Cours de Bases de données Examen écrit
Transcription
Cours de Bases de données Examen écrit
"!#%$&('*)+), /- .10325476894:27;=<96:>?A@B25<C4AD/EGFH49@B2I476AJCKML N<POHQSRUTV4CWYX(ZIFH[V\:@H4=\9@H4967]^._Q`Ra67@B2b@BRM4894:@B.1c1cd4A6:<POH[S2I<I4e67@B2fcd[V\:@H49c1cg4+hji`@B2I49Rk]RMQ`;AlUOU25<:RMQS;m4:]6:4CZ9]n._QSRU> o QSpV4CWGq92I4_8e4:]rZCQ`RMZ:.s6Il+;=[`.s6+OU25<CZ9.s6:> tvuxwy{z|V}I~vVgzISIy:}Cz* I|V}I|VM BykVz5Vy9 B{z5d}Iy:+:}5{y:}+ykVz5y By |V{y{z9|v}5}Iy{z5k|vH VvV5|v}5H|Vnu wekVz5y Byf B|v:y3zr B|Vdx9|VIy:g}+gy{zgB|V}ISId|vHzr9|Vk9y:}IHVv+dy3zrky{}Iz5|VHy{z{vgy{z{gMy{zy9gy{zSICkz y{}Iz5|VHyrky{B9I}5yH|V}I~v`HgzISIy:}3{H`}II}5yr|vGH |vy:H}{u`¡/|v}CHVyMy:}Cz5|VyvS|V9|vHz5y:}I¢Vy z5y{z*yHk|V£ y9+H}5{|V¤uV¥ygHz{V|v9|Vkz¦y{}5¢vygyx=:}I|e ByI:g:H|Vy By{z*|v}5~`szIS5y{}Cz/y9+ By3zV}5d5}Iy{z{`y: gy=:}I|Y `§=gsS5g|V( By{z¨ |VHy:}Czy:r y{z`}II}5y3z:u A |Vy{}yMy:r:5}Iy=y:Y}Iyyf Hy3dMyVu ª © H|Vv¯°n 3yv{HdMgybky}Iy3|Sz ¢+gy:g By{`5gdH«Hz5:yvHV }¤z5|V==|V:¤}I|u¬ Byf5z5{|VdH{H`d|v5yryV:u ~`gy:=y::|VHz5y:}I¢Vy{}jgyx|v Bygf¢gdgy®S¢gggV~Vy ª© H¤vV}5HyfI=}5y`y{ICz¦° By{{z¦z5xg~V:`}CfVM95|V{}5}xsz¦CHHvV}yf(=H`dI¢vCy{`u ± tS`²A«HHVdyvudugu´³y9xye HS5yvu ¡/ |VH}CHVy`ICv|V}I=gz*sf«Hk`gyVV|v B|Vd:|VHSµgI}5ygyxSCCvHy By:¢}C |Vy{}n 3dMyx¢s75|v}5gy:kz¦yvu ¥y(HdHz{/|V¶ B|Vdk|v¢V|vd}Y}5y:5}I|V¢vy:}Agy¤|V· y{zG{gky3z=vHrz5y¤z¦|vv=S¸U}5|v5:y3z:jgy(|v· By¤^ {gMy ¢s75|v}5gy:kz¦yf`gHz5vHybdybzI9|V}Iy«HH`¨ B¤=`ICu ±_v³(¥y{zIz¦gy:¹º» gV~V}C`==y¼y:5d53z ½P}Iy:sS5g|Vkz9|vB|V}I=yº¾%g¿ By{zI9}Id5g|Vª:½" By{zIz5Hz:u+¡}I{9sz5y:¹Àgy{z°9g{z By3zfy:Hz5y:Ydy3zf y{5d5{zfy:e By{zf}Iy:sSId|vHz:VdHz5*y=dy3z:|V5}C`g5y3z gvI:~v}5d5=:¢vy:5Hy:gdy{Gy{|v }Iy:}I{z5y:5{y{zr VHzrdye gV~V}C`==yÁÂeu ±k³(Á*¸Uy{95y{¹eg=:|V¢Vy{}Iz5d|v Bye:yf gV~V}C`==y¢vy:}Czrdyf=|B BÃ:gyb}5y{g`5g|VHy:nu ±^{³°¥|Vy{¹(Hy°:|V¢vy:}55}Iy By°^ y:kz¦y{Agy° y{zG B:My:H H`H:y{zA|VH95g|Vy{dgy{zGy:G B{ky{H `k9y{z=¾À¢®Vdy{}Cz AHIdgy{zz5`5sz _VIy{zrHV}xCHVy}5y{g`5g|V°|VBIy:yvuB¡}539sz¦y{¹fdy3zx9g{z BybCHvyf}5y{g`5g|Vu ²uı_v³(¥|Vy{¹bye B:«Hd5g|V°k|v}CHv9Hyf y{z|V}I=y{zr|v}5Vdy3zz5g¢S`5y3zft{Å/ÆeH²VÅ/ÆeHÇvÅjÆAHÈ © ÆÅu ±k³°Éa|vvI}5y{¹bvHyfz5azIC:G Byb}Iy:sS5g|V°y{z¦y:aÇVÅ/ÆABdy3z VHzIz¦y{¤²VÅjÆAu ±^{³°¥|Vy{¹eÀzIC{= ye}5y{g`5g|V¤y9ay:Hz5y:YgyA ByA B{ky{H VH9y3zz{ Ê(}IVk|v}¦C`5y{gzyegyAz5CH: Byb}Iy:sSId|v(z5|Vdxy:¤ÇVÅ/ÆË`szrHVzry{¤È © ÆÅ+u ÇHuÌ|Vgy: R(A, B, C, D) vz5C{ By}Iy:sSId|v( F S^ y:Hz5y:Ygyx By B:My:H H`H:y{zz5g¢®Vr AB → C D → C y9 A → D ρ(R1, R2) My B39|V=M|vz5Id|vº By R 5y{dgyvHy R1 = R1(A, D) y9 R2 = R2(B, C, D) y: r yf}5y{g`5g|V¤ ByezIC: R k®¢Vy{ r :|V5y{H`dy3z5Hdy3zxz¦Hd¢S`Czf Í È © ¥ ` Î H BsvHy:¹bz¦dy3zS§}5`5g|VHzr9d½" By{zIz¦|vHzrz¦|vr¢}C`gy{z|V°_VHz5z5y{z{uÏvHz I«ky:¹f¢V|z+}I:M|Vkz¦y3z:u ±_v³ r ¢V:}Id«Hy F u ±k³ ρ y3z 6:[SRH6+OH4:27]P4 M|VH} r u ±^{³ ρ y3z 6:[SRH6+OH4:27]P4O[`2b25[IOvOQ`27]xX F u ±_ H³ ρ ZCQSRH6:49270S4 F u Ð uı_v³(¥|Vy{¹¤ya B9«kId|v¿g5d5g¢Vy¤y:ya B9«kId|v%|v}5=y{dgy° :|VH:y:B By TV<"OH49RUTV[SRUZC4ºX0S[Scg49@B2C6 ;G@BcÑ]^. OUcd496 u ±k³ Í |vB5y{¹xgydkz*ky:5d|vA}Iy By5Hdy3z*M|vzIz¦ggyx¾sf}Iy:sS5g|V r 9d½P By3z5z5|Vkz/k|v}ydy3z B{ky{H `k9y{z ¾G¢S`gy:}CzrAd5ggy{z C B y9 AD C z5|Vgy:xz5`5sz _VIy{z{u Í È © ¥ V t ^± {³¤Ì|vfdyzIC:}5y{g`5g|Vy{ R(A, B, C, D) `kvHy:/|VVzIz¦|B9gyAn y:Hz5y:Ydy= By= B:My:k `H:y{zfz5d¢SVv= uHÆx|v}5Vdsz¦y{¹:ybz5C{Yy{ Ð Å/Æeu AB → C D → BC A → B A C ÒuÓ ;OMcd<:;=4:RH]"[S]n._QSRTV496AQIOH<925[`]^._Q`R6YTv4ec¦Ô [`c iÕ{q:254G254:cd[S]n._QSRkRM4:c1cd4 ±_v³(¥{9}Ig¢Vy:¹ By:BÖ==9I|B By{zk|v}y:¸My375Hy:}dy3z|VM:}CSId|vHz By B¸U:}Iy:k9yY± r1 − r2³*y9 By |vd± r1 on r2³7u ÌM{:«Hy{¹bg=:|V=gy9ÖBIe BybCHV:yb Bye:y{zr=9I|B By{z{u ±k³°¥{9}Ig¢Vy:¹agy{z9|Vk9y:Iz TÔ QS25TvQSRHRU[SRUZI4:;49Rk]TÔ @BR»4:R6:49;q:cd4TV4À]^25[`R6:[VZ:]n._QSR6 TÔ QS2ITVQSRkRM[`RMZC49;4:RH]Y69<:× \:@H49Rk]^._4:c y: TÔ QS2ITVQSRkRM[`RMZC49;4:RH]+69<C\:@H49Rk]^._[`cÑ.s6:[Vq:cd4 u ±^{³°¥{9}Ig¢Vy:¹fsG}5Ã{~Vgyf y{z By{BÖ(kVz5y{zr`gHz5ybz¦|v(BIdgd5Vu ØHuxwGHVz5yb Byb B|VH:y3z H¤:dH°3y{z¦5}Iyfy{z¦:|V=M|vz5:yb By{zx}5y{g`5g|VHzrz5d¢SVvIy{zf OM25QCOM27._<:]P[`.1254`ÙPRk@B;fÚxOM2IQIOkl+RMQS;YlOU25<9RUQS;Yl+[VT`25476C6:4 Û Ü Q{ZCÝV4:pBÙPRH@B;bÚ Ü Q{ZCÝV4:p®lRUQS;YlUOM25<:RMQ`;Al[vTS25496C6:4"Û ZIFH490S[ScÙP._T{ÚGZCF4:0S[Sc´lrRH@B;bÚxOM25QCOvÛ 0{._Z:]PQ`.1254VÙnRUQS;bÚ=ZIQ`@B2C6:47l+Tv[S]"47l._T{Ú=ZIFH490S[Sc´lRH@B;bÚ Ü Q{ZCÝV4:pCÛ Ì|Vgy:dy3zr}5y39Iy{zf ±_v³(Ây3Cy:}CCy:}rgyb|VÞy9xgyb}5{|Vß By{zj |BCVy{ÊBz®Ê`r~v`~vdkz¦gy:}Cz9|v}Cz¦y3z®¢vy{gy={GyeCHy:¢S`nu ±k³°Ây3Cy:}CCy:}rgyb|VÞy9x}I:|vÞ By3zr}5|v}Id:I`g}Iy{zr B|Vgy{zCy{¢®VBÖ |V*¦V=Vgzr~`~vHye9|v}Iz5yVu Á*ÖB}5g=y:¹bCHv9yb Bye:y{zr}Iy{:5y{zry{°Vd~vÃ:}Iy}5y{g`5g|Vy{dgyVBy{a:`s9H}5y{g`5g|Vy{½" B|v=VdHyy:ry{¼ÌHàwu á uÌ|VdHyfHVz5y Byb B|v{y{zr B{ H7Id¢vy:|VH:y:}IH`+H(y{Hz¦y{Agyf By}I{z5y{VBÖd|V}I=`5sy{zy9x:|V5y{H`+gy{z }5Ã{~Vgy{zrz¦Hd¢S`Iy{zf [VZCZC476C67._q9cg4`Ù_FJSl*FBL9ÛDg×2549694C[`@Ùn2CljFHJCÛ 25496:4I[`@ÙP2CljFL9Û [VZCZC476C67._q9cg4`Ù_FJSl*FBL9ÛDg×2549694C[`@Ùn2:JSljFJ7Û && i[S]"4:â[SpBÙP2:J®l2CL:Û & 2I476:4C[S@ÙP27L`l*FL9Û [VZCZC476C67._q9cg4`Ù_FJSl*FBL9ÛDg×2549694C[`@Ùn2:JSljFJ7Û & i[S]"4:â[SpBÙP27L`l29J7Û & 2I476:4C[S@ÙP27L`l*FL9Û [VZCZC476C67._q9cg4`Ù_FJSl*FBL9ÛDg×[VZCZC476C67._q:cd4`Ù_FHJ®lFBE7Û & [VZCZC496I67._q:cd4VÙFESlFL9Û wy=}I{ Bs:` reseau(r, h) y{z¦eºH}53 Bg{Sby9ÖIy:Hz5d|vy{vHy9ÖB}Id=y=gyY_VAys°VCgy h z¦yGI}5|v¢Vy z¦}+dy}53z¦y3` uwy}I{ g{S y{z¦+}53 Bs:S+y9Ö5y{Hz¦g|VHy:MvHky:ÖH}5g=yxdy_`d dky9ÖBsz Iy yb9|vy9ÖBg|Vr¤ Bg}5y375yfy{vI}5yfgateway(r1, gyb}53z¦y3` r1r2) y:xdyb}I{z5y{V r2 u ±_v³ © y9xy{Hz5y:AHdyb Byb}IÃ:~vdy3z+y3z 5½ng}I{9H}Iz5VãbÏvHz¦5d«Hy:¹vu ±k³°wy3z9|vH Bd5g|VHz Byez5ä}Iy9Ifz5|V5½ny{dgy{z}Iy:=gdy3zkãeÏvHz¦5d«Hy:¹vukàyfk|v¢Vy{¹9½P¢V|vHzy:¤ B{ BHd}Iy¨ã ±^{³ © |Vkz I}5sz5y:¹fdy ;Q{TvÕ9cg4A;G.1RH.1;G@B; B¤}I{ Bs:` accessible y:¤9|vHz5g B{}IVgy{zy:Ö5y:kz¦g|VHzr:½" By{zIz5|VHz{u 25496:4I[`@ å {`H BÊ i[S]"4:â[Sp t{Ø z5g}5|v å t{Ø t{Ø ~vvz I|V 3 t Ø ²Ð ² Ð y9Ö5}C Çv² Ê`|| ²