| SBrb.: Hgr.
e-ffer “1. cacher (mettre en un lieu secret), 2. couvrir, 3. soustraire aux regards,
176. Brb. *ə-ffər
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
173
4. céler” [Fcd. 1951-2, 334-335] = ĕ-ffĕr “verstecken (Getreide in einem Silo)”
[Vcl. 1953, 375] ||| WCh.: Guruntum fòori “to hide (sg.)” [Csp. 1994, 21] ||
CCh.: Higi *fur- “to hide” [GT]: Kamale furakyε [Krf.], Ghye furandε [Krf.],
Futu fulæči [Krf.] (CCh.: Krf. 1981, #385). From AA *f-w-r “to hide” [GT].
:
177. SBrb.: EWlm. ta-far-ėt “vieille vase de bois” [Ncl. 1957, 63] ||| Sem.:
Hbr. pārūr “Topf (irdener)” [GB 658] = “(≈ PAram. qidrā ’marmite’)” [Rabin
1970, 295] ||| SCu. *parer- [GT] = *pareh- “calabash sherd” [Ehr.]: Iraqw
parerehami (compound?) “calabash-sherd spoon” [Ehr.] | Ma’a mparé “halfcalabash bowl” [Ehr.] (SCu.: Ehret 1980, 143) ||| WCh.: Tangale puuri “a large
pot for keeping beer” [Jng. 1991, 135] | (?) Pa’a fəvrhà [f- irreg., -h- obscure]
“small pot (for beer)” [Skn. 1979, 176] || ECh.: Migama pòróòné “petite tasse
en poterie pour servir la sauce” [JA 1992, 117] | Toram fooro (m) “small
storage pot (for beer and in gen.)”, fóore (f) “water carrying pot” [Alio 1988
MS, 13, 24-25]. From AA *p-r “vessel” [GT].
178. SBrb. *u-ffər [GT]: Ayr u-fər & EWlmd. u-ffər, pl. o-fr-an “pain en farine
U
U
U
U
U
U
de jujubes” [PAM 64] ||| Eg. p3.t (or p3w.t?) [< *pr.t] “Art Gebäck: Opferkuchen” (OK, Wb I 495) = “1. cake or loaf (used in offerings)” (OK, FD 87) |||
WCh.: Hausa fúrJáá “balls of cooked flour for mixing up in milk” [Abr. 1962,
273].
179. SBrb. *a-fara (?) “wind before rain” [GT]: Hgr. ĕ-feré, pl. i-fer-ît-en “1.
vent présage de pluie, 2. se dit de tout vent, fort ou faible, chaud ou froid, qui
semble précourser de pluie” [Fcd. 1951-2, 339], EWlmd. & Ayr a-făre, pl. ifăre-t-ăn “vent de mousson venant du sud-ouest (d’une région où il a plu)”
[PAM 64] ||| SAgaw: presumably Awngi fur- “to rest: catch one’s breath” [Ehret
1987, #190] || LECu.: Somali fór-a “heftiger Staub aufwirbelnder Wüstenwind”
[Rn. 1902, 153] || SCu.: Iraqw fûrÊa “wind” [Wtl.] = fûrÊâ [Zbr. 1976, 115] =
furÊā [Mgw. 1989, 100], Gorowa fûrâÊa, pl. fûrÊa “wind” [Wtl.] (WRift: Wtl.
1958, 26, #117). Ultimately from AA *f-r “1. to blow, 2. breathe” [GT].
U
U
U
U
180. Brb. *tV-frV-t “lock, tuft of hair” [GT]: NBrb.: Mzab tu-frə-t, pl. tu-fra-t-
in “mèche bouclée de cheveux” [Dlh. 1984, 50] || EBrb.: Ghadames ta-fri-t, pl.
ta-fra-t-īn “1. mèche de cheveux qui s’arrondit sur le front, 2. languette de chausson ou de chaussure qui recouvre le dessus du pied, ornée ou non de broderies
de soie” [Lanfry 1973, 94, #140] ||| Sem. *par²- “(loose) hair of the head”
[SED]: Akk. pērtu ~ pēretu “Haupthaar” [AHW 856] || Hbr. pera² “das volle
Haupthaar” [GB 660] = “loosely hanging and unplaited hair on the head” [KB]
|| Ar. far²- “das volle Haupthaar” [GB] = “chevelure” [BK] (Sem.: Holma 1911,
34; Frz. 1964, 268, #2.46; SISAJa I, #46; Blv. 1992, 16; SED 1, 192, #218) |||
U
U
174
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
LECu.: perhaps Afar bùr²-i [irreg. b- < *f-?] “tight wooly hair (like that of a
negro)” [PH 1985, 74] ||| CCh.: Lame pēr “favoris, poils du visage” [Scn. 1982,
268].
NB: Any connection to Sem.: Ar. ²ufr-at- “crinière, long poil du cou, plumes du coq”
[BK II 297], also ²ifr-at- “cheveux du milieu de la tête” [Blv. < ?] ||| ECu.: Dullay:
Gollango ufur-kó “Körperhaar” [AMS 1980, 246] as suggested by A. G. Belova (1992,
16; 1998, 14)?
“to suffer from sickness” [GT]: EWlm. & Ayr ə-frəy “être
légèrement malade, souffrir”, EWlm. ta-fri-t, pl. ši-fərray “légère maladie”
[PAM 68] = EWlm. i-frãi “il est souffrant”, tā-frī-t “malaise” [Ncl. 1957, 574] |||
WCh.: Dera pur “sickness” [Krf.] | Bade fərâ-n “sickness” [Krf.], Ngizim fərá
“disease”, fərú “to be sick” [Schuh 1981, 56-57] = fùrə “sickness” [Krf.]
(WCh.: Krf. 1981, #253; Mkr. 1987, 324) || ECh.: Migama páráayí “maladie”,
pàrâyyò “être malade” [JA 1992, 115], WDangla párìyà “fièvre” [Fédry 1971],
EDangla pàrīyà “paludisme” [Dbr.-Mnt. 1973, 237] | Birgit fìráayà “maladie,
fièvre” [Jng. 1973 MS].
181. SBrb. *f-r-y
U
U
U
U
U
U
“cave” [GT]: Izn. & Rif & Snh. i-fri, pl. Izn. & Tuzin & Urg.
& Bqy. i-fr-än, Amr. i-farya-un, Snh. i-frï-aw-en “caverne, terrier, trou” (NBrb.:
Rns. 1932, 298) ||| Sem.: perhaps Ar. faÊara “to dig out, bury in the ground”
[Ehret] = “to dig” [Lsl. 1987, 157] || ES: common Gurage furä “hole in the wall
or in the fence of the house, hole in a container”, cf. Ennemor & Gyeto fəräfärä
“to make a hole”, Amharic färäffärä “to make a hole”, Tigrinya färfärä “to
pierce, break” (ES: Lsl. 1979, 241) ||| Eg. pr.t “Öffnung der Höhle (?)” (NK, Wb
I 532, 3) = “*Höhle (≈ qrr.t in anderen Versionen)” (GHWb 287) ||| SAgaw:
Awngi fər [f- < *p-] “hole” [Hetzron apud Ehret & Lmb.] | perhaps Qwadza
paÊal-uko [if -l- < *-r- and -Ê- < *-Ê-] “hole, pit” [Ehret 1980 MS, 2] ||| NOm.:
Kafa hir-o [h < *ph-] “Loch” [Lmb.], Shinasha-Bworo fur-à “Loch (zum
Sehen)” [Lmb.] (Awngi-Kefoid: Lmb. 1993, 303) ||| WCh.: Kofyar pìγar “to
bore a hole” [Ntg. 1967, 32] | Tangale purut “refuse-pit” [Jng. 1991, 135] |
Ngizim pàarú “to make holes with planting hoe to drop seeds in” [Schuh 1981,
132] || CCh.: Gude fəvréeŋ “having one or more holes in it” [Hsk. 1983, 184].
From AA *p-(Ê)-r “(to make a) hole” [GT].
182. NBrb. *i-fri
P
P
[GT]: Sus s-fūru “espionner, guetter” [Dst. 1938,
270] ||| Sem. *pÊr: Akk. (aA, a/jB) pâru G “suchen”, Gt “prüfen” [AHW 836] ||
Hbr. pÊr piel “(die Zweige) durchsuchen, stoppeln” [GB 631] ||| LECu.: PSam
*fī,rì “to observe” [Heine 1978, 59; 1982, 119] ||| WCh.: Bole par- “to find”
[Dlg.], Tangale pari “to look for, search” [Jng. 1991, 129] || CCh.: Gisiga
183. NBrb.: Shilh *f-w-r
U
U
SOME BERBER ETYMOLOGIES IV
175
(Dogba dial.) por “sehen”, (Midjivin) pur “(an)sehen, betrachten” [Lks. 1970,
134, cf. Jng. 1992-1993, 120]. From AA *p-r “to look (for)” [GT].
Lit.: SISAJa I, #29 (Ar.-WCh.-Gisiga); HSED #1954 (Akk.-WCh.-Gisiga).
184. NBrb.: Qbl. i-frar “surnager, émerger” [Dlt. 1982, 217] ||| LECu.: Saho
fōr- “hinaufsteigen” [Rn. 1890, 135], Assaorta fōr “salire, ascendere” [CR 1913,
54], Afar fär- “hinaufsteigen, ein Reittier besteigen, reiten” [Rn. 1886, 844] =
fēre “to climb or scramble up quickly, run” [PH 1985, 101] ||| WCh.: Dera póró
“up(wards)” [Nwm. 1974, 131] || CCh.: PBura-Margi *fil- [l < *r] “to mount”
[GT]: Kilba afīl-tī “to mount” [Stl.], Chibak fəvl-təv “besteigen” [Hfm.], Bura fil
“to ride, mount” [BED 1953, 67] = fila ~ fil ~ fil-ta “besteigen” [RK 1973, 87]
= fil-ta ~ fil “besteigen” [Hfm.] (BM: Hfm. 1955, 135) || ECh.: Mobu pare (pl.)
“1. monter (action pluriel) à cheval, 2. enlever un à un (beim Dachabdecken)”
[Jng. apud Lenssen 1984, 71] | Somray pàr “monter” [Jng. 1993 MS, 51]. From
AA *f-r “to rise” [GT].
185. SBrb. *f-r-(f-r) “to rub” [GT]: Hgr. fuffer-et “frotter” [Fcd. 1951-2, 307],
EWlmd. fur-ət “frotter avec qqch. de dur (une seule fois)”, EWlmd. & Ayr
fărfăr “1. se frotter les mains, 2. frotter le coude (chameau)” [PAM 64-65] |||
HECu.: Hadiya fur-š- “to rub (off)” [Hds. 1989, 126, 278] ||| WCh.: Goemay pûr
“to rub” [Srl. 1937, 186] = phur [phiir] “to rub” [Hlw. 2000 MS, 29] | Tangale
pure “to rub sg. in hands” [Jng. 1991, 135] | Ngizim fərfərú “to roll back and
forth between hands” [Schuh 1981, 57] || CCh.: Mofu -fáfər- “(se) gratter,
frotter” [Brt. 1988, 113] || ECh.: Kera pápré “reiben (frotter), zerknittern
(froisser)” [Ebert 1976, 87] (Ch.: Stl. 1996, 28) < AA *p-r “to rub” [GT].
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
U
U
U
PS
S
U
186. SBrb.: EWlm. fărfăr “s’accoupler avec (oiseau mâle & femelle)” [PAM
65] ||| ES: Gurage: Muher & Gogot fwärra “to have intercourse” [Lsl. 1979, 240]
||| WCh. *fwar- “to copulate” [GT] = *f-[w]-r [Stl.]: Bokkos fwar “1. (Mädchen)
nachstellen, folgen, den Hof machen, 2. begatten” [Jng. 1970, 141] | NBch.
*fwər- “to copulate” [GT]: Pa’a fər-ĉa “to copulate (her, tr., object required)”
[MSkn. 1979, 176], Tsagu fəl [-l < *-r?] “to copulate” [NSkn.], Siri & Mburku
wur- [*fwur-?] “to copulate” [NSkn.] (WCh.: Stl. 1987, 160; Skn. 1977, 16) ||
CCh.: Mafa var- “monter, copuler (pour des animaux)” [Brt.-Bléis 1990, 370].
From AA *fw-r “to copulate” [GT]?
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
NB1: The etymology of some of these comparanda is disputed. W. W. Müller (1981,
400) explained the Gurage root as a secondary euphemism corresponding to Ar. fara²a I
& II “be-, aufsteigen”, while A. Ju. Militarev & L. Kogan (SED 1) derive it from Sem.
*phl. Acc. to K.-G. Prasse, the meaning of EWlmd. fărfăr “s’accoupler avec” might be
an innovation, cf. fărfăr “1. se frotter les mains, 2. frotter le cou de (chameau)” [PAM 65].
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
176
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
NB2: Any connection to Eg. p3j (phallus det.) “begatten, bespringen (vom Stier, vom
Göttern)” (NE, GR, Wb I 497, 13-14)? Phonologically dubious (Eg. p- ≠ NBch. *f- <
PAA *f-).
“présenter des perforations, des concavités sur sa
surface” [Dlt. 1982, 228] ||| Sem.: cf. perhaps Ar. farasa V “1. plonger ses
regards dans qqc., tenir ses yeux fixés sur qqc.” [BK II 568] ||| Bed. firis “to
pierce, gap, break through” [Rpr. 1928, 181]. From AA *p-r-s “to penetrate”
[GT].
187. NBrb.: Qbl. ffurres
“être gercé, crevassé”, i-furaz (pl.) “gerçures” [Dlh.
1984, 54] ||| Sem.: ES *frzz “to burst forth” [GT]: Geez: Êafarzaza “to form scar
having small protuberances, form lumps on the body”, tafarzaza “to burst (forth,
out), crack open”, Tigre färzäza “to burst forth”, etc. (ES: Lsl. 1987, 167). From
AA *P-r-Z “to burst forth” [GT]?
188. NBrb.: Mzab ffurəz
“avoir les oreilles écartées de la tête (une
personne)” [Fcd. 1951-2, 344] ||| Sem.: Ar. frğ “1. to open (a door, the mouth),
2. part (the legs)” [Dlg.] = “fendre” [Lsl.] | MSA *frg: Jbl. efúrg “to open a way
for so. in trouble”, efrég “to rescue, release (from prison, problem)” [Jns.], Mhr.
fōrəg “to help, open a way for so.” [Jns.], Sqt. frg “ouvrir” [Lsl.] = fəvreg “to
open” [Jns.] (MSA: Lsl. 1938, 340; Jns. 1981, 60; 1987, 98) ||| OEg. f3g [<
*frg] “Verbum vom Auslösen des Schenkels” (OK, Wb I 576, 1) ||| NAgaw:
Hamir faraγ & Dembea ferag “ausgedehnt, weit, geräumig, groß sein” [Rn.
1884, 357] || LECu.: Afar fargāga²-ite “to stand with legs apart” [PH 1985, 100]
| Oromo furg-aÊa “to loosen, be relieved” [Gragg 1982, 151] ||| ECh.: Bidiya
pirgày “séparer, faire la différence entre deux choses” [AJ 1989, 108], WDangla
pírgé “1. décoller, 2. écorcher la peau d’un animal ou d’un fruit, 3. avoir une
écaille (sur un récipient en fer émaillé)” [Fédry 1971, 63], EDangla pèrgìyē
“séparer, diviser, distinguer, différer” [Dbr.-Mnt. 1973, 242]. From AA *[f]-r-g
“to open wide, set apart” (or sim.) [GT].
189. SBrb.: Hgr. fereggen
NB: NBrb.: Shilh ferreg “séparer” [Jst. 1914, 128] might be a late loan from Ar., while
Hgr. f-r-g-n might represent a genuine cognate.
Lit.: HCVA 1, #28 & HSED #1987 (Ar.-Bdy.); Kammerzell 1994, 26 (Eg.-Ar.).
“to separate” [GT]: NBrb.: Shilh farkk “to separate” [Aplg.
1958, 52] | Qbl. fferk·ekk “1. se fendiller, 2. s’ouvrir, 3. se désagreger, tomber
en miettes, 4. s’écailler (peinture)” [Dlt. 1982, 223] || EBrb.: Gdm. fərrək
“séparer en deux” [Lanfry 1973] ||| MSA *frh< [GT]: Jbl. férəh< “(egg) to split
open”, fevtrəh< “to open one’s legs while lying down relaxing” [Jns. 1981, 62],
Mhr. fərōh< “(girl) to throw the legs wide apart in playing (which is punished by
190. Brb. *f-r-k
SOME BERBER ETYMOLOGIES IV
177
slap)” [Jns. 1987, 102] ||| WCh.: Ngizim párJák “openness” [Schuh 1981, 132] ||
CCh.: Mofu-Gudur -vávəvrkw- “ouvrir (une fenêtre après la construction d’un
mur)” [Brt. 1988, 251] | Logone paraka-ze “sich zerstreuen” [Lks. 1936, 115] ||
ECh.: Bidiya pírkàt “avoir les yeux écarquillés” [AJ 1989, 108].
“to twist” [GT]: NBrb.: Mzab ə-frəγ “1. tourner, bifurquer, 2.
être tordu, 3. (fig.) être mal venu, mal fait, défectueux” [Dlh. 1984, 52], Iznasen
& Uriaghel & Senhazha e-fraγ “être courbe, tordu, sinueux” [Rns. 1932, 299] ||
EBrb.: Gdm. e-frəγ “être tordu” [Lanfry 1973, 98, #430] || SBrb.: Hgr. e-freγ
“n’être pas droit (dévier de la ligne droite)” [Fcd. 1951-2, 355-356] ||| ES:
Harari färäqa “to turn”, Amharic färäqa “to turn” (ES: Lsl. 1963, 64) ||| LECu.:
Afar firg-ite “to move convulsively (as of a newly slaughtered animal)”, firigedhe “to make involuntary uncontrolled movement, wave limbs without control,
move restlessly in pain, writhe” [PH 1985, 103] ||| NOm.: Gimira pirik-o (?)
“ritorna! (imprv.)” [CR 1925, 622] ||| WCh.: Ngizim vərJgàgənú “to roll along
ground” [Schuh 1981, 166] || CCh.: Mofu-Gudur -vəvrk- “(se) retourner, tourner”
[Brt. 1988, 250], Mafa vərk- “retourner (un récipient)” [Brt.-Bléis 1990, 370] |
Vulum f‘r‘k‘: fìrkì “to turn upside down (renverser, retourner)” [Trn. 1978,
293; Brt. 1995, 213]. From AA *[p]-r-k ~ *[p]-r-Q “to turn (drehen)” [GT]?
191. Brb. *f-r-γ
“to pierce” [GT]: NBrb.: Mzab fəl “percer, être percé” [Dlh.
1984, 48] | Qbl. f-l-w “percer” [Chaker 1973-79, 296] = flu “trouer, perforer”,
ti-fli, pl. ti-fli-w-in “petit trou” [Dlt. 1982, 204] || SBrb.: Hgr. f-l [GT]: ă-ta-fâla,
pl. i-ta-fâlâ-t-en “trou à eau à large bouche et où l’eau est presqu’à fleur de sol
(où il suffit de creuser le sol à moins de 0m, 50c de profondeur pour trouver de
l’eau)” [Fcd. 1951-2, 317] ||| PCu. *ful-/*fil- “to pierce, bore hole” [Ehret]: Bed.
filÊ(a) “to bore, pierce, deflower” [Rpr. 1928, 180] ||| LECu.: Oromo full-āw“to be perforated” [Ss.] = fullaÊa “to break through, pierce through” [Gragg
1982, 149] = fulla- “to pierce” [Ehret] | HECu.: Burji ful-á “hole” [Wdk. 197679, 171] = ful-ā+ “hole” [Ss.] || SCu.: Iraqw ful- “to bore a hole” [Ehret] (Cu.:
Ehret 1980, 322; Ss. 1982, 71; Dlg. 1987, 198, #19) ||| NOm.: Gimira kēč pēl
“buco nella casa” [CR 1925, 622] = Benesho pel “hole” [Wdk. 1990, 109] (Cu.Dache: Lmb. 1993, 303) ||| ECh. *p-l “to hollow out” [JS 1981, 140 C]: Tumak
pùūl “trou (grand)” [Cpr. 1975, 91] | Mokilko pôllè “1. fossé, 2. vallée” [Jng.
1990, 162].
192. Brb. *f-l-(w)
Lit.: HSED #830 (Oromo-Iraqw-Tumak); Ehret 1995, 105, #81 (PCu.-ECh.-Benesho
with false Eg.-Sem. comparanda).
193. SBrb.: Hgr. e-fel “déborder” [Fcd. 1951-2, 317] = ə-fəl “quitter, déborder
(liquide)” [Prs. 1969, 47, #169] ||| LECu.: Afar fùl-a “excellence, superiority”,
fule “to surpass” [PH 1985, 105] ||| WCh.: perhaps Hausa húlúlúú [hu < *fu]
178
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
“abundantly” [Abr. 1962, 391] || ECh.: Tumak pàl “dépasser” [Cpr. 1975, 89].
From AA *[f]-l “to exceed” [GT].
194. NBrb. *f-l “to weave” [GT]: Mzab fəl “ourdir un tissage”, ta-sə-flu-t, pl.
ti-sə-fla “chaînette (en tissage), fil formant des boucles autours des fils de
chaîne, tenants en boucles sur lesquels sont noués les bouts, extrémités des fils
de chaîne” [Dlh. 1984, 48] | Snh. fel “tisser” & Izn. a-s-fel “corde du turban”,
Izn. & Snh. i-filu, pl. i-fil-än “fil, fil de laine” (Zenet: Rns. 1932, 300) | Qbl. ise-ffil, pl. i-se-ffil-en “fil de trame qui recouvre plusieurs fils de chaîne, soit
exprès, pour un dessin ou une lisière, soit par erreur)” [Dlt. 1982, 203] ||| SCu.:
Qwadza pal- [l < *r reg.] “to twist fibers into cord, rope” [Ehret 1980 MS, 2;
1980, 147] ||| WCh.: Tangale peli “to twist, plait (rope, of two threads), bind
(hands), tie and take away, harden, stiffen” [Jng. 1991, 130]. From AA *p-l “to
plait, weave” [GT].
195. SBrb.: Hgr. ă-se-ffil, pl. i-se-ffîl-en “pâturage nouveau et frais” [Fcd.
1951-2, 317] ||| Sem.: perhaps Akk. papallu (j/spB) “Schößling, Zweig” [AHW
823] (unless it was a Sum. loan) (?) ||| Dem. ppj [reg. < *ppl] “kleiner, junger
Vogel” (DG 131) → Cpt.: (S) papoi, (SA2) papai (m) “junger Vogel, Kühen,
Huhn” (KHW 149) ||| NOm.: NMao pēll-i “vergine” [Grt. 1940, 358] ||| WCh.:
Angas pal “1. unripe, 2. fresh sprouts  or buds” [Flk. 1915, 259], Kofyar pél
“new, first” [Ntg. 1967, 32], Goemay pal “unripeness” [Srl. 1937, 172] | SBch.
*py-l “new” [GT] (SBch.: Smz. 1978, 44, #96; Csp. 1994, 27, 60) || CCh.: Gude
púl “very new” [Hsk. 1983, 260]. From AA *p-l “fresh, new” [GT].
B
P
B
P
196. NBrb.: Qbl. f-l-y: ta-fuli “insolation” [Dlt. 1982, 203] ||| WCh.: Hausa fàl
“shining brightly”, fàlfàlnííyáá (Skt.) “1. brightness (of lamp), 2. sheen, gloss”,
fàlàù “shining brightly” [Abr. 1962, 246]. From AA *P-l “to shine” (either *p-l
or *f-l) [GT].
197. SBrb.: Hgr. felelli “être fix et grand ouvert” [Fcd. 1951-2, 325] ||| HECu.:
Qabenna fīll-oÊ “to split, crack, tear” [Lsl. 1988, 188] ||| CCh.: Zelgwa pla
“ouvrir” [Mch. 1953, 181] || ECh.: WDangla pílè “ouvrir” [Fédry 1971, 64],
EDangla pìlē “ouvrir, échancrer, entrouvrir, trouer, béer” [Dbr.-Mnt. 1973,
244]. AA *f-l (or *p-l) “to open” [GT].
U
198. EBrb.: Audjila t-fílli ~ t-fíllī, pl. t-fill-iw-în “casa” [Prd. 1960, 162] ||
U
SBrb.: EWlm. & Ayr tă-fala, pl. EWlm. ši-fal-iw-en, Ayr ti-fala-w-en “hangar,
tente/maison provisoire” [PAM 60] ||| LECu.: (?) Oromo ful-ō “entrata al
recinto” [Venturino in Ss. 1982, 71] ||| ECh.: Lele pàĺ “hangar” [WP 1982, 75].
From AA *[p]-l “1. hangar, 2. house” [GT].
SOME BERBER ETYMOLOGIES IV
179
199. NBrb.: Mzab a-fli, pl. i-fəly-an “1. miette, petit morceau, 2. grain
concassé de blé, etc., brisure de grains” [Dlh. 1984, 49] || SBrb.: EWlmd. te-fel,
pl. ši-fel-en “1. pièce de métal, 2. pièce de monnaie” [PAM 60] ||| perhaps Eg.
pj.w [-j- reg. < *-l-] (pl.) (grains det.), occurs in: pj.w nbs “Christusdornbeere”
(GHWb 273) ||| WCh.: Mupun píl “lump of food” [Frj. 1991, 49] || CCh.: MofuGudur fafəla “1. boule (de mil, terre, tabac), 2. botte (de foin)” [Brt. 1988, 112]
|| ECh.: Somray pālā (m) “motte de terre”, cf. pw7lè ~ pólè (coll.) “tubercule
(nom gén.)” [Jng. 1993 MS, 50, 52]. From AA *p-l “lump, (small round) piece
of sg.” [GT]?
200. SBrb.: EWlm. e-fəli ~ a-, pl. i-făl-an “canal d’arrosage” [PAM 61] |||
ECh.: Migama píláw “abreuver” [JA 1992, 117].
201. SBrb. *ta-falal-t “muscle of neck” [GT]: Hgr. te-fâlel-t, pl. ti-fûlal
“muscle du cou (à la naissance du cou, entre le cou et l’épaule)” [Fcd. 1951-2,
325], EWlm. tă-falal-t, pl. ši-falal-en “muscle du cou” [PAM 62] ||| LECu.:
Saho-Afar: fill-a “neck” [Bnd.] ||| NOm.: Oyda afur-a “neck” [Bnd.] | Dizoid:
Sheko feri “neck” [Bnd.] = fori “neck or throat” [Flm. 1972 MS, 3], Nao feli
“neck” [Bnd.] = pēli “collo” [CR 1925, 615] (Saho-Afar-Dizoid: Bnd. 1971,
#56) ||| WCh.: Sura fέεl “Kehle” [Jng. 1963, 65], Mushere féel “throat” [Jng.
1999 MS, 5] || CCh.: Bura-Margi *fulam → *fulaŋ “throat” [GT]: Bura fulam,
Heba fulaŋ, Margi & Margi-Gwara fəvláŋ “Kehle” [Wolff 1974-75, 201], Hildi
fulàŋō (Bura-Margi: Krf. 1981). From AA *f-l “neck, throat” [GT] = *pVl“neck” (?) [Blz.].
Lit.: see also Blz. 1989 MS Om., 24, #83 (Dizoid-LECu.-CCh.).
202. SBrb. *fallas [GT]: Hgr. felles “n’être bon à rien” [Fcd. 1951-2, 329],
EWlm. & Ayr fãllăs “1. faillite, 2. échouer, 3. être déshonoré, se déshonorer,
commetre une bassesse” [PAM 62] ||| ECh.: WDangla pàllìsè “1. être en mauvais
état, 2. être appauvri” [Fédry 1971, 58], EDangla pàllìsē “être très fatigué, être
abîmé, être en panne” [Dbr.-Mnt. 1973, 236]. From AA *p-l-s “to be in bad
condition (or sim.)” [GT]?
203. NBrb. *f-l-k [GT]: Mzab filəč ~ filəš, pl. i-fəlč-ən ~ i-fəlč-aw-ən [č < *k
reg.] “quenouille” [Dlh. 1984, 48] ||| (?) OEg. fnh<.wj [if < *flh<] (dual) “les
cordes (?)” (CT VII 240p, AL 78.1573) = “*die Stricke” (GHWb 306) ||| LECu.:
Somali fálaq “Geflecht, Flechtwerk”, hence falq-ī (caus.) “ein Geflecht machen” [Rn. 1902, 151] = falkín-ayya “to plait (a mat)” [Abr. 1964, 76] = falk-i
“to weave” [Bell 1969, 166] ||| ECh.: Toram falg- “to make, braid a rope (cor-
180
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
der, tresser une corde)” [Alio 1988 MS, 29]. From AA *f-l-Q “to plait, braid
(rope)” [GT].
204. SBrb. *f-l-γ [GT]: Hgr. tă-felekk-at “lâcheté (manque complet de
courage)”, ă-felekka “homme ou animal lâche” [Fcd. 1951, 327] ||| Sem. *plh<
“to fear, respect” [GT]: Akk. palāh<u “sich fürchten, verehren” [AHW 812] ||
BAram. plh peal “verehren, dienen (Gotte)”, pālhān- (st.cstr.) “Gottesdienst,
Kultus” [GB 921] ||| CCh.: Gude palhə “to worship at pagan shrine or fetish”
[Hsk. 1983, 257] || ECh.:
Somray bəvlgəv [irreg. b-] (f) “timidité” [Jng. 1993 MS,

5]. From AA *p-l-q “1. to fear, 2. worship” [GT].
205. NBrb. *f-w [GT]: Shilh a-fāū “manteau” [Jst. 1914, 117] = (medieval) wefawwu “vêtement”, (modern) a-fawwu ~ a-faggu [-gg- < -ww-] “haïk” [Ksm.
1999, 102, #212] ||| Sem.: Gurage (Chaha & Endegeny & Gyeto) fwafwəyä
“toga” [Lsl. 1979, 229: no Sem. etymology] ||| Eg. fj “Art Kleiderstoff oder
Kleid” (NK, Wb I 576, 2) = “ein Kleiderstoff, Gewand” (GHWb 305) ||| CCh.:
Fali-Kiria pÊawā “man’s robe” [Krf. 1981, #270] | Mwulyen fwòyí “woman’s
body-cloth” [Krf. 1981, #271] = “loin-cloth” [Stl.]. From AA *f-w-y “part of
clothing” [GT]?
P
P
P
P
Lit.: the Mwulyen-Eg. etymology was first suggested in OS 1989, 134; 1992, 191;
HSED #823; Orel 1995, 144, #5. The source for the rest of this AA etymology is
EEWC.
[GT]: Izn. ti-fik-t [-k- seems reg. < *-y-] “entonnoir, orifice,
trou” [Rns. 1932, 289] ||| Eg. ph.w “ouvertures” (CT VI 94a, AL 78.1496) =
“Öffnungen” (GHWb 289) ||| CCh.: Margi pàhù “open”, pàpàhù “open(ed)”
[Hfm. in RK 1973, 135]. From AA *p-h “open(ing)” [GT].
206. NBrb. *f-[y]
U
U
P
P
U
U
P
P
U
U
U
U
“forest” [GT]: Hgr. ĕ-fei, pl. i-fei-en “lieu assez étendu boisé
de grands arbres (»forêt«)” [Fcd. 1951-2, 299], EWlm. & Ayr a-fãy, pl. i-fãyyăn “petite forêt”, Ayr te-făy-t, pl. ti-făyy-en “petit bois, bocage, lieu boisé,
group d’arbres” [PAM 73] ||| WCh.: Pero fuueÊ “tree” [Krf. 1981, #129] || CCh.
*fwa “tree” [GT] (CCh.: Wolff 1971, 66, 69, 71; Krf. 1981, #129). From AA
*f-w ~ *f-y (perhaps *fway-?) “tree” [GT].
207. SBrb. *a-fay
P
P
P
P
Gábor Takács
Semmelweis u. 19.6./1.
H – 8000 Székesfehérvár
fax 36-22-318-946
[[email protected]]
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
181
Abbreviations of languages
(A): Ahmimic, (A2): “Subahmimic” (Asyutic), aA: altassyrisch, AA: AfroAsiatic (Semito-Hamitic), aB: altbabylonisch, aAK: altakkadisch, Akk.: Akkadian, Amr.: Ammart, Aram.: Aramaic, Ass.: Assyrian, (B): Bohairic, BA(ram.):
Biblical Aramaic, Bab.: Babylonian, Bed.: Bedawye (Beja), BH(br.): Biblical
Hebrew, BM: Bura-Margi, Bqy.: Iboqqoyen, Brb.: Berber, Ch.: Chadic, Cpt.:
Coptic, CT: coffin texts, Cu.: Cushitic, Dem.: Demotic, E: East(ern), ES & Eth.Sem.: Ethio-Semitic, Eg.: Egyptian, ESA: Epigraphic South Arabian, Eth.:
Ethiopian (dynasties), (F): Fayyumic, Gdm.: Ghadames, GR: Ptolemaic and
Roman period, Grg.: Gurage, H: Highland, HECu.: Highland East Cushitic,
Hgr.: Ahaggar, Hrs.: Harsusi (Harsūsi), IA(ram.): Imperial Aramaic, JA(ram.):
Jewish Aramaic, jB: Jungbabylonisch, Jbl.: Jibbali or Shahri (Shawri, Ŝhεrí), L:
Late, L: Lowland, (L): Lycopolitean, LECu.: Lowland East Cushitic, Lit.:
literary texts, LE(g.): Late Egyptian, lit.: literature or literary, LL: lexical list,
LP: Late (Third Intermediate) Period, M: Middle, mA: mittelassyrisch, Mag.:
Magical, Mat.: mathematical papyri, mB: mittelbabylonisch, Med.: medical
texts, MEg.: Middle (Classical) Egyptian, Mhr.: Mehri, MK: Middle Kingdom,
Msq.: Masqan, Mzg.: Tamazight, N: New, N: North(ern), nA: neuassyrisch, nB:
neubabylonisch, NBch.: North Bauchi, NE(g.): New Egyptian, Nfs.: Nefusa,
NK: New Kingdom, Nsl(m).: Taneslemt, O: Old, (O): Old Coptic, OA(ss.): Old
Assyrian, OEg.: Old Egyptian, OK: Old Kingdom, Om.: Omotic, Omt.: Ometo,
OSA: Old South Arabian, PBH(br.): Post-Biblical Hebrew, Phn.: Phoenician,
PT: pyramid texts, Pun.: Punic, Qbl.: Qabyle, Qtb.: Qatabanian, rel.: religious,
RT: rel. texts of the Theban royal tombs, S: South(ern), (S): Sahidic, Sab.:
Sabaean, SBch.: South Bauchi, Sem.: Semitic, Sgr.: Ait Seghrushen, Snh.:
Senhazha, spB: spätbabylonisch, Sqt.: Soqotri, Syr.: Syriac, Tna.: Tigrinya,
Trg.: Tuareg, Ulb.: Ulbarag (Urbarag), Urg.: Ait Uriaghel, W: West(ern),
Wlm(d).: Tawllemmet, Zng.: Zenaga.
B
B
Abbreviations of author names
Abr.: Abraham, AJ: Alio & Jungraithmayr, AMS: Amborn & Minker & Sasse,
Apl.: Appleyard, Aplg.: Applegate, Bgn.: Beguinot, BK: Bieberstein &
Kazimirsky, Blv.: Belova, Bnd.: Bender, Brn.: Brunet, Brt.: Barreteau, Cpr.:
Caprile, CR: Conti Rossini, Crl.: Cerulli, Csp.: Cosper, Ctc.: Caitucoli, Dlg.:
Dolgopolsky, Dlh.: Delheure, Dlt.: Dallet, DM: Djibrine & Montgolfier, Dst.:
Destaign, Ebs.: Ebobisse, Ehr.: Ehret, Fcd.: Foucauld, Flk.: Foulkes, Flm.:
Fleming, Frj.: Frajzyngier, Frz.: Fronzaroli, GB: Gesenius & Buhl, Grt.:
Grottanelli, GT: Takács, Hds.: Hudson, Hfm.: Hoffmann, Hlw.: Hellwig, Hsk.:
182
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
Hoskison, Hyw.: Hayward, JA: Jungraithmayr & Adams, JI: Jungraithmayr &
Ibriszimow, Jng.: Jungraithmayr, Jns.: Johnstone, JS: Jungraithmayr & Shimizu,
Jst.: Justinard, KB: Koehler & Baumgartner, Kmr.: Kammerzell, Krf.: Kraft,
Ksm.: Kossmann, Kwh.: Kleinewillinghöfer, Lks.: Lukas, Lmb.: Lamberti,
Lnf.: Lanfry, Lns.: Lenssen, LS: Lamberti & Sottile, Lsl.: Leslau, Lst.: Laoust,
Mch.: Mouchet, Mgw.: Maghway, Mkr.: Mukarovsky, Mnh.: Meinhof, Mrn.:
Moreno, MSkn.: Margaret Skinner, Ncl.: Nicolas, Ntg.: Netting, Nwm: Newman, OS: Orel & Stolbova, PAM: Prasse & Alojaly & Mohamed, PH: Parker &
Hayward, Pnc.: Penchoen, Prs.: Prasse, RB: Rapp & Benzing, RK: Reutt &
Kogan, Rn.: Reinisch, Rns.: Renisio, Rpr.: Roper, Rsg.: Rossing, Sbr.: Siebert,
Scn.: Sachnine, Skn.: Neil Skinner, Smz.: Shimizu, Srl.: Sirlinger, Ss.: Sasse,
Stl.: Stolbova, Str.: Strümpell, Trn.: Tourneux, TSL: Tourneux & Seignobos &
Lafarge, Vcl.: Vycichl, Wdk.: Wedekind, WP: Weibegué & Palayer, Wtl.:
Whiteley, Zbr.: Zaborski, Zhl.: Zyhlarz.
Literature
Abraham, R. C.: Dictionary of the Hausa Language.2 London, 1962, University
of London Press.
Abraham, R. C.: Somali-English Dictionary.2 London, 1964, University of
London Press Ltd.
AL I = Meeks, D.: Année lexicographique. Égypte ancienne. Tome 1 (1977).
2ème édition. Paris, 1998, Cybele.
AL II = Meeks, D.: Année lexicographique. Égypte ancienne. Tome 2 (1978).
2ème édition. Paris, 1998, Cybele.
AL III = Meeks, D.: Année lexicographique. Égypte ancienne. Tome 3 (1979).
2ème édition. Paris, 1998, Cybele.
ALC 1978 = Angas Language Committee (in Cooperation with Nigeria Bible
Translation Trust): Shək nkarŋ kè shəktok mwa nTən Ngas. Ngas-HausaP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
English Dictionary with Appendix Showing Some Features of Ngas Grammar. Jos, Nigeria, 1978, Nigeria Bible Translation Trust.
AHW = Soden, W. von: Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. I-III. Wiesbaden, 1965-
1981, Otto Harrassowitz.
Alio, Kh.: Allgemeine Kulturwortliste vom Toram. MS. Frankfurt a/M, 28
August 1988. 32 p.
Alio, Kh. & Jungraithmayr, H.: Lexique bidiya. Frankfurt am Main, 1989,
Vittorio Klostermann.
Alojaly, Gh.: Lexique touareg-français. Copenhague, 1980, Akademisk Forlag.
AMS = Amborn, H. & Minker, G. & Sasse, H.-J.: Das Dullay. Materialien zu
einer ostkuschitischen Sprachgruppe. Berlin, 1980, Reimer Verlag.
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
183
Applegate, J. R.: An Outline of the Structure of Shilha. New York, 1958,
American Council of Learned Societies.
Barreteau, D.: Aspects de la morphologie nominale du mofu-gudur. = Caprile,
J.-P. & Jungraithmayr, H. (eds.): Préalables à la reconstruction du prototchadique. Paris, 1978, SELAF. Pp. 95-113.
Barreteau, D.: Structure du lexème verbal en mofu-gudur. = Caprile, J.-P. &
Jungraithmayr, H. (eds.): Préalables à la reconstruction du prototchadique. Paris, 1978, SELAF. Pp. 115-142.
Barreteau, D.: Description du mofu-gudur. Langue de la famille tchadique parlée
au Cameroun. Livre II. Lexique. Paris, 1988, Éditions de l’ORSTOM.
Barreteau, D.: Vowel and Tonal Variations within the Consonantal Framework
of the Verbal System in Central Chadic Languages. = Ibriszimow, D. &
Leger, R. (eds.): Studia Chadica et Hamitosemitica. Köln, 1995, Rüdiger
Köppe Verlag. Pp. 197-228.
Barreteau, D. & Bléis, Y.: Lexique mafa. Langue de la famille tchadique parlée
au Cameroun. Paris, 1990, ORSTOM, Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
Barreteau, D. & Brunet, A.: Dictionnaire mada. Berlin, 2000, Dietrich Reimer.
Barreteau, D. & Jungraithmayr, H.: Les verbes monoradicaux dans les langues
tchadiques. = Jungraithmayr, H. & Tourneux, H. (eds.): Études tchadiques.
Verbes monoradicaux suivis d’une note sur la negation en haoussa. Actes
de la XIIème réunion de Groupe d’Études Tchadiques LACITO-CNRSPARIS. Paris, 1990, Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner. Pp. 37-214.
BED = Anonymous: Bura-English Dictionary. (Place unknown), 1953, (publisher unnamed). Master copy in the library of the Seminar für Afrikanische Sprachen und Kulturen der Universität Hamburg (inv. no.: 15 748 / JT
1526).
Beguinot, F.: Il berbero Nefûsi di Fassâto. Roma, 1942, Istituto per l’Oriente.
Bell, C. R. V.: The Somali Language.2 London, 1969, Longmans, Green and Co.
Belova, A. G.: La structure de la racine afroasiatique. Le cas d’extension
phonétique. = Ebermann, E. & Sommerauer, E. R. & Thomanek, K. É.
(eds.): Komparative Afrikanistik: Sprach-, geschichts- und literaturwissenP
P
P
P
schaftliche Aufsätze zu Ehren von Hans G. Mukarovsky anlässlich seines
70. Geburtstags. Wien, 1992, Afro-Pub. Pp. 15-20.
Belova, A. G.: Omonimija v arabskom korneslove i struktura semitskogo
kornja. = Jazyki Azii i Afriki: tradicii, sovremennoe sostojanie i perspektivy
issledovanij. Materialy konferencii (5-8 oktjabrja 1998 g.). Moskva, 1998,
Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Vostokovedenija. Pp. 11-15.
Bender, M. L.: The Languages of Ethiopia. A New Lexicostatistic Classification and Some Problems of Diffusion. = Anthropological Linguistics 13/5
(1971), 165-288.
184
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
Bender, M. L.: Proto-Omotic Phonology and Lexicon. = Bechhaus-Gerst, M.;
Serzisko, F. (eds.): Cushitic-Omotic. Papers from the First International
Symposium on Cushitic and Omotic Languages, Cologne, January 6-9,
1986. Hamburg, 1988, Helmut Buske Verlag. Pp. 121-159.
Bender, M. L.: Aroid (South Omotic) Lexicon. = Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere
38 (1994), 133-162.
Berlev, O.: Obščestvennye otnošenija v Egipte v épohu Srednego Carstva.
Moskva, 1978.
Bieberstein Kazimirski, A. de: Dictionnaire arabe-français. I-II. Paris, 1860,
Maisonneuve et Cie.
Blažek, V.: Omotic Lexicon in Afroasiatic Perspective: Body Parts Cognates.
MS. Paper presented at the II. International Symposium on Cushitic and
Omotic Languages, Torino, November 1989. 41 p.
CAD = The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Insitute of the University of
Chicago. Chicago, 1956-, Oriental Insitute of the University of Chicago.
Caïtucoli, C.: Schèmes tonals et morphologie du verbe en masa. = Caprile, J.-P.
& Jungraithmayr, H. (eds.): Préalables à la reconstruction du prototchadique. Paris, 1978, SELAF. Pp. 67-87.
Caïtucoli, C.: Lexique masa. Paris, 1983, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et
Technique.
Caprile, J.-P.: Lexique tumak-français (Tchad). Berlin, 1975, Verlag von
Dietrich Reimer.
Cerulli, E.: Note su alcune popolazioni sidāmā dell’Abissinia meridionale II:
i Sidama dell’Omo. = Rivista degli Studi Orientali 12 (1929), 1-69.
Cerulli, E.: Studi etiopici. II. La lingua e la storia dei Sidamo. Roma, 1938,
Istituto per l’Oriente.
Cerulli, E.: Studi etiopici. III. Il linguaggio dei Giangerò ed alcune lingue
Sidama dell’Omo (Basketo, Ciara, Zaissè). Roma, 1938, Istituto per
l’Oriente.
Cerulli, E.: Studi etiopici. IV. La lingua caffina. Roma, 1951, Istituto per
l’Oriente.
Chaker, S.: Les racines berbères triliteres à 3ème radicale alternante. = Comptes
Rendus du Groupe Linguistique d’Études Chamito-Sémitiques (GLECS)
18-23 (1973-1979), 293-303.
Conti Rossini, C.: Schizzo del dialetto saho dell’alta Assaorta in Eritrea. Roma,
1913, Tipografia della R. Accademia dei Lincei.
Conti Rossini, C.: Sui linguaggi dei Naa e dei Ghimirra (Sce) nell’Etiopia
Meridionale. = Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Classe di
Scienze morali, storiche e filologiche, ser. VI, vol. 1 (1925), 512-636.
Cooper, K. N.: Lexique zime-français. Vūn tàrí. Sarh (Tchad), 1984, Centre
d’Études Linguistiques.
P
P
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
185
Cosper, R.: South Bauchi Lexicon. A Wordlist of Nine South Bauchi (Chadic)
Languages and Dialects. Halifax, 1994, The Author (Saint Mary’s
University).
Dallet, J.-M.: Dictionnaire qabyle-français. Parler des At Mangellat (Algerie).
Paris, 1982, SELAF (Société d’études linguistiques et anthropologiques de
France).
Deines, H. & Grapow, H.: Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Drogennamen. Berlin,
1959, Akademie-Verlag.
Delheure, J.: Dictionnaire mozabite-français. Paris, 1984, Société d’Études
Linguistiques et Anthropologique de France (SELAF).
Destaing, E.: Interdictions de vocabulaire en berbère. = Mélanges René Basset.
Tome II. Paris, 1925, Éditions Ernest Leroux. Pp. 177-277.
Destaing, E.: Vocabulaire français-berbère (tachelhit du Soûs). Paris, 1938,
Éditions Ernest Leroux.
DG = Erichsen, W.: Demotisches Glossar. Koppenhagen, 1954, Ejnar Munksgaard.
Djibrine, B. A. Z. & Montgolfier, P. de (etc.): Vocabulaire dangaléat. Kawo
daŋla. (Place not indicated), around 1973, (publisher not indicated).
DLE = Lesko, L. H.: A Dictionary of Late Egyptian. Volume I, II, III, IV.
Berkeley, 1982, 1984, 1987, 1989. B.C. Scribe Publications.
Dolgopol΄skij, A. B.: Sravnitel΄no-istoričeskaja fonetika kušitskih jazykov. Moskva, 1973, Nauka.
Dolgopolsky, A. B.: South Cushitic Lateral Consonants as Compared to Semitic
and East Cushitic. = Jungraithmayr, H. & Müller, W. W. (eds.): Proceedings of the Fourth International Hamito-Semitic Congress. Amsterdam,
1987, John Benjamins. Pp. 195-214.
DRB = Naït-Zerrad, K.: Dictionnaire des racines berbères. Leuven & Paris,
since 1998, Peeters.
DRS = Cohen, D.: Dictionnaire des racines sémitiques ou attestées dans les
langues sémitiques. Fascicules 1-2. Paris & La Haye, 1970, Mouton.
Fascicule 3-. Leuven & Paris, 1993-, Peeters.
Ebert, K. H.: Sprache und Tradition der Kera (Tschad). Teil II. Berlin, 1976,
Dietrich Reimer.
Ebobisse, C.: Die Morphologie des Verbs im Ost-Dangaleat (Guera, Tschad).
Berlin, 1979, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
Ebobisse, C.: Les verbaux du dangaléat de l’est (Guera, Tchad). Lexiques
français-dangaléat et allemand-dangaléat. Berlin, 1987, Dietrich Reimer
Verlag.
EDE II = Takács, G.: Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian. Volume Two: b-, p-,
f-. Leiden, 2001, E. J. Brill.
186
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
EEWC = Egyptian etymological word catalogue. Data base. Székesfehérvár,
since 1994.
Eguchi, P. K.: Matériaux pour servir à l’étude de la langue hidé. Vocabulaire. =
Kyoto University African Studies 6 (1971), 195-283.
Ehret, Ch.: The Historical Reconstruction of Southern Cushitic Phonology and
Vocabulary. Berlin, 1980, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
Ehret, Ch.: Kw’adza Vocabulary. MS. Los Angeles, California, 1980. IV + 17 p.
Ehret, Chr.: Proto-Cushitic Reconstruction. = Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika
8 (1987).
Ehret, Ch. & Ali, M. N.: Soomaali Classification. = Labahn, T. (ed.): Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Somali Studies. Vol. 1.
Hamburg, 1984, Buske Verlag. Pp. 201-269.
Ehret, Ch. & Elderkin, E. D. & Nurse, D.: Dahalo Lexis and Its Sources. =
Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 18 (1989), 5-49.
FD = Faulkner, R. O.: A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford, 1962,
Clarendon Press.
Fédry, J. (avec la collaboration de Khamis, J. & o/Nedjei, M.): Dictionnaire
dangaleat (Tchad). Thése de 3ème cycle, Institut National des Langues et
Civilisations Orientales. Lyon, 1971, Afrique et Langage.
Fleming, H. C.: Asa and Aramanik: Cushitic Hunters in Masai-Land. =
Ethnology 8/1 (1969), 1-36.
Fleming, H. C.: Sheko Word List. MS. Ca. 1972. 10 p.
Foucauld, Ch. de: Dictionnaire touareg-français, dialecte de l’Ahaggar. Vol. IIV. Paris, 1951-1952, Imprimerie Nationale de France.
Foulkes, H. D.: Angass Manual. Grammar, Vocabulary. London, 1915, Kegan
Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co.
Frajzyngier, Z.: A Dictionary of Mupun. Berlin, 1991, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
Fronzaroli, P.: Studi sul lessico comune semitico. II. Anatomia e fisiologia. =
Rendiconti delle Sedute dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di
scienze morali, storiche e filologiche. Ser. VIII, vol. XIX, fasc. 7-12
(1964), 243-280.
GB = Gesenius, W. (bearbeitet von Buhl, F.): Hebräisches und aramäisches
Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testment. Unveränderter Neudruck der
1915 erschienenen 17. Auflage. Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg, 1962,
Springer-Verlag.
GHWb = Hannig, R.: Grosses Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch (2800-950
v. Chr.). Mainz, 1995, Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
Gragg, G.: Oromo Dictionary. East Lansing, Michigan, 1982, Michigan State
University.
Grottanelli, V. L.: Missione etnografica nel Uollega Occidentale. Volume
primo. I Mao. Roma, 1940, Reale Accademia d’Italia.
P
P
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
187
Harries, J.: Tamazight Basic Course. Ait Mgild Dialect. Final Report. Madison,
Wisconsin, 1974, University of Wisconsin.
Hayward, R. J.: Bayso Revisited: Some Preliminary Linguistic Observations. II.
= Bulletin of the School of African and Oriental Research 62 (1979), 101132.
Hayward, D. (= R. J.): The Arbore Language: A First Investigation Including a
Vocabulary. Hamburg, 1984, Helmut Buske Verlag.
HCVA 1 = Diakonoff, I. M.; Belova, A. G.; Militarev, A. Ju.; Porhomovskij, V.
Ja.; Stolbova, O. V.: Historical Comparative Vocabulary of Afrasian. Part
1. = St. Petersburg Journal of African Studies 2 (1993), 5-28.
Heine, B.: Notes on the Yaaku Language (Kenya). = Afrika und Übersee 58/2
(1975), 119-138.
Heine, B.: Notes on the Rendille Language. = Afrika und Übersee 59 (1976),
176-223.
Heine, B.: Bemerkungen zur Boni-Sprache (Kenia). = Afrika und Übersee 60
(1977), 242-295.
Heine, B.: The Sam Languages. A History of Rendille, Boni and Somali. =
Afroasiatic Linguistics 6/2 (1978), 23-115.
Heine, B.: Boni Dialects. Berlin, 1982, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
Hellwig, B.: Goemai-English-Hausa Dictionary. MS. Draft. Printed out on 20
August 2000. 42 p.
Hoffmann, C.: Zur Sprache der Cibak. = Lukas, J. (ed.): Afrikanistische Studien.
Berlin, 1955, Akademie-Verlag. Pp. 118-143.
Holma, H.: Die Namen der Körperteile im Assyrisch-Babylonischen. Eine
lexikalisch-etymologische Studie. = Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia. Sarja B. Nid. 7. No. 1 (1911), 1-183.
Hoskison, J. T.: A Grammar and Dictionary of the Gude Language (Chadic).
Ph.D. dissertation. 1983, The Ohio State University.
HSED = Orel, V. É. & Stolbova, O. V.: Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary. Leiden, 1995, E. J. Brill.
Hudson, G.: Highland East Cushitic Dictionary. Hamburg, 1989, Buske.
Johnstone, T. M.: Harsūsi Lexicon. London, 1977, Oxford University Press.
Johnstone, T. M.: Jibbāli Lexicon. London, 1981, Oxford University Press.
Johnstone, T. M.: Mehri Lexicon. London, 1987, University of London.
Jungraithmayr, H.: Die Sprache des Sura (Maghavul) in Nordnigerien. = Afrika
und Übersee 47 (1963), 8-89, 204-220.
Jungraithmayr, H.: Die Ron-Sprachen. Tschadohamitische Studien in Nordnigerien. Glückstadt, 1970, Verlag J. J. Augustin.
Jungraithmayr, H.: Dictionnaire birgit-français. MS. 1973.
Jungraithmayr, H.: The Zime Dialect Cluster (“Kado”, “Dari”) in Southern
Chad: Its Verbal Aspect System. = Afrika und Übersee 61/1 (1978), 1-27.
188
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
Jungraithmayr, H.: Lexique mokilko. Berlin, 1990, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
Jungraithmayr, H.: Lexique mubi-français (Tchad oriental). MS. Frankfurt a/M,
1990. 50 p.
Jungraithmayr, H. (in collaboration with N. A. Galadima and U. Kleinewillinghöfer): A Dictionary of the Tangale Language (Kaltungo, Northern
Nigeria) with a Grammatical Introduction. Berlin, 1991, Dietrich Reimer
Verlag.
Jungraithmayr, H.: On Vowel Systems in Chadic. A Typological Overview. =
Folia Orientalia 29 (1992-1993), 119-129.
Jungraithmayr, H.: Lexique sibine (sumray)-français. MS. Frankfurt a/M, 1993.
67 p.
Jungraithmayr, H. & Adams, A.: Lexique migama. Berlin, 1992, Dietrich
Reimer Verlag.
Jungraithmayr, H. & Ibriszimow, D.: Chadic Lexical Roots. Volume I. Tentative Reconstruction, Grading, Distribution and Comments. Berlin, 1994,
Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
Jungraithmayr, H. & Ibriszimow, D.: Chadic Lexical Roots. Volume I.
Documentation. Berlin, 1994, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
Jungraithmayr, H. & Shimizu, K.: Chadic Lexical Roots. Vol. II. Tentative
Reconstruction, Grading and Distribution. Berlin, 1981, Verlag von
Dietrich Reimer.
Jungraithmayr, H.: Mushere Vocabulary. Preliminary version composed on the
basis of one part (the first 70 pages) of the material “Mushere Sprichwörter”. MS. Frankfurt a/M, 1999. 20 p.
Justinard, (?): Manuel de berbère marocain (dialecte chleuh). Paris, 1914,
Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
Kammerzell, F.: Panther, Löwe und Sprachentwicklung im Neolithikum.
Bemerkungen zur Etymologie des ägyptischen Theonyms M3fd.t, zur
Bildung einiger Raubtiernamen im Ägyptischen und zu einzelnen Grosskatzenbezeichnungen indoeuropäischer Sprachen. Göttingen, 1994, Semi-
nar für Ägyptologie und Koptologie, Göttingen.
KHW = Westendorf, W.: Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg, 1977, Carl
Winter Universitätsverlag.
Kleinewillinghöfer, U.: Aspects of Vowel Harmony in Waja and Tangale-Waja
Common Vocabulary. = Frankfurter Afrikanistische Blätter 2 (1990), 93106.
Koehler, L. & Baumgartner, W.: The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old
Testament. I-V. Leiden, 1994, E. J. Brill.
Kossmann, M.: Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère. Köln, 1999, Rüdiger
Köppe Verlag.
Kraft, Ch. H.: Chadic Wordlists. I-III. Berlin, 1981, Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
189
Lamberti, M.: Die Shinassha-Sprache. Materialien zum Boro. Heidelberg,
1993, Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.
Lamberti, M.: Materialien zum Yemsa. Heidelberg, 1993, Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.
Lamberti, M. & Sottile, R.: The Wolaytta Language. Köln, 1997, Rüdiger
Köppe Verlag.
Lanfry, J.: Ghadames. II. Glossaire. Alger, 1973, Le Fichier Periodique.
Laoust, E.: Siwa. I. Son parlier. Paris, 1931, Librairie Ernest Leroux.
Leger, R.: Sprachproblem aus dem Westtschadischen. Kupto- und Kwamitexte.
= Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 28 (1992), 5-32.
Lenssen, T.: Studien zum Verb im Kwang (Tschad). = Africana Marburgensia
Sonderheft 8 (1984).
Leslau, W.: Lexique soqotri (sudarabique moderne), avec comparaisons et
explications étymologiques. Paris, 1938, Librairie C. Klincksieck.
Leslau, W.: A Dictionary of Moča (Southwestern Ethiopia). Berkeley, Los
Angeles, 1959, University of California Press.
Leslau, W.: Etymological Dictionary of Harari. Berkeley, Los Angeles, 1963,
University of California.
Leslau, W.: Hebrew Cognates in Amharic. Wiesbaden, 1969, Otto Harrassowitz.
Leslau, W.: Etymological Dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic). Vol. III.
Etymological Section. Wiesbaden, 1979, Otto Harrassowitz.
Leslau, W.: Comparative Dictionary of Ge² ez (Classical Ethiopic). Wiesbaden,
1987, Otto Harrassowitz.
Leslau, W.: Analysis of the Ge²ez Vocabulary: Ge²ez and Cushitic. = Rassegna
di Studi Etiopici 32 (1988), 59-109.
Leslau, W.: Observations on Sasse’s Vocabulary of Burji. = Afrika und Übersee
71 (1988), 177-203.
Lukas, J.: Die Logone-Sprache im Zentralen Sudan. = Abhandlungen für die
Kunde des Morgenlandes 21/6 (1936).
Lukas, J.: Zentralsudanische Studien. = Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiet der
Auslandskunde. Hansische Universität. Reihe B, Band 45, Band 24 (1937).
Lukas, J.: Studien zur Sprache der Gisiga (Nordkamerun). Hamburg, 1970,
Verlag J. J. Augustin.
Lukas, J.: Tschadische Studien I. Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Mokulu. = Afrika
und Übersee 60 (1977), 1-58, 182-229.
Maghway, J. B.: Iraqw Vocabulary. = Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 18 (1989),
91-118.
Meinhof, C.: Linguistische Studien in Ostafrika. Fortsetzung. = Mitteilungen
des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen 9 (1906), 278-333.
190
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
Moreno, M. M.: Manuale di sidamo. Grammatica, esercizi, testi, glossario.
Roma, 1940, Casa Editrice A. Mondadori.
Mouchet, J.: Vocabulaires comparatifs de quinze parlers du Nord-Cameroun. =
Bulletin de la Société d’Études Camerounaises 29-30 (1950), 5-74.
Mouchet, J.: Le parler daba: esquisse grammaticale précédée d’une note sur
l’ethnie daba, suivie de lexiques daba-français et français-daba. Yaoundé,
1966, R.E.C.
Mukarovsky, H. G.: Mande-Chadic Common Stock. A Study of Phonological
and Lexical Evidence. Wien, 1987, Afro-Pub.
Müller, W. W.: Review of Leslau, W.: Etymological Dictionary of Gurage
(Ethiopia). = Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
131/2 (1981), 396-404.
Netting, R. M.: Kofyar Vocabulary. MS. 1967.
Newman, P.: The Kanakuru Language. Leeds, 1974, The Institute of Modern
English Language Studies, University of Leeds in association with The
West African Linguistic Society.
Nicolas, F.: La langue berbère de Mauritanie. Dakar, 1953, Institut Français
d’Afrique Noire.
Nicolas, F.: Vocabulaires ethnographiques de la Tamâjeq des Iullemmeden de
l’est (Touâreg de la Colonie du Niger, Afrique Occidentale Française). =
Anthropos 52 (1957), 49-63, 564-580.
Orel, V. É. & Stolbova, O. V.: Čadsko-egipetskie izoglossy v oblasti kul΄turnoj
leksiki. = Lingvističeskaja rekonstrukcija i drevnejšaja istorija Vostoka.
Čast΄ 1. Moskva, 1989, Nauka. Pp. 131-136.
Orel, V. É. & Stolbova, O. V.: On Chadic-Egyptian Lexical Relations. =
Shevoroshkin, V. (ed.): Nostratic, Dene-Caucasian, Austric and Amerind.
Bochum, 1992, Brockmeyer. Pp. 181-203.
Orel, V. É.: From Hamito-Semitic to Ancient Egyptian: Historical Phonology. =
Folia Linguistica Historica 16/1-2 (1995), 143-155.
Parker, E. M. & Hayward, R. J.: An Afar-English-French Dictionary (with
Grammatical Notes in English). London, 1985, School of Oriental and
African Studies, University of London.
Penchoen, Th. G.: Tamazight of the Azt Ndhir (Afroasiatic Dialects, Volume 1).
Los Angeles, 1973, Undena Publications.
Prasse, K.-G.: A propos de l’origine de h Touareg (Tahaggart). = Det Kongelige
Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 43/3
(1969).
Prasse, K.-G. & Alojaly, Gh. & Mohamed, Gh.: Lexique touareg-français.
Copenhague, 1998, Museum Tusculanum Press, Université de Copenhague.
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
191
Rabin, Ch.: La correspondance d hébreu – d arabe. = Cohen, D. (ed.): Mélanges
Marcel Cohen. Paris, 1970, Mouton. Pp. 290-297.
Rapp, E. L. & Benzing, B.: Dictionary of the Glavdá Language. Frankfurt am
Main, 1968, Bible Society Franfurt am Main.
Reinisch, L.: Die Chamirsprache in Abessinien. II. Chamir-deutsches Wörterbuch. = Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Phil.-hist. Classe 106 (1884), 330-450.
Reinisch, L.: Die ²Afar-Sprache. II. = Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Phil.-hist. Classe 113/2 (1886), 795-916.
Reinisch, L.: Wörterbuch der Bilin-Sprache. Wien, 1887, Alfred Hoelder.
Reinisch, L.: Die Kafa-Sprache in Nordost-Afrika. II. Kafa-Deutsches Wörterbuch. = Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Phil.-hist. Classe 116 (1888), 251-386.
Reinisch, L.: Wörterbuch der Saho-Sprache. Wien, 1890, Alfred Hölder.
Reinisch, L.: Wörterbuch der Bedawye-Sprache. Wien, 1895, Alfred Hölder
Verlag.
Reinisch, L.: Die Somali-Sprache. II. Wörterbuch. Wien, 1902, Alfred Hölder
Verlag.
Renisio, A.: Étude sur les dialectes berbères des Beni Iznassen, du Rif et des
Senhaja de Sraïr. Grammaire, textes et lexique. Paris, 1932, Éditions
Ernest Leroux.
Reutt, T. E. & Kogan, E. Z.: Materialy po leksike jazykov margi i bura. = Bespiśmennye i mladopiśmennye jazyki Afriki. Moskva, 1973, Nauka. Pp. 83147.
Roper, E.-M.: Tu Bedawiε. An Elementary Handbook for the Use of Sudan
Government Officials. Hertford, 1928, Stephen Austin & Sons.
Rossing, M. O.: Mafa-Mada: A Comparative Study of Chadic Languages in
North Cameroun. Ph.D. dissertation. Wisconsin, 1978, University of
Wisconsin-Madison.
Sachnine, M.: Notes sur le zime (lame) parlé au Cameroun. = Africana
Marburgensia 9/1 (1976), 71-86.
Sachnine, M.: Liste lexicale en lamé du Cameroun. = Caprile, J.-P. & Jungraithmayr, H. (eds.): Préalables à la reconstruction du proto-tchadique.
Paris, 1978, SELAF. Pp. 195-201.
Sachnine, M.: Dictionnaire lamé-français. Lexique français-lamé. Paris, 1982,
SELAF.
Sasse, H.-J.: Galla /š/, /s/ und /f/. = Afrika und Übersee 58 (1975), 244-263.
Sasse, H.-J.: The Consonant Phonemes of Proto-East-Cushitic (PEC). = Afroasiatic Linguistics 7/1 (1979), 1-67.
Sasse, H.-J.: An Etymological Dictionary of Burji. Hamburg, 1982, Helmut
Buske Verlag.
U
U
192
GÁBOR TAKÁCS
Schuh, R. G.: A Dictionary of Ngizim. Berkeley, California, 1981, University of
California.
SED 1 = Militarev, A. & Kogan, L.: Semitic Etymological Dictionary. Volume
One. Anatomy of Man and Animals. Münster, 2000, Ugarit-Verlag.
SD = Beeston, A. F. L. & Ghul, M. A. & Müller, W. W. & Ryckmans, J.:
Sabaic Dictionary (English-French-Arabic). Dictionnaire sabéen (anglaisfrançais-arabe). Louvain-la-Neuve, Beyrouth, 1982, Peeters, Librairie du
Liban.
Shimizu, K.: The Southern Bauchi Group of Chadic Languages. A Survey
Report. = Africana Marburgensia. Special Issue 2 (1978), 1-50.
Siebert, R. & Wedekind, Ch.: Third S.L.L.E. Survey on Languages of the
Begi/Asosa Area. = Survey of Little-Known Languages of Ethiopia
(S.L.L.E.) Reports 15 (1994), 1-19.
Sirlinger, E.: Dictionary of the Goemay Language. Jos, Nigeria, 1937,
Prefecture Apostolic of Jos.
SISAJa I = D΄jakonov, I. M.; Belova, A. G.; Četveruhin, A. S.; Militarev, A. Ju.;
Porhomovskij, V. Ja.; Stolbova,  O. V.: Sravnitel΄no-istoričeskij slovaŕ afrazijskih jazykov. Vypusk 1. p-p-b-f. = Piśmennye pamjatniki i problemy
istorii kul΄tury narodov Vostoka. XV godičnaja naučnaja sessija Leningradskogo Otdelenija Instituta Vostokovedenija Akademii Nauk SSSR. Moskva, 1981, Nauka. Pp. 3-127.
Skinner, M. G.: Aspects of Pa’anci Grammar. Ph.D. thesis. Madison, 1979,
University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Skinner, N.: North Bauchi Chadic Languages: Common Roots. = Afroasiatic
Linguistics 4/1 (1977), 1-49.
Skinner, N.: Hausa Comparative Dictionary. Köln, 1996, Rüdiger Köppe
Verlag.
Stolbova, O. V.: Sravnitel΄no-istoričeskaja fonetika i slovaŕ zapadnočadskih jazykov. = Porhomovskij, V. Ja. (ed.): Afrikanskoe istoričeskoe jazykoznanie.
Problemy rekonstrukcii. Moskva, 1987, Nauka. Pp. 30-268.
Stolbova, O. V.: Akkadian-Chadic Cognates. MS. Paper presented at the 6th
International Hamito-Semitic Congress (Moscow, April 1994). 1 p.
Stolbova, O. V.: Studies in Chadic Comparative Phonology. Moscow, 1996,
“Diaphragma” Publishers.
Strümpell, F.: Wörterverzeichnis der Heidensprachen des Mandara-Gebirges
(Adamaua). = Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen 13 (1922-1923), 109149.
Takács, G.: Some Berber Etymologies. = Lingua Posnaniensis 38 (1996), 43-59.
Takács, G.: South Cushitic Consonant System in Afro-Asiatic Context. =
Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 61 (2000), 69-117.
P
P
SOME
BERBER
ETYMOLOGIES
IV
193
Tourneux, H.: Une langue tchadique disparue: le muskum. = Africana Marburgensia 10/2 (1977), 13-34.
Tourneux, H.: Le mulwi ou vulum de Mogroum (Tchad). Langue du groupe
musgu – famille tchadique. Paris, 1978, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique.
Tourneux, H.: Racine verbale en mulwi. = Caprile, J.-P. & Jungraithmayr, H.
(eds.): Préalables à la reconstruction du proto-tchadique. Paris, 1978,
SELAF. Pp. 89-93.
Tourneux, H. & Seignobos, Ch. & Lafarge, F.: Les Mbara et leur langue
(Tchad). Paris, 1986, Société d’Études Linguistiques et Anthropologiques
de France.
Tritton, A. S.: The Place of n in Forming Semitic Roots. = Bulletin of the School
of Oriental and African Studies 7 (1933-1935), 595-597.
Urk. IV = Sethe, K. & Helck, W.: Urkunden der 18. Dynastie. Heft 1-16 & 1722. Berlin, 1927-1930. & 1955-1958, Akademie-Verlag.
Voigt, R. M.: Die Wurzel i›š‛ (*i›θ‛) im Hebräischen sowie im Frühnord- und
Altsüdarabischen. = Zeitschrift für Althebraistik 10/2 (1997), 169-176.
Vycichl, W.: Über eine Klasse ägyptischer Verbum ult. j. = Zeitschrift der
Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 53 (1953), 373-377.
Vycichl, W.: Der bestimmte Artikel in der Bedja-Sprache. Seine Beziehungen
zum Ägyptischen und Berberischen. = Muséon 66 (1953), 373-379.
Wb = Erman, A.; Grapow, H.: Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. I-V.2
Berlin, 1957-1971, Akademie-Verlag.
Wedekind, K.: Sidamo, Gedeo (Derasa), Burji: Phonological Differences and
Likenesses. = Journal of Ethiopian Studies 14 (1976-1979), 131-176.
Wedekind, K.: Gimo-Jan or Ben-Yem-Om: Benč-Yemsa Phonemes, Tones, and
Words. = Hayward, R. (ed.): Omotic Language Studies. London, 1990,
SOAS. Pp. 68-141.
Weibegué, Ch. & Palayer, P.: Lexique lele-français. Sarh, Tchad, 1982, Centre
d’Études Linguistiques.
Whiteley, W. H.: A Short Description of Item Categories in Iraqw (with
Material on Gorowa, Alagwa and Burunge). Kampala, 1958, East African
Institute of Social Research.
Wolff, E.: Die sprachliche Situation im Gwoza-Distrikt (Nordostnigeria). =
Journal of African Languages 10/1 (1971), 61-74.
Wolff, E.: Sprachwandel und Sprachwechsel in Nordostnigeria. = Afrika und
Übersee 58/3-4 (1974-1975), 187-212.
Zaborski, A.: The Semitic External Plural in an Afroasiatic Perspective. = Afroasiatic Linguistics 3/6 (1976), 1-9 (111-119).
Zyhlarz, E.: Der Zenāga-Dialekt des Berberischen. = Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen 33 (1942-1943), 81-111.
P
P