Bibliographie_ITS (pdf, 533 Ko)

 Bibliographie & Ressources Systèmes de Transports Intelligents (ITS) : Algorithmes et technologies Entrée en matière Quelques définitions : Intelligent transportation system Intelligent transport systems (ITS) are advanced applications which, without embodying intelligence as such, aim to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks. Although ITS may refer to all modes of transport, EU Directive 2010/40/EU of 7 July 2010 on the framework for the deployment of intelligent transport systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport defines ITS as systems in which information and communication technologies are applied in the field of road transport, including infrastructure, vehicles and users, and in traffic management and mobility management, as well as for interfaces with other modes of transport. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_transportation_system <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> Floating Car Data Le Floating car data (« données de véhicule flottant ») ou FCD est une méthode pour connaître le trafic sur le réseau routier. Elle est basée sur la collecte de données de localisation, de vitesse, de sens du déplacement des véhicules roulants. Ces données sont des sources essentielles pour l'information sur le trafic et plus encore pour les systèmes de transport intelligent ou STI. Cela signifie que tout véhicule équipé de manière approprié peut agir comme une sonde pour le réseau routier. À partir de ces données, les embouteillages peuvent être identifiés, les temps de parcours calculés et des rapports sur l'état du trafic peuvent être instantanément générés. Par opposition aux caméras de surveillance du trafic, aux systèmes de reconnaissance de plaques d'immatriculation et aux boucles de détection intégrées dans la chaussée, aucun matériel supplémentaire sur le réseau routier n'est nécessaire. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_Car_Data <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> Système de transport intelligent Les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) (en anglais Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)) désignent les applications des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication au domaine des transports. On les dit "Intelligents" parce que leur développement repose sur des fonctions généralement associées à l'intelligence : capacités sensorielles, mémoire, communication, traitement de l'information et comportement adaptatif. On trouve les STI dans plusieurs champs d'activité : dans l'optimisation de l'utilisation des infrastructures de transport, dans l'amélioration de la sécurité (notamment de la sécurité routière) et de la sûreté ainsi que dans le développement des services. L'utilisation des STI s'intègre aussi dans un contexte de développement durable : ces nouveaux systèmes concourent à la maîtrise de la mobilité en favorisant entre autres le report de la voiture vers des modes plus respectueux de l'environnement. Ils font l'objet d'une compétition économique serrée au niveau mondial. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_transport_intelligent <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> Urban Traffic Management and Control The Urban Traffic Management Control or UTMC programme is the main initiative of the UK Department for Transport (DfT) for the development of a more open approach to Intelligent Transport Systems or ITS in urban areas. UTMC systems are designed to allow the different applications used within modern traffic management systems to communicate and share information with each other. This allows previously disparate data from multiple sources such as ANPR cameras, Variable-­‐message sign (VMS), car parks, traffic signals, air quality monitoring stations and meteorological data, to be amalgamated into a central console or database. The idea behind UTMC is to maximise road network potential to create a more robust and intelligent system that can be used to meet current and future management requirements. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Traffic_Management_and_Control <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> Pour commencer Articles, billets de blog : [Page web] V-­‐Trafic -­‐ premier service à intégrer le Floating Mobile Data d’Orange comme source d’information trafic. Mediamobile, premier fournisseur de services d’information trafic en France, et Orange, premier opérateur français, annoncent la signature d'un accord pour utiliser des données de déplacements des mobiles anonymement au service de l’information trafic routier. Cette nouvelle source viendra enrichir les services V-­‐Trafic, édités par Mediamobile. http://www.orange-­‐business.com/fr/presse/communiques/success/mediamobile.html <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> Sohm, J. Kerzreho, JP., Hornych. P. et al. Acquisition des données à distance pour évaluer l'état d'une structure de chaussée: la route intelligente ? = Remote data acquisition to evaluate condition of a pavement structure: smart road? In Revue générale des routes et de l’aménagement, n° 901, pp. 38-­‐
43, 2012. La société Cofiroute, gestionnaire, entre autres, des autoroutes A10, A11, A71, A28, A85 et A81, réalise depuis quelques années la reconstruction des voies lentes sur la section du tronc commun A10/A11. Dans un souci de développement durable et d'économie des ressources, les travaux visent à réhabiliter cette voie en utilisant principalement les matériaux du site par un retraitement en place au ciment et un recyclage (à un taux de 30 %) des anciennes couches de chaussée: le taux de recyclage total dans la structure est de 70 %. Afin de suivre le comportement mécanique de ces travaux innovants, Cofiroute s'est rapproché de l'Unité structures de l'IFSTTAR (Institut français des sciences et techniques des transports, de l'aménagement et des réseaux, ex LCPC) pour mettre au point l'instrumentation de deux de ces sections, au moyen de différents capteurs, placés dans les couches de chaussées. La première section instrumentée a été construite en 2009 et la seconde en 2011. Pour la dernière section, un système innovant de suivi à distance de l'ouvrage a été mis en œuvre, en utilisant une plate-­‐forme d'instrumentation appelée Pegase, mise au point au sein de l'IFSTTAR. [Page web] -­‐ La route intelligente devient une réalité au congrès ITS de Vienne A partir d'aujourd'hui, et pendant toute la semaine, Vienne va devenir la capitale mondiale du transport intelligent. La cité autrichienne accueille en effet le 19ème congrès mondial ITS. Cet évènement, qui va réunir 10 000 personnes et qui va proposer à la fois une exposition et une quarantaine de démonstrations, concerne en partie l'automobile. Le congrès sera en effet l'occasion de montrer où en est la technologie de communication entre véhicules. Un concept en plein essor. http://voituredufutur.blogspot.fr/2012/10/la-­‐route-­‐intelligente-­‐devient-­‐une.html <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> [Page web] -­‐ A quoi ressemblera la « route intelligente » de demain ? in L’Expansion.com publié le 25/09/2009 La route de 5ème génération, capable de dialoguer avec les véhicules, verra le jour d'ici 10 à 20 ans. Le Laboratoire central des Ponts et Chaussées y travaille d'arrache-­‐pied. http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/high-­‐tech/a-­‐quoi-­‐ressemblera-­‐la-­‐route-­‐intelligente-­‐de-­‐
demain_201606.html <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> [Page web] -­‐ Colloque : La route intelligente : utopie ou réalité ? La route a tué 4274 personnes en France métropolitaine en 2008. Même si ce chiffre est en baisse constante depuis plusieurs années, il reste trop important. Pour réduire le nombre des accidents, on peut agir sur la vitesse, sur la sécurité, sur la fiabilité des voitures mais aussi sur la route. Le concept d’une « route intelligente » fait son chemin depuis quelques années. Fini les pavés, les chemins de terre, les vieux asphaltes et place à la route de demain ! Elle se veut intelligente et responsable. Cette route intelligente est au cœur des préoccupations des pouvoirs publics, motivés par les enjeux que représentent la sécurité routière, l’optimisation des infrastructures existantes et l’augmentation des services rendus aux usagers. On estime que la route intelligente pourrait réduire de 30 à 50% les accidents graves. Le concept de la route intelligente se doit de remplir plusieurs objectifs. http://la-­‐route-­‐intelligente.com/ <page consultée le 23 novembre 2012> Le coin des spécialistes Ouvrages Raol, J. Mobile intelligent autonomous systems, CRC Press, 2012. Going beyond the traditional field of robotics to include other mobile vehicles, Mobile Intelligent Autonomous Systems describes important theoretical concepts, techniques, approaches, and applications that can be used to build truly mobile intelligent autonomous systems (MIAS). It offers a comprehensive treatment of robotics and MIAS, as well as related disciplines, helping readers understand the subject from a system-­‐theoretic and practical point of view. Organized into three sections, the book progresses from conceptual foundations to MIAS and robotics systems and then examines allied technologies Roess, R. Prassas, E. McShane, W. Traffic engineering, Lavoisier, 2010. Traffic Engineering, 4e, is ideal for a one/two-­‐semester undergraduate survey, and/or for graduate courses on Traffic Engineering, Highway Capacity Analysis, and Traffic Control and Operations. This unique text focuses on the key engineering skills required to practice traffic engineering in a modern setting. It includes material on the latest standards and criteria of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices , the Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, the Highway Capacity Manual, and other critical references. It also presents both fundamental theory and a broad range of applications to modern problems. Disponible au Prêt-­‐entre-­‐Bibliothèque Button, K.J. Handbook of transport systems and traffic control, Pergamon Press, 2001. Transport is provided across a range of networks. These have grown with time as technology improvements and innovation have allowed individuals to develop new networks and refine systems that already exist. The past two hundred years in particular has seen real transformation, with steam power, the internal combustion engine and jet power revolutionizing transport. More recently, telecommunications has provided an alternative to travel and sometimes a complementary infrastructure that leads to increased travel. The current volume, the third in the acclaimed Handbooks in Transport series, is concerned with the broader nature of transport systems, and with the implementation of public policy across these systems. These are important issues at a time when problems such as urban traffic congestion, environmental intrusion, transport safety, and budgetary constraints are exercising the minds of policy makers. Disponible au Prêt-­‐entre-­‐Bibliothèque Buehler, M. ; Iagnemma, K. Singh, S. The Darpa urban challenge : autonomous vehicles in city traffic. Springer, 2009. This volume, edited by Martin Buehler, Karl Iagnemma and Sanjiv Singh, presents a unique and comprehensive collection of the scientific results obtained by finalist teams that participated in the DARPA Urban Challenge in November 2007, in the mock city environment of the George Air Force base in Victorville, California. This book is the companion of a previous volume by the same editors which was devoted to the Grand Challenge, which took place in the Nevada desert during October 2005, and was the second in the series of autonomous vehicle races sponsored by DARPA. The Urban Challenge demonstrated how cutting-­‐edge perception, control, and motion planning techniques can allow intelligent autonomous vehicles not only to travel significant distances in off-­‐road terrain, but also to operate in urban scenarios. Beyond the value for future military applications-­‐-­‐which motivated DARPA to sponsor the race-­‐-­‐the expected impact in the commercial sector for automotive manufacturers is equally, if not more, important: autonomous sensing and control constitute key technologies for vehicles of the future, and might help save thousands of lives that are now lost in traffic accidents. As with the previous STAR volume, the original papers collected in this book were initially published in special issues of the Journal of Field Robotics Disponible au service IST d’Inria Grenoble Rhône-­‐Alpes Articles Canudas De Wit. ; C. Ojeda, L.; . Kibangou A. Graph constrained-­‐CTM observer design for the Grenoble south ring, 13th IFAC Symposium on Control in Transportation Systems, Sofia, Bulgaria, Sep 2012 An important problem in traffic estimation, forecasting, and control is the reconstruction of densities in portions of the road links not equipped with sensors. In this paper, and based on ideas from Morarescu and Canudas-­‐de Wit [2011], we use a deterministic constrained model that reduces the number of possible affine dynamics of the system and preserves the number of vehicles in the network. In particular we reformulate the idea in Morarescu and Canudas-­‐deWit [2011] with the correct number of feasible modes, and introduce the concept of graph constrained-­‐CTM observer, which is used to reconstruct the densities from the Grenoble south ring use case that contains 45 cells organized in 9 links, and is simulated using a calibrated AISUM micro-­‐simulator. This work is performed in connection with HYCON2 traffic show case (www.hycon2.eu), and with the Grenoble Traffic Lab (GTL) (http://necs.inrialpes.fr/pages/reseach/gtl.php).http://hal.inria.fr/hal-­‐00728555 Rodgers, JK. Intelligent Transportation Systems in International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (IJECCE), Vol. 3, Issue 5, 2012 This paper heading "Intelligent Transportation Systems", gives you an idea of how intercommunication between two vehicles or the traffic surrounding could reflect in a less congested and efficient traffic flow. The integration of a simple microchips into vehicles will provide information about that particular vehicle which would be communicated to the traffic. This information would be then used by another computer to prioritize and manage traffic in a far more efficient manner. Example: The information of an ambulance will be different from that of a car. This will be recorded by the computer and the priority levels will be set. Along with the sensors on the road and the vehicle information the computer enables free flow of traffic. This technology is certain to provide safety as well as intelligent management of traffic on the road. http://ijecce.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJECCE-­‐804_final.pdf Accessible en ligne Carlson, R.C., Papamichail, I., Papageorgiou, M. Local feedback-­‐based main-­‐stream traffic flow control on motorways using variable speed limits. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 12, pp. 1261-­‐1276, 2011 Recent research has proposed mainstream traffic flow control (MTFC), enabled via variable speed limits (VSLs), as a novel motorway traffic management tool and has demonstrated its efficiency based on sophisticated optimal control methods that may face difficulties in practical field implementations. A simple local MTFC feedback controller is designed in this paper, taking into account a number of practical requirements and restrictions. The MTFC controller relies only on readily available real-­‐time measurements (no online model usage and no demand predictions are needed) and is therefore robust and suitable for field implementations. The controller is evaluated in simulation and compared with optimal control results. Despite its simplicity, the new controller’s performance is shown to approach the optimal control results while considering several practical and safety restrictions for a number of investigated scenarios. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=05873154 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria El Faouzi, NE. Leung, H. Kurian, A. Data fusion on intelligent transportation systems: progress and challenges – A survey in Information fusion, vol. 12, n° 1, pp. 4-­‐10, january 2011. In intelligent transportation systems (ITS), transportation infrastructure is complimented with information and communication technologies with the objectives of attaining improved passenger safety, reduced transportation time and fuel consumption and vehicle wear and tear. With the advent of modern communication and computational devices and inexpensive sensors it is possible to collect and process data from a number of sources. Data fusion (DF) is collection of techniques by which information from multiple sources are combined in order to reach a better inference. DF is an inevitable tool for ITS. This paper provides a survey of how DF is used in different areas of ITS. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566253510000643 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria Kouvelas, A., Aboudolas, K., Papageorgiou, M., Kosmatopoulos, E.B.: A hybrid strategy for real-­‐time traffic signal control of urban road networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 12,pp. 884-­‐894, 2011. The recently developed traffic signal control strategy known as traffic-­‐responsive urban control (TUC) requires availability of a fixed signal plan that is sufficiently efficient under undersaturated traffic conditions. To drop this requirement, the well-­‐known Webster procedure for fixed-­‐signal control derivation at isolated junctions is appropriately employed for real-­‐time operation based on measured flows. It is demonstrated via simulation experiments and field application that the following hold: 1) The developed real-­‐time demand-­‐based approach is a viable real-­‐time signal control strategy for undersaturated traffic conditions. 2) It can indeed be used within TUC to drop the requirement for a prespecified fixed signal plan. 3) It may, under certain conditions, contribute to more efficient results, compared with the original TUC method. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5729828 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria Wang, FY. Wang, K., Lin, WH. , Xu, X. Data-­‐driven intelligent transportation systems: a survey in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 12, n° 4, pp. 1624-­‐1639, dec. 2011. For the last two decades, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have emerged as an efficient way of improving the performance of transportation systems, enhancing travel security, and providing more choices to travelers. A significant change in ITS in recent years is that much more data are collected from a variety of sources and can be processed into various forms for different stakeholders. The availability of a large amount of data can potentially lead to a revolution in ITS development, changing an ITS from a conventional technology-­‐driven system into a more powerful multifunctional data-­‐driven intelligent transportation system (D2ITS) : a system that is vision, multisource, and learning algorithm driven to optimize its performance. Furthermore, D2ITS is trending to become a privacy-­‐aware people-­‐centric more intelligent system. In this paper, we provide a survey on the development of D2ITS, discussing the functionality of its key components and some deployment issues associated with D2ITS Future research directions for the development of D2ITS is also presented. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5959985&tag=1 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria Dimitrakopoulos, G . Intelligent transportation systems in Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE, vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 77-­‐84, march 2010. The increasing need for mobility has brought about significant changes in transportation infrastructures. Inefficiencies cause enormous losses of time, decrease in the level of safety for both vehicles and pedestrians, high pollution, degradation of quality of life, and huge waste of nonrenewable fossil energy. The scope of this article is to introduce novel functionality for providing knowledge to vehicles, thus jointly managing traffic and safety. This will be achieved through the design of the proposed functionality, which, at a high level, will comprise (1) sensor networks formed by vehicles of a certain vicinity that exchange traffic-­‐related information, (2) cognitive management functionality placed inside the vehicles for inferring knowledge and experience, and (3) cognitive management functionality in the overall transportation infrastructure. The goal of the aforementioned three main components shall be to issue directives to the drivers and the overall transportation infrastructure valuable in context handling. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5430544&tag=1 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria Wang, Y., Coppola, P., Tzimitsi, A., Messmer, A., Papageorgiou, M., Nuzzolo, A. Real-­‐time freeway network traffic surveillance: Large-­‐scale field-­‐testing results in southern Italy. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 12, pp. 548-­‐562, 2011. This paper reports on some large-­‐scale field-­‐testing results of a real-­‐time freeway network traffic surveillance tool that has recently been developed to enable a number of real-­‐time traffic surveillance tasks. This paper first introduces the related network traffic flow model and the approaches employed to traffic state estimation, traffic state prediction, and incident alarm. The field testing of the tool for these surveillance tasks in the A3 freeway of 100 km between Naples and Salerno in southern Italy is then reported in some detail. The results obtained are quite satisfactory and promising for further future implementations of the tool. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5715880 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria Weiland, RJ ; Purser, LB. Intelligent transportation systems in Transportation in the New Millennium, 2000. In the 1980s, a small group of transportation professionals recognized the impact that the computing and communications revolutions of the Information Age could have on surface transportation. The idea of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) was born. This paper gives a very brief history of ITS, and a short summary of what remains to be done to increase the public acceptance of ITS. http://onlinepubs.trb.org...epubs/millennium/00058.pdf Accessible en ligne Zhao, Y. Mobile phone location determination and its impact on intelligent transportation systems in IEEE, Transactions on Intelligent transportation systems, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 55-­‐64, mach 2000. Research and development on the technologies of locating the mobile (wireless) phone caller have been rapidly gaining momentum around the world. Once these technologies are mature enough to be deployed, they will have significant impact on automotive telematics and modern public transit systems. In this paper, we discuss why locating mobile phones becomes a hot topic among telecommunications giants, what technologies are being studied and standardized, when we are going to see the actual deployment, and what services they may provide? We then consider its potential impact on future intelligent transportation systems, including telematics and public transit systems. Many of us have already recognized how important a role the communications systems play in modern transportation. In the near future, if every mobile phone is able to determine its location, advances in our current transportation systems become inevitable http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=869021 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria Papageorgiou, M. Automatic control methods in traffic and transportation. In Operations research and decision aid methodologies in traffic and transportation management, P. Toint, M. Labbe, K. Tanczos, & G. Laporte (Eds.), Springer-­‐Verlag, 46-­‐83. 1999. The paper presents some basic notions and application procedures of Automatic Control and Optimisation methodologies, and outlines current and potential applications of these methodologies to traffic and transportation systems. After definition of some basic notions and control structures, a regulation problem is presented along with possible solution methods. Practical procedures when applying automatic control and optimisation methods in real-­‐time are discussed in some detail. A comparison of common features and differences of various network process control problems is presented before proceeding to an outline of applications of Automatic Control and Optimisation methods to various transportation domains including motorways, urban road networks, automated highway systems, rail, air, and maritime traffic. Some general conclusions and promising future research topics are also provided. Actes de Conférences Pisarski, D. Canudas de Wit, C. Optimal balancing of road traffic density distributions for the Cell transsmission model, 51th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2012). In this paper, we study the problem of optimal balancing of traffic density distributions. The optimization is carried out over the sets of equilibrium points for the Cell Transmission Traffic Model. The goal is to find the optimal balanced density distribution that maximizes the Total Travel Distance. The optimization is executed in two steps. At the first step, we consider a nonlinear problem to find a uniform density distribution that maximizes the Total Travel Distance. The second step is to solve the constrained quadratic problem to find the near balanced optimal equilibrium point. At both steps, we use decomposition methods. The quadratic optimization problem is solved by using the Dual Problem. The computational algorithms associated to such a problem are given. http://hal.inria.fr/hal-­‐00727783 Accessible en Open-­‐Access via Hal Canudas de Wit, C. Best-­‐effort highway traffic congestion control via variable speed limits, 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (IEEE CDC-­‐ECC 2011). The problem of controlling the congestion front in a single link road section is considered in this paper. For this purpose, we introduce a new variable-­‐length two-­‐cell lumped model composed of; one congested cell, and another in free flow. This model has the advantage of having few states while preserving the vehicle conservation property. This model is used as a basis to design a simple "best-­‐effort" controller that regulates (at its best) the congestion front to some prespecified value. The control law can be implemented using only information about the congestion front position. http://hal.archives-­‐ouvertes.fr/hal-­‐00642038 Accessible en Open-­‐Access via Hal Papageorgiou, M., Diakaki, C., Dinopoulou, V., Kotsialos, A., & Wang, Y. Review of road traffic control strategies. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(12), 2043-­‐2067, 2003. Traffic congestion in urban road and freeway networks leads to a strong degradation of the network infrastructure and accordingly reduced throughput, which can be countered via suitable control measures and strategies. After illustrating the main reasons for infrastructure deterioration due to traffic congestion, a comprehensive overview of proposed and implemented control strategies is provided for three areas: urban road networks, freeway networks, and route guidance. Selected application results, obtained from either simulation studies or field implementations, are briefly outlined to illustrate the impact of various control actions and strategies. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of future needs in this important technical area. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=01246386 Accessible via l’abonnement Inria Thèses Aubin, S. Capteurs de position innovants : application aux Systèmes de Transport Intelligents dans le cadre d'un observatoire de trajectoires de véhicules, Thèse, INRT, Toulouse, 2009. Améliorer la sécurité routière passe par une meilleure compréhension des causes d'accidents. Il est nécessaire de développer des observatoires discrets pour étudier la manière de conduire de tous les automobilistes. Une partie de cette analyse implique l'utilisation de capteurs mesurant les trajectoires des véhicules sur une portion de route. Deux capteurs innovants ont été crées pour pallier au manque de capteurs suffisamment précis : le premier est un capteur à fibres optiques présentant une succession de réseaux de Bragg et le second, protégé par un brevet, est fondé sur une technologie résistive. Ils ont été soumis à une expérimentation sur une route départementale. Le capteur optique s'avère performant mais coûteux. Le deuxième n'est pas assez robuste mais présente des perspectives intéressantes. http://tel.archives-­‐ouvertes.fr/tel-­‐00484751 Accessible en Open-­‐Access via TEL Jacquet, D. Modélisation Macroscopique du Trafic et Contrôle des Lois de Conservation Non Linéaires Associées, Thèse INPG, 2006. Cette thèse traite de la modélisation des infrastructures autoroutières et de leur gestion par des méthodes de régulation telles que le contrôle d'accès. L'approche retenue est macroscopique et conduit à des modèles distribués sous forme d'équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires. Nous apportons plusieurs éclairages sur l'analyse et la résolution de ces modèles (condition d'entropie pour les rampes d'accès, discrétisation simplifiée) et proposons une interprétation hybride des inhomogénéités (conditions aux limites, rampes d'accès et de sorties, variations brutales des paramètres) adaptée aux problèmes de contrôle. Deux nouvelles méthodologies calculatoires sont ensuite introduites pour concevoir des contrôleurs dynamiques s'appliquant à la gestion du trafic. La première est formulée comme un problème de commande optimale en boucle ouverte et nécessite l'adaptation de la méthode adjointe traditionnelle en raison de l'irrégularité des solutions. La seconde repose sur une discrétisation sous la forme d'un système affine commuté et une synthèse boucle fermée utilisant la dissipativité et les inégalités matricielles linéaires. http://tel.archives-­‐ouvertes.fr/tel-­‐00150434 Accessible en Open-­‐Access via TEL Lemarchand, A. Modélisation multi-­‐modèle incertaine du trafic routier et suivi robuste de profils optimaux aux entrées des voies périurbaines, Thèse, Grenoble INP, 2011. Ce document synthétise mes travaux de thèse de doctorat en Automatique Productique à Grenoble INP (Institut National Polytechnique), thèse préparée au sein du département automatique du laboratoire GIPSA-­‐lab (Grenoble Image Parole Signal et Automatique). Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du contrôle local et de la supervision des systèmes de trafic routier. Les principales contributions portent sur la modélisation, la supervision et la commande locale des systèmes de trafic routier. La contribution apportée à la modélisation du trafic est l’ajout d’un modèle d’incertitude sur le modèle CTM (Cell Transmission Model [Daganzo, 1994]). Ce nouveau modèle permet de prendre en compte les incertitudes sur différents paramètres du modèle pour in-­‐fine proposer de nouvelles stratégies de commandes commutées robustes. Outre cette approche de modélisation, nous proposons un niveau de supervision permettant d’une part d’estimer en temps réel le mode de fonctionnement et d’autre part de détecter, localiser et estimer certaines fautes sur le système. L’estimation dynamique de mode de fonctionnement nous permet de connaître l’état de congestion (ou de non-­‐congestion) de l’aménagement routier considéré. Nous sommes en mesure de détecter des fautes telles que des chutes de vitesse ou des chutes de capacité survenant sur la route. Enfin, nous proposons deux lois de commandes locales basées sur la théorie des systèmes à commutations. Ainsi, le schéma de contrôle s’adaptera dynamique mentaux changements de propriétés du système. Ces lois de commande ont pour objet de s’insérer dans un schéma de régulation hiérarchique. Outils et applications Calls for papers / Events (sélection) ITS America 23rd annual meeting & expo, Nashville, April 22-­‐24, 2013 Join ITS America and ITS Tennessee for the 2013 Annual Meeting & Exposition at the Gaylord Opryland Convention Center in Nashville, TN from April 22-­‐24. This year’s theme “Real Progress -­‐ Great Future” will touch on how far we have come as a nation in the deployment of ITS technologies and will also illustrate just how much further we can go to create a connected, efficient, sustainable and safe transportation system. The 2013 conference will offer unprecedented opportunities to see the latest and learn about the future of intelligent transportation solutions from across the U.S. http://www.itsa.org/annualmeeting 16th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems -­‐ (ITSC 2013) 6-­‐9 October 2013 The IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems is the annual flagship conference of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society. IEEE ITSC 2013 welcomes articles in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems, conveying new developments in theory, analytical and numerical simulation and modeling, experimentation, advanced deployment and case studies, results of laboratory or field operational tests. The theme of the IEEE ITSC 2013 conference is Intelligent Transportation Systems for all transport modes. Major advances in information and communication technology are enabling a vast array of new possibilities in transport. ITS are emerging worldwide to make transport more efficient, reliable, cleaner and safer. ITS are used in road, water, rail and air transport to collect information about transport flows from a multitude of sources and manage them effectively, shifting collective traffic and transport management paradigms towards end user orientation. http://ieee-­‐itsc13.org/ 20th ITS World Congress, Tokyo, October 14-­‐18, 2013 ITS is expanding into the next stage of mobility and society. Starting with safety and traffic management as basic concerns, ITS is reaching out to three new domains: energy management, personalized mobility services navigated by big data, and resilient transport systems. The first two stem from the emergence of electrified vehicles and continuously advancing ICT technologies, and the third concept of resilient transport has become very important since the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. At the same time, mobility in mega cities/regions is a major issue to be addressed in emerging economies, especially in Asia. Open has been adopted as the key word for expanding the potential of ITS: open platforms for basic concerns, and open connectivity, opportunities and collaboration for the three new domains. http://www.itsworldcongress.jp/ Structures de recherche, équipes, laboratoires DSSL (Dynamic Systems & Simulation Laboratory) The DSSL was founded in 1988; its founding director, Prof. Michael N. Katehakis, introduced the modern (for the time) computation equipment; after his leave in 1992, DSSL was headed by Assist. Prof. Constantinos Melolidakis, succeded in 1994 by Prof. Markos Papageorgiou, the Laboratory's current director. The staff of DSSL includes some 15 professors, lecturers, researchers, graduate and undergraduate students and has profound knowledge and broad experience in the theories of modelling, simulation, statistics, optimisation, automatic control, and their practical application to traffic and transportation systems, water networks, production systems, and further areas. DSSL has been involved in numerous research, development, and demonstration projects at a national, European, and international level. In particular, the DSSL has gained a remarkable experience through the implementation in real conditions, the testing, and the evaluation of its several techniques and tools in various European and non-­‐European sites. The DSSL is located in the campus of the Technical University of Crete and disposes of modern technological equipment, which is continuously updated and enlarged with new workstations, personal computers, terminals, and printers connected both internally and externally with the Internet. Director : Dr. Markos Papageorgiou [email protected] GIPSA-­‐LAB Gipsa-­‐lab est une unité de recherche mixte du CNRS, de Grenoble-­‐INP, de l'université Joseph Fourier et de l'université Stendhal, elle est conventionnée avec l'INRIA, l'Observatoire de Grenoble et l'université Pierre Mendès France. Fort de 300 personnes dont plus d'une centaine de doctorants, GIPSA-­‐lab est un laboratoire pluridisciplinaire développant des recherches fondamentales et finalisées sur les signaux et systèmes complexes. Il est reconnu internationalement pour ses recherches en Automatique, Signal et Images, Parole et Cognition et développe des projets dans les domaines stratégiques de l'énergie, de l'environnement, de la communication, des systèmes intelligents, de la santé et de l'ingénierie linguistique. De par la nature de ses recherches, Gipsa-­‐lab maintient un lien constant avec le milieu économique via un partenariat industriel fort. Son potentiel d'enseignants-­‐chercheurs et chercheurs est investi dans la formation au niveau des universités et écoles d'ingénieurs du site grenoblois. http://www.gipsa-­‐lab.grenoble-­‐inp.fr/le-­‐laboratoire/presentation.php IFSTTAR Au 1er janvier 2011, l’INRETS et le LCPC ont fusionné pour donner naissance à l’IFSTTAR Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l’aménagement et des réseaux. L’Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l’aménagement et des réseaux, né le 1er janvier 2011 de la fusion de l’INRETS et du LCPC, est un Etablissement Public à caractère Scientifique et Technologique placé sous la tutelle conjointe du ministère de l’Ecologie, du Développement Durable, des Transports et du Logement et du ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche. Nouvel établissement de référence sur la scène internationale, l’Ifsttar conduit des travaux de recherche finalisée et d’expertise dans les domaines des transports, des infrastructures, des risques naturels et de la ville pour améliorer les conditions de vie de nos concitoyens et plus largement favoriser un développement durable de nos sociétés. www.ifsttar.fr ITS Berkeley (Insitute of Transportation Studies) – Research Centers For more than 60 years, the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, has been recognized as one of the world's leading centers for transportation research, education, and scholarship. ITS Berkeley is home to seven transportation research centers, each with a unique research focus and key sponsors and/or partners. http://www.its.berkeley.edu/research/centers LICIT (Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Circulation Transports) Créé en 1993, le LICIT est une unité mixte de recherche de l'Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l'aménagement et des réseaux (IFSTTAR) et de l'École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE). Il est implanté sur les deux sites de l'IFSTTAR-­‐Bron et de l'ENTPE-­‐
Vaulx-­‐en-­‐Velin. http://www.inrets.fr/linstitut/unites-­‐de-­‐recherche-­‐unites-­‐de-­‐service/licit/ MCTAO (Mathematics for Control Transports and their Applications) The core endeavor of McTao will be to develop methods in control theory for finite-­‐dimensional nonlinear systems, as well as new contributions to optimal transport, and to be involved in applications of these techniques. Some mathematical fields like dynamical systems and optimal transport may benefit from control theory techniques. Apart from this, our primary domain of industrial applications will be space engineering, namely designing trajectories in space mechanics using optimal control and stabilization techniques: transfer of a satellite between two Keplerian orbits, rendez-­‐vous problem, transfer of a satellite from the Earth to the Moon or more complicated space missions. A second field of applications is quantum control with applications to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and medical image processing. http://www-­‐sop.inria.fr/mctao/ NeCS (Networked Controlled System Team) NeCS is a INRIA-­‐GIPSA-­‐lab joint team-­‐project (initiated in January 2007) supported by the CNRS, INRIA, INPG and UJF. The team goal is to develop a new control framework for assessing problems raised by the consideration of new technological low-­‐cost and wireless components, the increase of systems complexity and the distributed and dynamic location of sensors (sensor networks) and actuators. In this framework, control design is performed under general resources constraints including communication, computation, and energy. In that, the team targets an innovative step forward in the feedback design for networked distributed systems by the development of combined control, computing & communication (3C). The team is a bi-­‐located at INRIA-­‐RA and at the GIPSA-­‐lab. Research topics Feedback design for heterogeneous and dynamically reconfigurable networks, Control and coding co-­‐design for systems with low-­‐cost coarse sensors, Distributed, multi-­‐agents, and embedded control systems, Modelling and control of autonomous computing systems, Control of non-­‐uniformly sampled (asynchronous) systems. Project leader: Carlos Canudas-­‐de-­‐Wit -­‐ carlos.canudas-­‐de-­‐wit@gipsa-­‐lab.inpg.fr TTI Texas A&M Transportation Institute The Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), a member of The Texas A&M University System, seeks solutions to the problems and challenges facing all modes of transportation. TTI works on over 600 research projects with over 200 sponsors annually at all levels of government and the private sector. TTI is recognized as one of the finest higher education-­‐affiliated transportation research agencies in the nation and helps prepare students for transportation careers. TTI has saved the state and nation billions of dollars through strategies and products developed through its research program. Its research has a proven impact, resulting in lives, time and resources saved. The Institute has made significant advancements in transportation safety, mobility, planning, systems, infrastructure, the environment and other areas vital to an efficient transportation system and good quality of life. Our mission is to solve transportation problems through research, to transfer technology, and to develop diverse human resources to meet the transportation challenges of tomorrow. http://tti.tamu.edu/about/ •
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Projets Européens & Internationaux FeedNetBack (co-­‐design for networked control systems) FeedNetback is an international research project on networked control systems that was completed on 31 Jan 2012. It was supported by the 7th Framework Programme of the European Commission. The objective of the FeedNetback was to generate a co-­‐design framework, to integrate architectural constraints and performance trade-­‐offs from control, communication, computation, complexity and energy management. FeedNetback contributed in mastering complexity, temporal and spatial uncertainties such as delays and bandwidth in communications and node availability. This approach will enable the development of more efficient, robust and affordable networked control systems that scale and adapt with changing application demands. The FeedNetback consortium contains a mix of academic and industrial partners with extensive track record on networked control systems. The project conducted extensive dissemination activities including representation of the project in over 100 events, organisation of three annual workshops plus a workshop dedicated to junior researchers, course offerings to international schools and videos to illustrate the research undertaken. The results of the project were reported in over 250 conference and journal publications. http://www.feednetback.eu/ HYCON2 (Highly-­‐complex and networked control systems) The FP7 NoE HYCON2, started in September 2010, is a four-­‐year project coordinated by the CNRS (Françoise Lamnabhi-­‐Lagarrigue). It aims at stimulating and establishing a long-­‐term integration in the strategic field of control of complex, large-­‐scale, and networked dynamical systems. It focuses in particular on the domains of ground and aerospace transportation, electrical power networks, process industries, and biological and medical systems. http://www.hycon2.eu/ MOCOPO (Measuring and modelling traffic congestion and pollution) The MOCoPo project is funded by the French Ministry in charge of Transport (MEDDTL), through the PREDIT (Research and Innovation in Land Transport Program). The project began in January 2011 and will end up in December 2013. Various research institutes and universities, some teams of the MEDDTL and pollution measurements associations are involved in the project. http://mocopo.ifsttar.fr/ Outils, technologies et services AIR Rhône-­‐Alpes Dans le cadre des orientations prises par le Grenelle de l’Environnement, la surveillance de la qualité de l’air s’est régionalisée en France. Comme l’ensemble des structures chargées de la surveillance de la qualité de l’air et formant le réseau national ATMO, Air Rhône-­‐Alpes est une association de type « loi 1901 » agréée par le Ministère de l’Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Energie. Cette association agit dans l’esprit de la charte de l’environnement de 2004 adossée à la constitution de l’Etat français et de l’article L.220-­‐1 du Code de l’environnement. Elle gère un observatoire environnemental relatif à l’air et à la pollution atmosphérique au sens de l’article L.220-­‐2 du Code de l’Environnement. Air Rhône-­‐Alpes communique publiquement sur les informations issues de ses différents travaux. http://www.air-­‐rhonealpes.fr/site/accueil/monaccueil/all/ BISON FUTE Bison Futé propose aux professionnels et médias un service gratuit de diffusion d’informations routières par messagerie électronique. Pour recevoir l’information routière nationale ou régionale, en temps réel ou en temps différé, il suffit de s’abonner auprès du centre d’information routière de son lieu de domiciliation, quelles que soient les régions sur lesquelles on souhaite être informé. http://www.bison-­‐fute.equipement.gouv.fr/diri/Accueil.do DIVAS (Dialogue infrastructure pour améliorer la sécurité routière) DIVAS América est un projet de coopération entre le LCPC et PATH (Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways) qui s'inscrit dans une coopération plus large entre la France et la Californie, dans le domaine des transports. http://or.lcpc.fr/divas-­‐fr/ ENTERPRISE The ENTERPRISE Program is a FHWA Pooled Fund Study with member agencies from North America and Europe. Its main purpose is to use the pooled resources of its members, private sector partners and the United States federal government to develop, evaluate and deploy Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). As part of its mission, ENTERPRISE seeks to facilitate the sharing of technological and institutional experiences gained from its ITS projects, and the projects for its individual members. The following projects highlight a couple projects completed by ENTERPRISE. http://www.enterprise.prog.org/ GTL (Grenoble Traffic Laboratory) The Grenoble Traffic Lab (GTL) initiative, lead by the NeCS team (Inria), is a real-­‐time traffic data center platform intended to collect traffic road infrastructure information in real-­‐time with minimum latency and fast sampling periods. The main elements of the GTL are: • a real-­‐time data-­‐base, • a show room, • and a suit of traffic forecasting software. Sensed information come from a dense wireless sensor network providing macroscopic traffic signals such as flows, velocities, densities, and magnetic signatures. This sensor network was put in place in collaboration with Inria spin-­‐off Karrus-­‐ITS, local traffic authorities (DIR-­‐CE, CG38, La Metro), and specialised traffic research centers. This network of sensors, which provide realtime data, makes the Grenoble south beltway a show case in the traffic research community and european projects. The GTL is also an important infrastructure necessary for: • testing and validating our traffic prediction/control algorithms, • integrating these algorithms in a software platform for traffic forecasting, • being used as a show room. The NeCS team is also investing a great effort in human capital to support the research part of this project via two European grants (FeedNetBack, and HYCON2), and a national one (MOCOPO). INFOTRAFIC Site d'information sur la circulation routière, info trafic, bouchons, travaux, itinéraires, temps de parcours, radars sur votre itinéraire ... http://www.infotrafic.com/home.php LAVIA (Limiteur d’Adaptant à la Vitesse Autorisée) Le LAVIA (Limiteur s’adaptant à la vitesse autorisée) est système qui permet au conducteur d’adapter sa vitesse aux changements de limitation de vitesse qui rythment sa route. C’est un dispositif d’aide à la conduite qui peut fonctionner selon plusieurs modes : Le mode informatif : le conducteur est informé à tout instant par affichage sur le tableau de bord de la vitesse autorisée à l’endroit où il se trouve En cas de franchissement, l’affichage clignote et un voyant s’allume sur le tableau de bord. Le mode actif débrayable : le conducteur ne peut dépasser la vitesse réglementaire en vigueur à l’endroit où il se trouve. Pratiquement, cela se traduit par le fait qu’au delà de cette vitesse limite, la pédale d’accélérateur est sans effet car un dispositif électronique limite automatiquement l’injection de carburant. Le conducteur a cependant la possibilité de désactiver le limiteur grâce à un bouton marche/arrêt Le mode actif non débrayable : mode proche du précédent, la seule différence c’est que le conducteur ne peut pas désactiver le limiteur Ce dispositif a été testé auprès de 92 conducteurs au cours de différentes phases expérimentales. http://www.ponts-­‐formation-­‐edition.fr/LAVIA-­‐Limiteur-­‐s-­‐Adaptant-­‐a-­‐la.html NTAD (National Transportation Atlas Database) USA The National Transportation Atlas Databases 2012 (NTAD2012) is a set of nationwide geographic databases of transportation facilities, transportation networks, and associated infrastructure. These datasets include spatial information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, as well as the related attribute information for these features. Metadata documentation, as prescribed by the International Organization of Standards (ISO), is also provided for each database. The data on this DVD support research, analysis, and decision-­‐making across all modes of transportation. They are most useful at the national level, but have major applications at regional, State, and local scales throughout the transportation community. http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_atlas_database/2012/ Sociétés / Starts-­‐Up Citilog Citilog is a leading provider of advanced video-­‐based monitoring and surveillance products that enable traffic, security and safety management operators to identify incidents in real time instead of traditional passive solutions that act only to verify an incident after it has already come and gone. Citilog offers solutions to address Road and Infrastructure Safety, Security, Mobility and Sustainable Growth. • Citilog's mission is to deliver road safety, infrastructure security and traffic data collection products that fulfill best practices for the video monitoring needs of roadway, tunnels and other infrastructure operators, and city traffic operations. • Citilog provides systems and software solutions based on advanced video processing algorithms for the analog and IP worlds. • Citilog's value proposition to its customers is to provide solutions that allow for the: o IMPROVEMENT OF ROAD SAFETY by reducing intervention time and repetitive car accidents. o LIMITATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC RISKS which would otherwise be dramatic and costly both in human life and in economic impact. o REDUCTION OF TRAVEL TIME that improves road users' perceived comfort and also reduces pollutants emission. o PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE SITES from terrorist threats, vandalism and degradations. http://www.citilog.com/ Karrus Karrus fournit des solutions clés en main pour l'exploitation dynamique des infrastructures routières. Ces outils intègrent les équipements et logiciels nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de stratégies de surveillance et de régulation du trafic et sont prêts à l'emploi. La pose des équipements peut être effectuée par toute entreprise spécialisée et est facilitée par la mise à disposition d'une documentation détaillée, d'une équipe technique Karrus et d'une équipe support des équipementiers si nécessaire. La fourniture de solutions sur étagère permet de réduire les coûts d'intégration, de maîtriser le planning de déploiement et de minimiser les risques de défaillance sur ces applications complexes. Ces solutions ont été conçues avec des capacités d'adaptations matérielles et logicielles pour pouvoir être déployées dans tout type de situations, quelque soit la particularité des sites envisagés. Le portefeuille de solutions intégrées proposées par Karrus évolue chaque année et est constitué aujourd'hui des produits suivants : • Alerte bouchon sans latence centralisée ou décentralisée, • Régulation des limites de vitesse, • Contrôle d'accès périurbain. http://www.karrus-­‐its.com/ Orange Enjeu grandissant pour les individus, les entreprises et la planète, l’information trafic routier reste un véritable challenge. Pour y répondre, Orange Business Services propose un nouveau service d’informations routières permettant aux entreprises d’optimiser la supervision et la gestion des routes et d’améliorer la satisfaction des usagers, en les informant sur l’état du trafic en temps réel. Ce service s’appuie notamment sur une nouvelle source d’information innovante basée sur une technologie unique développée par les centres de recherche d’Orange (Orange L@bs) qui s'appuie sur les données anonymisées du réseau mobile. http://www.orange.com/fr/accueil Administration /Communautés / Associations CG38 (Conseil Général de l’Isère) La route innovante, c’est la route du futur. Celle qui communiquera avec les véhicules au travers de systèmes coopératifs. Mais c’est aussi celle qui permettra le dialogue usager/infrastructure via le Web 2.0. La route innovante c’est également le développement de capteurs de nouvelle génération, bas coût et autonome en énergie. L’objectif final de la route innovante est d’améliorer la sécurité des usagers, optimiser le trafic routier et réduire les émissions de CO2. https://www.isere.fr/conseil-­‐general/ DDT La Direction départementale des territoires regroupe les anciens services de la DDAF, de la DDE et du bureau environnement de la préfecture, qui ont fusionné au 1er janvier 2010. Sous l’autorité du préfet, elle est le service de l’Etat compétent pour la mise en œuvre des politiques agricoles, d’environnement, d’aménagement et d’urbanisme, de logement et de construction, de prévention des risques, de transport, qui ensemble organisent l’aménagement et le développement des territoires. http://www.isere.equipement.gouv.fr/spip.php?page=sommaire DIR Centre-­‐Est (Direction départementale des routes) La nouvelle étape de la décentralisation instituée par la loi du 13 août 2004 relative aux libertés et responsabilités locales a conduit au transfert des deux tiers du Réseau Routier National (RRN) aux départements et mis fin à la mise à disposition des DDE auprès des conseils généraux. Elle a imposé une réorganisation des services chargés de l’exploitation, de l’entretien et des investissements sur le réseau routier non concédé conservé par l’Etat. Est donc née une nouvelle organisation des services routiers de l’Etat. Elle vise à rassembler au sein de 11 Directions Interdépartementales des Routes (DIR) l’ensemble des fonctions et des compétences réparties jusqu’à lors dans les DDE et qui concourent au développement, à la gestion et l’exploitation du réseau routier national. http://www.enroute.centre-­‐est.developpement-­‐durable.gouv.fr/presentation-­‐de-­‐la-­‐dir-­‐ce-­‐r1.html IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) The INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL, founded in September 1957, is a multinational federation of National Member Organizations (NMOs), each one representing the engineering and scientific societies concerned with automatic control in its own country. This IFAC webpage is addressed to you, as a professional, theorist, engineer, researcher, student, or representative of a technical society, involved in the broad field of Automatic Control. In the great variety of connected pages you can find some information about IFAC, the International Federation of Automatic Control, its aims, activities, outputs, organization, as well as some of the people (officers and officials) serving the Federation on a voluntary basis. http://www.ifac-­‐control.org/ ITSA (Intelligent transportation Society of America) The Intelligent Transportation Society of America is the leading advocate for technologies that improve the safety, security and efficiency of the nation's surface transportation system. Our members include private corporations, public agencies, and academic institutions involved in the research, development and design of Intelligent Transportation Systems technologies that enhance safety, increase mobility and sustain the environment. http://www.itsa.org/ LA METRO Au cœur d'un territoire unique, sur lequel perdure un subtil équilibre entre un environnement naturel préservé et un centre urbain développé, 28 communes ont fait le choix d'une part de destin commun. La communauté d'agglomération "Grenoble Alpes Métropole", communément appelée "la Métro", est située au centre d'une aire urbaine de plus d'un demi-­‐million d'habitants. Deuxième métropole de Rhône-­‐Alpes après Lyon, la Métro associe 28 communes autour d'un seul et même objectif : améliorer la vie quotidienne de ses 400 000 habitants. Sur un bassin de vie de plus de 30700 hectares, la Métro fédère les énergies de ses communes membres pour concevoir des grands projets, animer des actions politiques, aménager le territoire, réaliser des équipements et exploiter des services publics. Le développement économique, l'organisation des déplacements, la protection de l'environnement, le cadre de vie, l'habitat et la solidarité urbaine constituent l'essentiel de ses missions. http://www.lametro.fr/ Ministère de l’écologie, du développement durable et de l’énergie Les transports intelligents Les systèmes de transport intelligents participent pleinement à la gestion du trafic routier au travers des moyens et équipements dynamiques utilisés par les PC circulation sur les réseaux routiers et autoroutiers. Ils représentent également un atout majeur pour l’information des usagers et plus généralement pour l’exploitation de la route. http://www.transport-­‐intelligent.net/champs-­‐des-­‐sti/gestion-­‐du-­‐trafic-­‐routier/ NTOC (National Transportation Operations Coalition) Welcome to the National Transportation Operations Coalition (NTOC) home page. NTOC’s mission is to improve management and operation of the nation's existing transportation system so that its performance will exceed customer expectations. NTOC is a national resource to practitioners, coalition members and the general public on continuously improving performance-­‐based service delivery of transportation system management and operations and its supporting technologies. http://www.ntoctalks.com/ PATH (Partners for Advanced Transportation TecHnology) Established in 1986, Partners for Advanced Transportation TecHnology (PATH) is administered by the Institute of Transportation Studies (ITS) at the University of California, Berkeley, in collaboration with Caltrans. PATH is a multi-­‐disciplinary program with staff, faculty, and students from universities statewide, and cooperative projects with private industry, state and local agencies, and non-­‐profit institutions. http://www.path.berkeley.edu/Default.htm RITA (Research and Innovative technology Administration) The U.S. Department of Transportation's (U.S. DOT) Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Program aims to bring connectivity to transportation through the application of advanced wireless technologies—powerful technologies that enable transformative change. Envision: • A system in which highway crashes and their tragic consequences are rare because vehicles of all types can sense and communicate the events and hazards happening around them. A fully-­‐connected, information-­‐rich environment within which travelers, transit riders, freight managers, system operators, and other users are aware of all aspects of the system's performance. • Travelers who have comprehensive and accurate information on travel options—transit travel times, schedules, cost, and real-­‐time locations; driving travel times, routes, and travel costs; parking costs, availability, and ability to reserve a space; and the environmental footprint of each trip. • System operators who have full knowledge of the status of every transportation asset. • Vehicles of all types that can communicate with traffic signals to eliminate unnecessary stops and help people drive in a more fuel efficient manner. • Vehicles that can communicate the status of on-­‐board systems and provide information that can be used by travelers and system operators to mitigate the vehicle's impact on the environment or make more informed choices about travel modes. http://www.its.dot.gov/about.htm Bibliographie/Ressources réalisée par le service IST INRIA Grenoble -­‐ Rhône-­‐Alpes/ Novembre 2012 Pour tout renseignement, contactez doc-­‐[email protected] •