Physics in Canada La Physique au Canada

Transcription

Physics in Canada
La Physique au Canada
Vol. 46, No. 1
January/
janvier 1990
The 1990 CAP Corporate Members Conference
'The Science & Application of Optics in Canada'
Ottawa 29 March 1990
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Congrès ACP 1990 CAP Congress
St. John's Newfoundland, 18-20 June/juin 1990
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Information and Forms
The Bulletin of The
Canadian Association of
Physicists
Bulletin de l'Association
canadienne des
physiciens
Physics in Canada
Vol. 46, No. 1
January/
janvier 1990
Page No.
EDITORIAL BOARD/COMITE DE
RÉDACTION
Editor/Rédacteur en chef
G. Dolling
Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories,
Chalk River, Ontario KO] 1JO
(613) 584-3311-4011
Cosmic Rays, t h e Pulse of the Interplanetary M e d i u m
by D. Venkatesan
4
A t o m s mark t h e passage of t i m e
b y ) o h n Ponsonby
10
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2 Physics in Canada
January 1990-
EDITORIAL
Letters/Lettres
A "Physics in Canada" section in Physics in Canada
Re: Gérard R. Hébert's review of James W. Cooper's " M i c r o soft QuickBASIC For Scientists" on page 171 of your
September, 1989, issue.
O n e of the purposes of Physics in Canada should be to keep
the physics c o m m u n i t y informed about significant and interesting developments in Canadian science. At the m o m e n t
w e are not d o i n g that. Regularly w e are publishing scientific
articles bringing to light interesting w o r k going on in our
universities and laboratories, but these provide only a very
small sample of what is happening. This is understandable
because such articles require a substantial amount of time
to write. To remedy this deficiency we intend to have in
addition to feature articles, w h i c h w e strongly encourage,
a section similar to the "Science and the Citizen" section
in Scientific American or the "Science-clip" section in Interface
(the bulletin of I'ACFAS). This new section, w h i c h will be a
regular feature, will highlight science news of general interest
in columns of about 500 words each. In this editorial we are
soliciting not only such short essays but also ideas and
suggestions for contributors. Anyone w h o thinks that they
(or some of their colleagues) have something that should be
reported should let us know. W e hope that as physicists see
the w o r k of their peers discussed, they w i l l feel motivated
to give more exposure to their o w n w o r k or to that of a
deserving colleague, and the w h o l e process will have a
snowball effect. The "Science and the Citizen" c o l u m n is the
first section I read w h e n I receive my Scientific American and
I hope that the "Physics in Canada" c o l u m n of Physics in
Canada w i l l also be a m u c h - l o o k e d - f o r section of o u r
bulletin. B.J.
Despite what the review says, QuickBASIC does indeed allow
line numbers in programs. The line numbers are permitted
partly for compatibility w i t h the various BASIC interpreters
such as CW-BASIC or BASICA. A programmer w h o wishes
can use GOTOs or GOSUBs just as for the interpreters. Unlike
the interpreters, QuickBASIC does not insist on the line
numbers, so it is possible to write a QuickBASIC program
w i t h o u t them. If numbers are used as labels, they need not
be in increasing order. If sentence 500 comes in a program
before sentence 100, then 500 will be executed first. Furthermore, QuickBASIC permits words rather than numbers as
labels for sentences.
Your readers w h o do not have copies of QuickBASIC can
get more information on this subject from pages 25 and 26
of "QuickBASIC Q u i c k Reference" by John R. Ottensmann,
published by Q u e Corporation of Carmel, Indiana, 1988.
David P. M a r o u n
9395 Windsor Street,
Chilliwack, B.C.
Good News from the Soviet Union —
Another Fallout from GLASNOST?
Provisional Organizing Committee
U S S R Physical Society
119034 Moscow, K u r s o v o i p e r . 17
Cable address: M O S C O W - T E C H N 1 K A
tel. 137-65-77
CANAOIAN ASSOCIATION
OF PHYSICISTS
S
ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE
DES PHYSICIENS
151 SLATER, SUITE 903 OTTAWA. ONTARIO K1P5H3
E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y of the
C a n a d i a n A s s o c i a t i o n of P h y s i c i s t s
D r . Mona L.Jento
Pgar
Dr.
3 October,
Cable sent November 13, 1989 t o MOSCOW-TECHNIKA
Jento,
I a m h a p p y t o i n f o r m y o u t h a t we a r t reinstaiinR t h e P h y s i c a l Society of t h e
Soviet U n i o n . T h i s Society w a s f o u n d e d in 1872, b u t its a c t i v i t i e s were s u s p e n d e d
in 1930.
T h e Society is t o u n i t e s c i e n t i s t s a n d t e a c h e r s w h o are active in f u n d a m e n t a l
a n d a p p l i e d r e s e a r c h a n d t e a c h i n g . We a i m a t f o s t e r i n g all a s p e c t s of t h e profess i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s of p h y s i c i s t s s o as t o e n c o u r a g e b o t h r e s e a r c h a n d a p p l i c a t i o n s .
T h e Society will also c o n c e r n itself w i t h e d u c a t i o n a t schools a n d at t h e universities. Issues of science a n d society in p r o p a g a t i n g t h e m e s s a g e of science a r e also
o n o u r a g e n d a , as well as t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of physicists a n d t h e p r o t e c t i o n of
t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l r i g h t s a n d t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e c o m m u n i t y of p h y s i c i s t s .
T h e Society will s t r i v e t o p r o v i d e qualified
p r o f e s s i o n a l issuer e x p a n d i n g a n d s t r e n g t h e n i n g
g a n i s a t i o n s t h a t a r e a c t i v e in t h e field of science,
envisage s u p p o r t i n g i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y research in
economics and global problems.
TELEPHONE (613) 237-3392
1989.
a n d i n d e p e n d e n t e x p e r t i s e on
its c o n n e c t i o n s w i t h o t h e r ore d u c a t i o n a n d technology. We
t h e field of e n e r g y , ecology,
P r o f . S, K a p i t z a
Chairman of P r o v i s i o n a l
O r g a n i z i n g Committee
USSR P h y s i c a l S o c i e t y
The C a n a d i a n A s s o c i a t i o n of P h y s i c i s t s i s pleased t o hear t h e good news t h a t
t h e USSR P h y s i c a l S o c i e t y i s being r e i n s t a t e d .
Your society
goals of uniting
scientists
and teachers
to promote
research,
science e d u c a t i o n , d i s c u s s i o n of g l o b a l
issues i n v o l v i n g
science,
p r o f e s s i o n a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y and i n d e p e n d e n c e , p a r a l l e l t h o s e of our
Association.
We welcome your i n i t i a t i v e and extend our best wishes f o r a s u c c e s s f u l
i n a u g u r a l meeting.
The Canadian A s s o c i a t i o n o f P h y s i c i s t s
encourages
e s t a b l i s h i n g t i e s and looks f o r w a r d t o c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h your s o c i e t y on
common issues i n t h e f u t u r e .
P l e a s e a d v i s e us when you have f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d t h e USSR
Society and p r o v i d e us w i t h t h e names and addresses of o f f i c e r s .
Physical
We h o p e t h e Society will e n c o u r a g e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i o n a n d look forw a r d t o e s t a b l i s h i n g ties w i t h t h e professional societies of p h y s i c i s t s w o r l d w i d e .
Sincerely,
O u r i n a u g u r a l m e e t i n g is t o t a k e place on 17 N o v e m b e r a t t h e G r a n d Hall
of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of M o s c o w . A l t h o u g h a t t h i s s t a g e we a r e n o t e x p e c t i n g t o
specially invite g u e s t s , any m e m b e r of y o u r Society w h o will be in M o s c o w a t
t h j t t i m e wili be welcome. We w o u l d also m u c h a p p r e c i a t e a n y m e s s a g e f r o m
y o u r Society o n t h i s occasion, a m e s s a g e t h a t could be a first s t e p t o c o o p e r a t i o n
o n c o m m o n issues in t h e f u t u r e .
Yours sincerely,
Prof. S.Kapitza
C h a i r m a n of P r o v i s i o n a l
Organizing Committee
P r o f . A l l a n A. O f f e n b e r g e r
President
Past-President
A A OFFENBERGER
University ol Alberta
(403) 492-3939
LG CARON
Université de Sherbrooke
(819) 821-7056
Vice-President Elect
R L ARMSTRONG
University ol Toronto
(416) 978-3383
Executive Secretary
A J ALCOCK
M Brunswick National Research Counc
(613)993-3016
janvier 1 9 9 0 3
Cosmic Rays, the Pulse of the Interplanetary Medium
By D. Venkatesan
Department of Physics & Astronomy
The University of Calgary
PREFACE
Cosmic ray research in Canada is a legacy of and standing
m o n u m e n t to the wisdom of Dr. Donald C. Rose w h o retired
from the Division of Physics of the National Research Council
in 1965, and passed away in 1988. His c o n t r i b u t i o n to that
discipline, along w i t h that of Dr. Hugh Carmichael of the
Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories of Atomic Energy of Canada
Limited, placed this country on the global cosmic ray network;
they were recognized by the w o r l d - w i d e cosmic ray community, together w i t h t w o other pioneering North American
scientists, Professor H.V. Neher, Caltech, Pasadena and Professor H. Rossi, M.I.T., Cambridge, as four outstanding North
American scientists w h o had fundamentally c o n t r i b u t e d to
our understanding of cosmic rays. They were each presented
w i t h a citation and a plaque at the 19th International Cosmic
Ray Conference held in La Jolla, California, in 1985. This article
traces the origins, the progress, and the current status of
cosmic ray research w h i c h has become a three-dimensional
exploration of the interplanetary medium.
alpha particles, roughly in the ratio 10:1 w h i c h reflects the
same relative abundance observed t h r o u g h o u t the universe.
O n the other hand, heavier nuclei, although relatively scarce
(-1%), are more plentiful in cosmic rays than in the universe
as a whole. Some small amount of electrons (-0.1-0.5%) also
exist.
COSMIC RAYS
Cosmic rays are continuously bombarding the earth; the
primaries interact w i t h the atmospheric constituents and
hence do not penetrate the atmosphere very deeply. They
transfer their energy to the secondaries w h i c h are eventually
observed at ground level. About 10-20 secondaries of these
sub-atomic particles from afar strike each of us every second.
The fate of a typical cosmic ray particle (high energy proton)
w h e n it strikes the top of the atmosphere is depicted schematically in Figure 1. There are three modes of energy transfer
ABSTRACT
PRIMARY
COSMIC RAY
PARTICLE
There is general agreement about the existence of t w o
c o m p o n e n t s of cosmic rays, the galactic and the solar. The
former is modulated by the continuously changing solar
activity, while the latter is associated w i t h specific solar events.
The discovery of cosmic rays by Victor Hess t o o k place about
80 years ago in a historic balloon flight w i t h instruments.
Subsequently Scott E. Forbush identified three time-varying
features of cosmic ray intensity: the Solar Flare Effect, the
Forbush Decrease and the Long-Term Variation of Cosmic
Ray Intensity, negatively correlated w i t h solar activity as
represented by sunspot numbers. All these significant variations, along w i t h the daily variation of cosmic ray intensity
(a small effect of -0.5% arising f r o m the spinning of the earth)
have clearly demonstrated the solar control of the interplanetary electromagnetic state t h r o u g h the f l o w i n g solar
w i n d plasma w i t h the i m b e d d e d solar magnetic field.
The m o n i t o r i n g by ground-based cosmic ray detectors was
essentially a study of the time-variation of cosmic ray intensity.
Under the aegis of Dr. D.C. Rose, a number of cosmic ray
neutron monitors were set up across Canada and c o n t r i b u t e d
to the w o r l d w i d e cosmic ray network. The coordinated global
studies carried out d u r i n g 1957, the International Geophysical
Year (ICY), and the successful launching of the earth-orbiting
satellites Sputniks and Explorers by the USSR and USA in
1957-58, o p e n e d up an era of space exploration and in-situ
measurements in the interplanetary medium. Currently spacecraft Pionners 10 and 11 and Voyagers 1 and 2 are proceeding
farther out into this region (appropriately renamed heliosphere); they have transformed the time-variation study into
one of time- and spatial-variations. This manuscript traces
the research in the past three decades and concludes w i t h
the current picture of the heliosphere.
INTRODUCTION
EXTENSIVE AIR
SHOWER ARRAY
N,Pn,p
•
The historic 1912 balloon ascent by Victor Hess carrying
e q u i p m e n t established w i t h certainty the extra-terrestrial
nature of cosmic rays. Soon it became clear that cosmic rays
were not electromagnetic radiation but consisted of electrically charged particles; the primaries impinging o n the t o p
of the atmosphere were clearly identified as atomic nuclei
of elements. Protons were the most abundant, followed by
4 Physics in Canada
DETECTOR
January 1990-
MESON
TELESCOPE
NEUTRON
MONITOR
High-energy nucléons
- Secondary, tertiary, etc. disintegration products
(nucléons)
- Atomic nuclei of terrestrial atmosphere
Fig. 1. Propagation of the energy of a primary cosmic ray charged
particle through the terrestrial atmosphere. There are
three modes of energy transfer of the incoming particle
through the atmosphere to sea level or even below, the
nucleonic component, the meson component, and the
electromagnetic component.
for the incoming particle passing through the atmosphere
to sea-level or below: (a) the nuclear-active or nucleonic
component (b) the hard or meson component and (c) the soft
or electromagnetic component. One of these three mechanisms predominates depending on the primary particle
energy.
High energy protons and neutrons (disintegration products
from primaries interacting with atmospheric nuclei) give rise
to the nucleonic component which then develops into a
cascade process. At higher energies, 7r mesons are also
emitted with nucléons. Charged pions (7r1) turn into muons
(m*) that carry the original charge. ^ mesons are also unstable
but some survive their journey to the Earth. Neutral n mesons
(7r°) decay into gamma rays; these evolve by a succession
of electromagnetic processes into a great many particles
extending over a wide area; this is known as the initiation
of extensive air showers.
The primary galactic cosmic rays extend in energy from 106ev
to perhaps 1020ev. A particle of 109ev passes through an area
one square cm. per second at the top of the atmosphere
while one of 1020ev strikes an area of hundred square
kilometers per year. In the interplanetary medium, four
cosmic ray particles per second pass through an area one
square cm. The cosmic ray energy density therein is about
1 x10 21ergs per cubic cm. and is thus comparable to the energy
density of the starlight arriving at the earth.
Cosmic rays are isotropic except for those of solar origin.
The present consensus of cosmic ray physicists is that most
of the cosmic rays are galactic in origin. Hence, these particles
are called galactic cosmic rays, as distinguished from those
of solar origin (solar energetic particles). A certain heliospheric
contribution up to 109ev cannot be excluded. But Hannes
Alfven (1949, 1950, 1984) is the only astrophysicist w h o
emphatically maintains that cosmic rays (except for very high
energies) are entirely of solar or heliospheric origin. The
totality of Voyager observations (Krimigis and Venkatesan,
1988) demonstrates that local acceleration to a few hundred
MeV and even as high as a few GeV is continuously present
throughout the heliosphere. However the evidence in their
paper does not directly address the larger problem of the
origin of all cosmic rays. Hence it is important to keep an
open mind and look for further evidence for the local origin
of cosmic rays of GeV energy, although it must be admitted
that the prevailing view is in terms of galactic cosmic rays
entering at the boundary of the heliosphere and traversing
sunwards (earthwards) in a steady fashion, although modulated by solar activity.
INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR (IGY), THE LANDMARK
The year 1957 was a milestone in the history of cosmic ray
research; a committee headed by Professor Sydney Chapman
oversaw international collaboration on a scale never before
seen. Under the guidance of Dr. D.C. Rose, a number of
neutron monitor stations were set up across Canada, including
the Sulphur Mountain Laboratory, which was the highest
mountain station this far north. In the period 1964-1965, Dr.
H. Carmichael designed the high-counting rate super-neutron
monitor, which soon became the standard detector at all
stations, displacing the low-counting rate IGY-type neutron
monitor.
sphere at the earth and beyond. Flares also generate shock
waves and geomagnetic storms. It is generally agreed that
prior to a flare onset, the energy stored in a current-carrying
magnetic field is in a metastable state. The magnetic field
is reorganized into a more stable newer configuration and
this leads to a sudden release of energy which accounts for
all the subsequent phenomena. This is referred to as magnetic
reconnection.
The solar particles are accelerated and released from the solar
environment; they travel throughout the interplanetary medium, alias the heliosphere. Satellite-borne detectors continuously observe the solar particles of relatively low energy
(tens to hundreds of MeV) for long periods (many days).
Occasionally when particles have energy in excess of a GeV
or so, they are registered by ground-based detectors. Figure
2 shows an example taken from Rose and Katzman (1956).
The intensity profile of the flare event and decay provides
information about the electromagnetic state of the heliosphere. It is interesting to note that a realistic picture of the
interplanetary magnetic field was inferred from ground-based
studies of solar flare increases long before man-made satellites
made in-situ observations.
A Forbush Decrease in Cosmic ray intensity is yet another
impressive transient change; Figure 3 illustrates an example
of this from Fenton et al. (1959). The onset of the decrease
is quite sudden and the m i n i m u m in intensity is reached within
a few hours. The recovery back to the original or a new level
however usually takes several days. Sometimes a second
Forbush Decrease occurs even before the first one has
recovered completely. Often (but not always) a Forbush
Decrease occurs in the wake of a solar flare increase in cosmic
ray intensity and is associated with a geomagnetic storm.
Forbush Decreases are connected with either the interplanetary shock or with a plasma cloud containing magnetic
fields not connected to the sun.
Solar Flare-Associated Shock
X rays, ultraviolet radiation and visible light propagate from
the sun directly to the earth in about 8 minutes. Energetic
protons, alpha particles, and electrons travel along the
3000 -
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2000
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THREE FUNDAMENTAL DISCOVERIES OF SCOTT E. FORBUSH
W e have already mentioned the three important discoveries
of Scott E. Forbush: the solar flare increase, the Forbush
Decrease, and the -11-year (solar cycle) variation in cosmic
ray intensity. A solar flare is a sudden release of a large amount
of energy from the solar chromosphere in the form of photons,
plasma, hard X-rays, bursts of microwave radiation and solar
energetic particles, which are observed within the helio-
I
V:
i
0
01 02 03
04
i
i
05 06
UNIVERSAL
i
i
07 08 09
i
10
TIME
Fig. 2. Nucleonic component as measured by the old neutron
monitor at Ottawa during February 23,1956, 00:00-10:00
Universal Time (UT); note the sudden increase at 03:50
UT (adapted from Rose and Katzman, 1956).
janvier 1990 5
Archimedian spiral lines of the magnetic field in a range of
tens of minutes to days, d e p e n d i n g on the kinetic energy
of the particle and the solar longitude of the flare site. But
the ejected plasma and field are the slowest to propagate;
traveling at speeds of 500 t o 1000 kilometers per second,
they may take 2 t o 3 days to reach the earth. Nevertheless,
half of the flare energy (-1 x 1030 to 1 x 1032ergs) is associated
w i t h the ejected plasma and fields. Near periods of sunspot
maxima, an average of about four to five such solar flare shock
events per m o n t h are detected. The solar-flare-associated
shock (and associated fast stream) produce a number of
effects. W e shall m e n t i o n only the t w o that are relevant to
us: (a) energization of ions and electrons to energies exceeding 1 x 106 electronvolts and several tens of thousands of
electronvolts, respectively, and (b) substantial decreases in the
ambient galactic cosmic-ray flux. The latter arise f r o m particle
interaction w i t h shocks and compressed magnetic fields
downstream.
Forbush Decreases associated w i t h the passage of flareassociated shocks are well known. The cosmic rays in the
path of high-speed solar streams are swept out by particle
drifts in the magnetic field gradients or by reflection of the
energetic particles by the compressed magnetic fields at and
b e h i n d the shock. It is appropriate to point out that a
quantitative shock-dependent three-dimensional model of
Forbush Decrease needs to be developed that is uniformly
applicable to any part of the heliosphere. The inputs needed
are multiple spacecraft observations of shocks and cosmic
rays, providing the characteristics of the shock, the upstream
plasma, and field and relative position of the observation with
respect to the flare site.
An inverse correlation between cosmic ray intensity and solar
activity as represented by sunspot numbers was pointed out
by Forbush (1954). This -11-year modulation is given in
Figure 4 w h i c h shows the c o m b i n e d cosmic ray neutron
m o n i t o r data from Sulphur M o u n t a i n and from Calgary d u r i n g
the interval 1957-1989; solar activity represented by sunspot
numbers is plotted increasing d o w n w a r d , to facilitate com-
>-
9692-
One can further see that the long-term (solar cycle) variations
d u r i n g consecutive solar cycles are different; note the difference in solar activity in the t w o cycles, as reflected in the
corresponding cosmic ray intensity cycle. The ground-based
detectors have monitored the time-variation of cosmic ray
intensity and indirectly the solar input into the interplanetary
medium.
W i t h the advent of the space age in 1957, the study of this
time-variation has been transformed into an investigation of
time- and spatial-variation of cosmic rays. Thus this study now
has become an in-situ probing of the solar environment.
The Heliosphere
Let us now explore h o w far our sun's influence extends! The
interplanetary m e d i u m containing our sun and the nine
planets extends perhaps to about 2 light years (1 light year
= 63 x 103 astronomical units (AU); 1 AU is the average sunearth distance) at w h i c h point our sun's gravitational pull is
balanced by that of its nearest star. In contrast the heliosphere is the extent of the plasma envelope of the sun,
extending from the solar corona where the solar w i n d first
becomes supersonic, t o a distance of perhaps several h u n d r e d
AU; within this region the physical conditions are controlled
by the sun.
The solar w i n d streaming outward from the sun is made up
of particles, mainly protons, electrons and alpha particles
(helium nuclei); these are typically boiled off the solar corona.
Solar gravity is unable to retain the material and thus a
continuous solar w i n d results. The density decreases w i t h
increasing distance from the sun, eventually becoming a low
density w i n d of outward moving particles. The solar w i n d
density near the earth (1 AU) is generally around 5-10 particles
per cubic cm. O n occasions it could reach values of 8001000 atoms per cubic cm; these occur w h e n solar flares and
other disturbances take place in the solar atmosphere.
Figure 5 gives our present view of what the solar environment
looks like. It shows the heliosphere, the inner heliosphere
shock front, and the heliopause. The trajectories of the
spacecraft Pioneers 10 and 11 and Voyagers 1 and 2 all relative
to the direction of the interstellar w i n d are also mentioned.
100-
3
parison of the t w o 11-year cycles. O n e can observe how the
t w o curves in general follow each other although there is
a lag of a few months between the t w o 11-year cycles.
The solar w i n d velocity undergoes a sharp d r o p in the inner
heliospheric shock-front w h e n the supersonic velocity becomes subsonic. It can then be termed solar breeze and can
be deflected away from the heliopause w h i c h is at the
outermost extent of the solar wind. O n e can say that the
outward solar w i n d is restricted by the interstellar medium.
SULPHUR MT.
NEUTRON
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S 75
I M II I I
II II I I I
II I I II
1957 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990
YEAR
I
J
L
21 October 1957
J
L
-L
22 October 1957
Fig. 3. Forbush Decrease as observed by the neutron monitors
at Sulphur Mountain and Ottawa during October 22,1957
(adapted from Fenton et al., 1959).
6 Physics in Canada
January 1990-
Fig. 4. 11 -year solar cycle variation in cosmic ray intensity during
|uly 1957-March 1989. Upper curve gives solar activity
as represented by mean monthly sunspot number plotted
inverted (increasing downwards) to facilitate comparison.
The lower curve gives the mean monthly cosmic ray
intensity as registered by the neutron monitors at Sulphur
Mountain and Calgary.
The heliopause thus confines the solar w i n d w i t h i n a magnetic
b u b b l e and gives rise to the name, heliomagnetosphere or
heliosphere for short. W i t h i n the region of the shock front
the magnetic field is along the so-called Archimedian spiral,
while the plasma o u t f l o w is radial; outside the shock front,
the magnetic fields are disordered and the plasma flow is
visualized as turbulent.
A shock wave (in fluid dynamics) is a surface across w h i c h
the normal c o m p o n e n t of the fluid velocity and density and
pressure undergo discontinuous changes. The transition in
reality occurs in a layer of finite thickness; so by discontinuous
we mean that the thickness of transition is small compared
w i t h the scale length of the fluids on either side of the layer.
For example, the bow shock is only -10 km thick.
Beyond the heliopause is the outerstellar w i n d ; the interstellar
medium contains fields and particles unaffected by the solar
plasma. The m o t i o n of the solar system in the interstellar
medium is believed to generate a b o w shock. Currently we
d o not know where the heliopause is; guesstimates place it
between 50 and 150 A U from the sun in the direction the
solar system is travelling. W e have no knowledge how abruptly
the density of material changes, once w e cross the heliopause.
Locating the heliopause and f i n d i n g out the nature of the
interstellar m e d i u m beyond the heliopause is an important
quest. Outside the heliopause one expects to find the stellar
w i n d flow.
The occurrence of shock waves can be explained in terms
of a simple gas dynamical situation in w h i c h a gas f l o w i n g
w i t h a uniform supersonic velocity encounters a blunt, stationary object, such as a planet. Since the gas flow exceeds
the sound speed, the presence of the object cannot be
c o m m u n i c a t e d to the incident gas by low amplitude sound
waves. The formation of a bow shock is nature's answer to
this dilemma. In order that the gas be deflected around the
object, a bow shock wave must form in the upstream flow.
As the gas crosses the bow shock, it is heated and compressed,
and its flow velocity is suddenly decreased in magnitude to
a subsonic speed and is refracted in direction, so that the
shocked gas flows around the object.
In brief, the sun continuously emits a supersonic magnetized
plasma (the solar wind) containing scattering centres of
chaotic magnetic fields. Initially there are no cosmic rays in
the solar plasma, but gradually the galactic cosmic rays diffuse
into the heliosphere. The scattering centres that are carried
outward from the sun by the solar w i n d tend to carry the
cosmic ray population w i t h them. Eventually a quasi-steady
state of outward convective flux equalling the net inward
diffusive flux of cosmic rays is reached.
Earlier conjectures considered this region of cosmic ray
m o d u l a t i o n to be spherically symmetric, w i t h a radius o f - 5 A U .
This has been subsequently revised upwards; a current
guesstimate of this heliosphere boundary is about 100-150AU.
Outside the heliospheric boundary the interstellar cosmic ray
spectrum w o u l d be found. The heliospheric boundary is a
fundamental quantity w i t h w h i c h cosmic ray physicists are
concerned. There is also a surmise that this boundary could
be shifting in and out, modulated by solar activity.
There are many interesting consequences of the supersonic
nature of the solar w i n d . A spectacular result is the formation
of a bow shock in front of the magnetosphere. Let us consider
some basic ideas about shock waves.
I
Supersonic solar wind
Turbulent flow
Fig. 5. Conceptual picture of the heliosphere. The Voyager 1 &
2 and Pioneer 11 are headed (not shown in figure) towards
the apex that is the direction in which the solar system
is moving. Pioneer 10 proceeds in the opposite direction
(also not shown in figure) along the heliospheric tail.
A plasma flow past an obstacle at a velocity greater than the
velocities of all the various plasma waves that may be propagated presents a problem very similar to that encountered
in the study of the supersonic flow of an ordinary gas.
However, in an ordinary gas passing t h r o u g h a shock wave
a partial change of its kinetic energy of bulk m o t i o n occurs.
This change is brought about by binary collisions w h i c h cause
a randomization of the directed velocities of the gas molecules. In plasmas, however, collisions are negligible (for
example, in the solar wind, the mean free path is 10 6 -10 7 km),
and instead a collisionless shock takes place. It is probably
wave-particle interactions that replace collisions as the agency
responsible for the randomization and thereby convert the
relatively cool supersonic plasma into the outgoing hot
subsonic plasma in the magnetosheath.
In summary, the b o w shock is a transition region in w h i c h
the solar w i n d becomes subsonic so that it may flow past
the magnetosphere. Satellite measurements have verified that
the simple fluid dynamic model of the magnetosphere-bow
shock system provides a useful means to calculate the equilibrium distance and shape of the bow shock. This result holds
at least on the sunward side and is greatly simplified by the
fact that the interplanetary magnetic field, w h i c h is about
5 x 10 5 gauss, is negligible. This is because the solar w i n d
kinetic energy density is -0.2 erg cnv 2 s-' w h i c h is m u c h larger
than the magnetic field energy density, -0.003 erg cm 2 s 1 .
Hence the flow energy dominates the magnetic field energy,
and fluid mechanics can be used. Lastly, w e should m e n t i o n
that in 1971, Fairfield reported that the axis of symmetry of
the bow shock was tilted about 6° west of the sun. This is
only 1° larger than that attributed to the 5° aberration effects
of the solar wind.
The question of whether Forbush Decreases are additionally
superposed on the long-term (~11-year) variation or whether
the long-term variation is itself the cumulative effect of a
series of Forbush Decreases has been debated for a long time.
An apparent relationship between the magnitude and frequency of Forbush Decreases and the -11-year variation exists
as pointed out by Lockwood and W e b b e r (1984); using the
frequency and intensity of the Forbush Decreases, they
generated a suitable time-dependent f u n c t i o n w i t h w h i c h
they r e p r o d u c e d the cosmic ray intensity profile as a function
of time d u r i n g the epoch 1955-65. However, a current study
by Mathews and Venkatesan (1989) casts some d o u b t on this.
The heliosphere is a m e d i u m populated by energetic particles
injected at its centre (solar energetic particles) and particles
entering across its boundary or heliopause (galactic cosmic
rays). It is a dynamic region, modulating and modifying the
t w o particle components w i t h its space- and time-dependent
janvier 1990
7
structures and creating new energetic particles out of the
supersonic solar w i n d at planetary b o w shocks f o r m e d on
the sunward side by the supersonic solar w i n d encountering
an obstacle (planet). This also happens at interaction regions
between slow and fast solar streams and at the solar w i n d
termination shock p r o d u c e d by the change of supersonic
w i n d into subsonic w i n d . Interplanetary travelling shock
waves are transient manifestations of the phenomena of
coronal mass ejections and of solar flares.
The interplanetary magnetic field, drawn out of the sun by
the material flow, is a key factor in the organization of the
heliosphere. The conductivity is infinite at the sun and
consequently there can be no relative m o t i o n between the
magnetic field and the plasma; this is what Hannes Alfven
initially called the " f r o z e n - i n " magnetic field. Changes in the
solar magnetic field w i t h the solar cycle have been studied
and the concept of a warped heliospheric current sheet
organizing the interplanetary field has emerged, as pointed
out by Rosenberg and W i n g e (1974).
Hannes Alfven refers to the "ballerina skirt" model of the
heliosphere: the o u t w a r d expansion of the solar wind, combined w i t h the rotation of the Sun, gives rise to t w o important
physical phenomena. First, the solar plasma tends to be
confined t o a sheet-like region around the solar equator
f o r m i n g a "plasma sheet" in the heliosphere, somewhat
analogous t o the plasma sheet in the Earth's magnetotail.
Second, because the solar magnetic field is e m b e d d e d in
the radially o u t w a r d flowing solar plasma, yet tied firmly to
the Sun at the solar photosphere, the field in interplanetary
space forms a spiral pattern, similar to that p r o d u c e d by a
rotating garden water sprinkler. The heliosphere plasma sheet
is not rigid but rather assumes a warped, fairly wavy pattern
in interplanetary space, so that at any given time the Earth
or the other planets can be above, below or w i t h i n the plasma
sheet. At the orbit of Earth, the interplanetary magnetic field
makes an average angle to the radial direction of -45°; at
the orbit of Jupiter the interplanetary field is nearly perpendicular t o the Sun-planet line. As this hot (million degree)
solar w i n d expands past the orbits of the various planets,
it interacts w i t h the planetary environments in a variety of
ways. The most important of these is that great changes occur
in the heliospheric magnetic structure d u r i n g the course of
the sunspot cycle. Near sunspot minima, the current sheet
(the boundary between the magnetic field towards and away
from the sun) is nearly equatorial w i t h four small excursions
away f r o m the solar equatorial plane in each rotation. Since
the ecliptic plane is tilted only 7° to the solar equator, even
these small 10° t o 15° excursions are large enough to affect
the earth and p r o d u c e the four-sector structure c o m m o n l y
observed in the interplanetary magnetic field. Near sunspot
maxima, the structure becomes quite complex. The structure
simplifies somewhat w i t h a decrease in activity to a situation
indicating t w o sectors in the interplanetary magnetic field.
Later, four sectors again emerge.
VARIATIONS OF COSMIC RAY INTENSITY
As cosmic rays traverse the heliosphere, their intensity variations reflect the state of the heliosphere and changes w i t h i n
it. These changes arise f r o m various solar phenomena that
c o n t r i b u t e to the continuously evolving heliosphere, as w e
have seen. Since the solar inputs leave their imprint on cosmic
rays, a systematic study of cosmic-ray intensity variations in
space and time provides a m o n i t o r of conditions in the
heliosphere. Theoretical models of the solar modulation of
cosmic ray intensity are at present undergoing modification
to include the obvious three-dimensional nature of the
heliosphere. Galactic cosmic ray particles are incident on the
heliospheric boundary isotropically; however, the propagat i o n conditions there and in the outer heliosphere can only
be c o n j e c t u r e d as in-situ observations have not yet been
8 Physics in Canada
January 1990-
made. Various factors involved are inward diffusion, outward
convection by the solar wind, and processes like adiabatic
deceleration of higher energy particles, particle drifts produced by the gradient and curvature of the interplanetary
magnetic field, and the role of solar flare-produced interplanetary shocks. Whether the heliosphere is spherically
symmetric is also a most relevant question.
The sector structure of the solar w i n d is related t o the wavy
neutral sheet of the solar system that connects to the large
scale magnetic field of the rotating sun, as pointed out earlier.
It is to be noted that microscopic plasma processes regulate
the solar w i n d thermal c o n d u c t i o n and diffusion and possibly
local acceleration of particles in solar w i n d structures. For
a complete understanding of the transport of energy, momentum, plasma, magnetic field, energetic particles and
cosmic ray modulation, we have to investigate the following:
1) Coronal processes governing the generation, structure and
variability of the solar wind, 2) the 3-dimensional properties
of the solar w i n d (and heliosphere), 3) the solar plasma, i.e.
the solar wind, transports and accelerates energetic particles
t h r o u g h o u t the heliosphere and 4) cosmic ray modulation
by the heliosphere with its available solar input.
Concluding Remarks
We have described the various aspects of the heliosphere
and cosmic-ray intensity variations and we have seen that
the solar interaction w i t h its environment (namely, the heliosphere) is complex and varied. O n e of the important questions
that has repeatedly appeared in this discussion is " H o w far
away is the helospheric boundary?" The continuously evolving character of the outer heliosphere is closely connected
to this question. The in-situ observations of the Pioneer and
Voyager satellites have c o n t r i b u t e d (and are still contributing)
to our knowledge of the heliosphere at progressively greater
distances and higher latitudes.
The high-speed solar w i n d streams, the interaction of these
fast streams with the slow streams and the resultant formation
of corotating interaction regions, the possible interaction
among shocks, and the complex large-scale flows f r o m the
sun, all require further study. A synthesis of the interplanetary
magnetic field data and plasma observations is important, and
the modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere needs to
be addressed.
W e have come a long way since July 1957 w h e n D.C. Rose
set up a chain of neutron monitors across Canada to measure
the cosmic ray intensity. The probing of the heliosphere by
the w o r l d w i d e network of cosmic ray detectors played and
still plays a significant role in our understanding of the subject.
W e are making in-situ observations at distances of -45 AU.
Figure 5 represents our conceptual overview of the heliosphere. The interplanetary medium, w i t h its sparse distribution of gas and solid particles that comprise the heliosphere,
defines the region of d o m i n a t i o n of solar activity and thus
of solar control and influence o n diverse phenomena. Spherical symmetry had been assumed in the past but is now clearly
invalid. The m o t i o n of the solar system in the interstellar
medium may generate a bow shock. The region between the
boundary of the heliosphere (heliopause) and the b o w shock
contains the compressed interstellar magnetic field (of perhaps 1 x 10"6 gauss). The continuous o u t f l o w of solar w i n d
at supersonic speed becomes subsonic outside the termination shock. The subsonic solar w i n d and the interstellar
plasma are separated from the heliosphere by the heliopause.
W i t h i n the region of the shock front, the magnetic field is
along the Archimedean spiral, while the plasma o u t f l o w is
radial; outside the shock front, the magnetic fields are disordered and the plasma flow is visualized as turbulent. Outside
the heliopause, one expects to find the stellar w i n d flow.
The distances of the termination shock and heliopause, as
has been pointed out already, are under debate. O n l y time
will tell how realistic our picture of the heliosphere is.
Acknowledgment
I wish to acknowledge all the grants f r o m the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Ottawa) for
grants since 1957, including grant 69-1565 to Venkatesan and
Mathews, of the Physics Department, University of Calgary,
w h i c h has allowed the operation of the neutron monitors
at Sulphur M o u n t a i n (1957-78) and at Calgary (1964-present).
I also wish to acknowledge the Applied Physics Laboratory,
Johns Hopkins University, Laurel sub-contract 601566, w h i c h
has enabled the study of in-situ observations in the heliosphere. In conclusion, I wish to thank R.B. Decker, Applied
Physics Laboratory/Johns Hopkins University, Laurel (MD) for
comments on this manuscript.
References
Alfvén, Hannes (1949), Phys. Rev., 75, 1732.
Alfvén, Hannes (1950), Phys. Rev., 77, 375.
Alfvén, Hannes (1984), Private C o m m u n i c a t i o n at Applied
Physics Laboratory/)ohns Hopkins University, Laurel (MD).
Fenton, A.C., K.G. McCracken, D.C. Rose, and B.G. Wilson
(1959), Can. J. Phys., 37, 970.
Krimigis, S.M., and D. Venkatesan (1988), Astrophys. Space
Sci., 144, 463.
Lockwood, J.A., and W.R. Webber (1984), J. Geophys. Res.,
89, 17.
Mathews, T., and D. Venkatesan (1989), Private C o m m u n i cation.
Rose, D.C., and J. Katzman (1956), Can. J. Phys., 34, 884.
Rosenberg, R.L., and C.R. W i n g e (1974), Proc. Solar W i n d
Three, ed. C.T. Russell, p. 300.
PLAN TO ATTEND THE
CAP CORPORATE MEMBERS CONFERENCE
on
The Science and Application of Optics in Canada
March 29, 1990, Bell Northern Research, Ottawa, Ontario
Speakers w i l l i n c l u d e :
Dr. Geraldine Kenney-Wallace, C h a i r m a n , S c i e n c e C o u n c i l of C a n a d a
Dr. Pierre Lavigne, D i r e c t e u r , I n s t i t u t n a t i o n a l d ' o p t i q u e
Professor Henry van Driel, A s s o c i a t e D i r e c t o r , O n t a r i o Laser a n d L i g h t w a v e Research C e n t r e
Dr. John Elliott, P r e s i d e n t , S o l i d State O p t o e l e c t r o n i c s C o n s o r t i u m of C a n a d a
Dr. George Dobrowolsky, N a t i o n a l Research C o u n c i l of C a n a d a
M r . Douglas James, E x e c u t i v e V i c e - P r e s i d e n t , T e c h n o l o g y , L u m o n i c s Inc.
Bell Northern Research — T O BE A N N O U N C E D
For i n f o r m a t i o n a n d p r e - r e g i s t r a t i o n c o n t a c t :
Ms M.L. Jento (613) 2 3 7 - 3 3 9 2
janvier 1 9 9 0
9
Atoms mark the passage of time
By lohn Ponsonby
Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories
Jodrell Bank
University of Manchester, UK
Quantum Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards Jacques Vanier
and Claude A u d o i n 1989 Adam Hilger, Bristol 1567 pp.
£250.00hb
Many given a quartz watch for Christmas and fascinated by
its ability to tell the time correct to a second have been
alarmed after a week to discover it suddenly a full second
in error. This empirical discovery of the leap second, w h i c h
at some New Years is i n t r o d u c e d to extend the old year by
one second, is almost the only public manifestation of the
fact that the world's clocks now run at the rate of International
Atomic Time (TAI). No longer is the second of time 1/86400
of a mean solar day but instead 'is the duration of 9 192 631 770
periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition
between t w o hyperfine levels of the g r o u n d state of the
caesium-133 atom'. T h o u g h the BBC still persists in talking
about Greenwich Mean Time, it actually disseminates Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) w h i c h runs at the rate of
TAI but has to have leap seconds introduced from time to
time to keep it in close accord w i t h the angle of the earth.
The age old role of astronomy of providing the measure of
time has passed to atomic physics. The i n t r o d u c t i o n of atomic
frequency standards or atomic clocks has revolutionised the
measurement of time and frequency and they have c o m e
to fulfil a key role in our technological civilisation, yet they
remain almost perfectly concealed f r o m public awareness.
Most physicists and electronic engineers know of their existence but few, I w o u l d judge, w o u l d know that a run-ofthe-mill hydrogen maser has a fractional frequency stability
of about 10 14 w h i c h regarded as a clock corresponds to an
error of about one hour in the age of the Universe, and that
it is h o p e d new forms of atomic clocks will reach 10 1 7 .
The cognoscenti in this area w o r l d - w i d e are very small in
n u m b e r and amongst t h e m Jacques Vanier and Claude A u d o i n
are t w o of the pre-eminent. No one else is more qualified
to w r i t e the definitive text o n this subject and that they have
achieved magnificently in their long-awaited The Quantum
Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards. They start from first
principles and present all the relevant quantum and classical
physics o n w h i c h the various forms of atomic frequency
standards are based. Their comprehensive w o r k in t w o
volumes amounts to over 1500 pages. The first v o l u m e covers
the basic physics and concepts c o m m o n to all atomic standards, i n c l u d i n g a discussion of the various forms of noise
and the statistical measures used to characterise their performance, whilst the second is devoted to detailed descriptions of the various specific types.
The central notion is the simple quantum mechanical idea
that the frequency v of the radiation associated w i t h a
q u a n t u m j u m p between energy levels £, and f 2 is given by
hv = f , - E2 and that the energy levels of all atoms of a given
type are always and everywhere absolutely identical. In the
development of q u a n t u m atomic physics this is really an article
of philosophical faith, but the success of atomic frequency
standards provides empirical support for this notion to an
astonishing degree.
Three major chapters are devoted to the caesium beam
standard, the hydrogen maser and the r u b i d i u m vapour
devices. The caesium beam standard is of importance as the
primary standard w h i c h realises the unit of time from its
definition. It is an excellent clock but is inherently noisy if
10 Physics in Canada
January 1990-
regarded as a frequency standard. The hydrogen maser,
t h o u g h a secondary standard needing calibration at the 10 1 1
level, is pre-eminent as a source of stable frequency. The
r u b i d i u m vapour devices are notable for their advantages of
small size and relative cheapness. Other atomic and molecular
devices including the ammonia beam maser, w h i c h is mainly
of historical interest, the exciting up-and-coming stored-ion
standards and the matter of laser cooling to reduce the
second-order Doppler shift w h i c h is the number one bugbear
in the field, are all discussed in full detail in a subsequent
chapter.
The matter w h i c h causes me to be w o r k i n g in the field, the
application of atomic frequency standards to very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) in radio astronomy, receives mention in the first paragraph of the f o r e w o r d and again in the
last chapter on the impact of atomic frequency standards
on technology, science and metrology. In between there is
a w h o l e education in physics; unlike some tomes, this w o r k
is clearly intended to be used and understood. O n e reason
it is so long is because every topic is presented from several
points of view: the Doppler effect is discussed first classically,
then q u a n t u m mechanically and finally relativistically and
these various angles provide introductions for readers w i t h
differing backgrounds. Every chapter ends w i t h a n u m b e r of
appendices, each of w h i c h is in effect a tutorial on some
such diverse associated topic as, for instance, Clebsch-Gordan
coefficients, the m o t i o n of an atom in a 2N-pole magnet or
how to measure the Q-factor of a resonant cavity. Some of
these strike me as elementary and some as advanced and
difficult, but all are helpful, and this extensive approach should
make all the material accessible w i t h some study, to someone
w i t h a first degree in physics.
The book shows evidence of having been written or at least
conceived initially in French; the English is excellent and has
retained the precision of the French, but w o r d usage, though
precisely correct, is sometimes not quite what a native English
speaker w o u l d have chosen. One wonders whether there is
some connection between the precision of French thought
and expression and the precision of the atomic frequency
standards themselves. Perhaps the field has special appeal
for the Gallic mind. Certainly it seems to have little appeal
to Anglo-Saxons in the UK, where little has been done in
the field since the pioneering work of Essen at NPL over 20
years ago.
Radio astronomers need atomic frequency standards in pursuit of VLBI and also a superior master terrestrial clock to
what currently exists for the further study of pulsars. So it
is cause for sadness to me, as one with a foot in both camps,
to report their perceived unappreciativeness of atomic frequency standards and of those w h o have produced them.
They w o u l d d o well to study this book to learn to appreciate
the tools at their disposal and to learn what is meant by an
exact science.
To them, t o atomic physicists and t o all those interested in
an amazingly beautiful and precise application of quantum
physics, this book is wholeheartedly recommended.
Reprinted with permission from Physics World Vol. 2, August
1989. Physics World is available at a reduced price ($53.00 Cdn)
to CAP Members and may be ordered through the CAP office.
CAP Affairs/Affaires de l'ACP
Division of Industrial and
Applied Physics/
Division de la Physique
Industrielle et Appliquée
Annual Meeting of the Division
The annual meeting of the Division took place on )une 28,
d u r i n g the CAP Annual meeting in Guelph. The new officers
of t h e D i v i s i o n are listed b e l o w , t o g e t h e r w i t h brief
biographies.
Chairman
Paul Vincett,
Xerox Canada,
Suite 210, 70 First St.,
Orangeville, Ontario L9W 2E5
(519) 942-2440. Fax: (519) 942-2480
Paul is Manager of Advanced Technology at Xerox Canada,
where he is involved in the business and technical develo p m e n t of various Xerox technologies. Prior to this, he
managed the development of an advanced optical information
recording technology at Xerox Research Centre of Canada,
from basic research through business development; for this,
he received the 1987 Kosar Memorial Award of the Society
of Photographic Scientists and Engineers. His other research
interests include the structure and properties of t h i n solids;
he was a member of the Editorial Board of Thin Solid Films
for 5 years. Paul received his B.A. and Ph.D. in physics from
Cambridge University, England. He joined Xerox in 1974, after
positions at Simon Fraser University, ICI's Corporate Laboratory, and the British O p e n University. He has published
about 60 scientific papers and holds a number of patents.
Secretary-Treasurer
lean Bussière,
NRC Industrial Materials Research Institute,
75 de Mortagne,
Boucherville, PQ )4B 6V4
(514) 641-2280. Fax: (514) 641-4627
Jean, w h o was re-elected, is head of a section w o r k i n g on
sensors and instrumentation at the NRC Industrial Materials
Research Institute (IMRI); this section is involved in nondestructive evaluation of materials and structures, and development of sensors for process and quality control. Jean
is interested mainly in nondestructive techniques such as
ultrasonic and magnetic methods for characterizing materials.
He did his Masters and Ph.D. in physics at the University
of Ottawa, and j o i n e d Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1973
to investigate materials for superconducting power transmission cables (the same area, by a strange coincidence, in w h i c h
Paul Vincett did his Ph.D.). He joined the newly-founded IMRI
in 1979. Jean is on the Editorial Boards of tournai of Research
in Non-Destructive
Evaluation, International Advances in NonDestructive Testing, and Journal of the Canadian Society of
Non-Destructive
Testing, and is on the International Advisory
Board of Ultrasonics.
Past-Chairman
Barry Paton,
Dept. of Physics, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, NS B3H 3J5
(902) 424-2342. Fax: (902) 424-2319
Barry is Professor of Physics at Dalhousie and leader of the
fibre optics research group. He is an avid supporter of applied
physics; he spent a sabattical year at the Centre for Ocean
Technology, Nova Scotia Research Foundation, was a founding member of the Applied Microelectronics Institute in
Halifax, and was a founder of Focal Technologies, a hightech company active in fibre-optics. His research interests
are in the fields of fibre-optic sensors and sensor buses, and
integrated optical devices. Barry received his B.Sc. and M.Sc.
from Waterloo and his Ph.D. from McGill. He joined Dalhousie
after a postdoctoral fellowship at Cambridge University,
England.
DIAP Sessions at the 1989 Congress
The Division organized 1 invited paper session and 2 contributed paper sessions (1 oral and one poster). These were
described in the May newsletter. All were well attended and
successful.
1990 Congress
The 1990 CAP Congress will be held at Memorial University,
Newfoundland, on |une 18-20. The present chairman is
anxious to receive suggestions for invited papers as soon as
possible. I w o u l d particularly like to be able to organize at
least one session to emphasize the excellent physics w h i c h
is done in private Canadian industry, as this is often not wellk n o w n to the academic c o m m u n i t y . However, all good applied physics suggestions are very welcome.
CAP Council Meetings
A major topic at recent Council meetings and at the Annual
business meeting was the need to improve the financial
situation of the CAP. W h i l e membership has increased slightly,
it is still well below the peak achieved in the 1970's, and
costs have risen. Various measures were adopted to improve
the situation, ranging f r o m membership drives to various
modifications to the fee structure.
While in many cases we look south of the border for our
subject-based societies, there is little d o u b t that we all need
a clear voice for physicists in Canada. W h e t h e r this is to try
to improve government support and public perception of
physics and physicists, to protect physicists against legislated
encroachment from other professions, to provide a means
for scientific input to public policy questions, or simply to
p r o m o t e local cross-fertilization between different specialties
of physics, we delude ourselves if w e expect our American
cousins to take care of us. W o u l d we expect them to do
so in any other important aspect of our national life? I believe
that we need to support the CAP by ensuring that we
c o m m u n i c a t e our expectations to the Association, by encouraging our colleagues to join, and generally by trying to raise
the visibility of physics in Canada by whatever means are
available to us in our various capacities.
W h i c h brings us to the question of what role you w o u l d like
to see DIAP play in general.
Role of the Division
The role of DIAP is an unusual one, since the scientific
interests of its members extend over a much wider range
than those of most Divisions. Moreover, the interests of
industrial members are to some extent served by the activities
designed for Corporate members. W e have been giving much
thought to the role that the Division should play, and w o u l d
like to hear members' opinions. My o w n feeling is that a very
important area is to institutionalize some activities w h i c h
might t e n d to bridge the yawning gap between the academic
and industrial communities in Canada, particularly by making
the academic c o m m u n i t y more aware of what is happening
in industry. Some of the activities w h i c h are presently unLa Physique au Canada
janvier 1990
11
dertaken by DIAP, or w h i c h possibly could be, including
several w h i c h might address the problem I just mentioned,
are listed below.
Let's hear f r o m you: the Division can only be what you want
it to be if w e know what you want!
DIAP Prize
The DIAP Prize for Innovative Applied Physics has been offered
and administered by DIAP for some time (although not every
year), and seems t o be a good way of enhancing the visibility
of applied and industrial physics and of encouraging young
industrial physicists w h o cannot always spend the time in
any one field w h i c h is necessary to become an authority in
an academic sense. The award is presented at the annual
CAP Congress. My inclination w o u l d be to try to award this
prize every year or every other year, perhaps saving some
money by making it only a handsome plaque or medal rather
than the rather modest cash award w h i c h the Division can
afford (money doesn't motivate physicists, does it?). O n e
c o n c e r n is that the DIAP prize does not yet c o m m a n d quite
the prestige of the t w o main CAP prizes (the Medal for
Achievement in Physics, and the Herzberg Medal). It may be
desirable to seek the help of Council to start to change this.
Annual Congress Sessions
The Division organizes invited symposia at the Annual Congress, and is also represented on the program committee
w h i c h selects and allocates c o n t r i b u t e d papers. Presumably,
this role should continue.
Short Courses
Some time ago, the division was invited by CAP to play a
leading role in the organization of short industrial workshops.
The last such course was Advances in Sensors and Their
Application, organized by George Mackenzie in May, 1988.
W h i l e such courses can be most valuable and can make
significant money, they are exceedingly time consuming for
the organizers. There is a feeling amongst the DIAP executive
that w e need to share the onus w i t h other Divisions, and
I am personally even inclined t o think that the benefits t o
the Division and to CAP from any given course may be too
short-term to justify the time needed.
has been made that DIAP could compile and make available
a registry of physics faculty and others w h o are willing to
act as consultants, together w i t h their area of expertise; a
small fee could be charged for this or for customized referrals.
O n e question is whether there is already any such service
available, perhaps commercially.
Advocacy on Behalf of Applied Physicists
Advocacy can take t w o forms, in support of our o w n profession, or in support of public issues in w h i c h we have a
special expertise. M u c h of the former kind of t h i n g is already
dealt w i t h by the Corporate members, but there may be other
issues that our members w o u l d like us to address. In the
public area, executive members clearly should and do keep
an eye open for areas where we should make our voices
heard. A recent example w h i c h has been suggested is the
disappointing response of our governments to calls for action
on the greenhouse effect, delays w h i c h are being partly
justified on the basis of scientific uncertainty. Clearly, this
is an area in w h i c h physicists have an expertise, and (perhaps
in c o n j u n c t i o n with other Divisions) we could propose to
Council that CAP take a public stand here.
Paul Vincett
Science and Technology Week — 1990
Dear Colleagues:
The Minister of State for Science and Technology, W m .
Winegard, has announced that there will be a National
Science and Technology Week in October 1990 to bring a
higher profile to science and technology in Canada.
W e are looking for CAP member suggestions on activities
and events that the Association could sponsor or coordinate
to help focus the public's attention on science and technology
during this designated week.
O n e suggestion that I have w o u l d be for physicists to make
arrangements t h r o u g h local TV stations to tape short segments
of various scientific activities that could be shown locally or,
better still, incorporated into a collection of similar "shorts"
for producing a half hour program for national viewing.
Please send your suggestions to the CAP office. W e are looking
for ideas that w o u l d not cost our Association any money.
DIAP Lecturer
It has been suggested that a good way to generate increased
visibility for applied physics and to foster links between the
industrial and academic communities, as well as informing
students about the excitement of applied physics, c o u l d be
an annual DIAP lecture series. This c o u l d emulate the present
CAP lecture series, w h i c h is not usually directed to applied
physics, or (if Council agreed) could be a part of it. If the
former, it w o u l d need significant funds, but such money might
be f o r t h c o m i n g from industrial sponsors.
The Division of Physics Education at the 1990
Congress — Joint meeting with Newfoundland high school
Annual "Physics in Canada" DIAP Paper
Another suggestion, aimed at precisely the same objectives,
w o u l d be for the Division to sponsor a major annual review
of an applied area where a Canadian institution is making
important contributions, the review t o be published ir\ Physics
in Canada. Again, some kind of award c o u l d be given to the
author, and the hope w o u l d be that the invitation to write
the annual paper w o u l d become somewhat prestigious.
Naturally, this proposal w o u l d need the concurrence of the
editor of Physics in Canada.
The theme of the Tuesday morning, Division of Physics
Education session will be "The Use of Computer and Video
Technologies in Enhancing Physics Education". C o n t r i b u t e d
papers should be on this theme.
Consultant/Collaborator Registry
Many times, an industrial company will quickly need to find
an expert in a given field, for a consultancy or even for a
j o i n t approach to government for f u n d i n g a research program.
Finding the right person is not always easy. The suggestion
January 1990-
Allan A. Offenberger
President
physics teachers.
The high school teachers conference, June 17-19, will open
on Sunday, June 17 w i t h workshops running from 2-5 p.m.
and 7-10 p.m. The titles of the workshops will be announced
in the March issue of Physics in Canada. CAP Congress
registrants may preregister for these workshops at no additional charge.
It is expected that the teachers will attend this Tuesday
m o r n i n g session w h i c h is included in their registration fees.
All sessions of the CAP Congress and the Teacher's Conference will be open to delegates of both groups. The program
of the Teachers Conference will be available at registration.
Chris Deacon, Chair,
Divisions of Physics Education
1990 CAP Congress
Congrès ACP 1990
GENERAL INFORMATION
RENSEIGNEMENTS GÉNÉRAUX
The President of Memorial University of Newfoundland, Dr.
Leslie Harris, welcomes all participants to the Forty-fifth
Annual Congress of the Canadian Association of Physicists
w h i c h will be held at the Memorial University of N e w f o u n d land from Monday June 18 to Wednesday June 20, 1990. This
is the second time that the C.A.P. will meet at Memorial,
the previous occasion being in 1974.
Le président de la Memorial University of Newfoundland, le
Dr Leslie Harris, souhaite la bienvenue aux participants du
quarante-cinquième congrès annuel de l'Association canadienne des physiciens, qui se tiendra du lundi 18 juin au
mercredi 20 juin 1990 dans cette université. Ce sera la
deuxième fois que l'ACP y tiendra son congrès, la première
remontant à 1974.
TRAVEL
VOYAGE
Unless the Congress is being added to a vacation stay in
Newfoundland, the only practical travel is by air. To take
advantage of advance booking weekend excursion fares, the
University residences will be available f r o m Saturday June
16. For those w h o wish to drive, advance reservation on the
Marine Atlantic car ferries f r o m North Sydney to Argentia
(19 hours) or Port aux Basques (6 hours) are required (from
Ontario and Quebec except area code 807, 1-800-565-9411;
from the Maritimes, 1-800-563-7701; from Newfoundland,
1-800-563-7701 ).
À moins d'être en vacances à Terre-Neuve au m o m e n t du
congrès, le seul moyen pratique d'accès est l'avion. Les
résidences de l'Université p o u r r o n t vous héberger à partir
du samedi 16 juin pour que vous puissiez bénéficier du tarif
d'excursion du week-end avec réservation à l'avance. En
voiture, il faut réserver à l'avance sa place sur les traversiers
de Marine Atlantic, de North Sydney à Argentia (19 heures)
ou à Port-aux-Basques (6 heures). En Ontario et au Québec
(sauf le code régional 807), téléphoner au 1 -800-565-9411; dans
les Maritimes, 1-800-563-7701; à Terre-Neuve, 1-800-563-7701.
The designated official airline for the Congress is Air Canada.
The booking of flights t h r o u g h the Convention Central of
Air Canada provides a dual benefit: (1) access to convention
discounts and other special fares w h i l e still accumulating
Aeroplan points and (2) assistance to C.A.P. through the
complimentary tickets assigned to C.A.P. as the conference
organizer. This second point will be an especially valuable
benefit to the C.A.P. budget. Bookings should be made through
Air Canada Convention Central (1-800-361-7585 in Newfoundland, Western Canada or the United States; 1-800-363-6498
in Eastern Canada or the Maritimes). Refer to Event Number
90-397.
La compagnie aérienne officielle retenue pour le congrès est Air
Canada. Il y a un d o u b l e avantage à réserver vos places à
la Centrale des congrès d'Air Canada : 1) vous bénéficierez
d'un rabais pour le congrès et d'autres tarifs spéciaux tout
en accumulant des points d'aéroplan; 2) vous aiderez l'ACP,
puisqu'elle recevra des billets gratuits à titre d'organisatrice
du congrès, ce qui est particulièrement important pour son
budget. Pour réserver à la Centrale des congrès d'Air Canada :
à Terre-Neuve, dans l'Ouest du Canada ou aux États-Unis,
1-800-361-7585; dans l'Est du Canada ou les Maritimes, 1-800363-6498. Indiquer le numéro du congrès : 90-397.
Memorial University of Newfoundland is located about 5
minutes by car f r o m the St. John's International Airport. Taxi
and limousine services are available from the airport to the
University and hotels. Limousine reservations are not necessary. Airport car rental counters are operated by Avis, Budget,
Thrifty, and Tilden. Advanced reservation for car rentals is
r e c o m m e n d e d . Car rentals f r o m other nationally k n o w n
companies are available in the city.
L'Université est à 5 minutes en voiture de l'aéroport international de St. John's. Pour aller de l'aéroport à l'Université
et aux hôtels, on peut prendre un taxi ou une limousine (il
est inutile de réserver pour la limousine).
O n peut aussi louer une voiture à l'une des compagnies
représentées à l'aéroport : Avis, Budget, Thrifty, Tilden. Il est
conseillé de réserver à l'avance. D'autres sociétés de location
de voitures d'envergure nationale ont des bureaux en ville.
REGISTRATION
INSCRIPTION
Registration will take place Sunday from 12 noon to 8:30 p.m.
in the foyer of Cushue Hall, the site of the Sunday evening
reception. On-campus accommodation is in the buildings
s u r r o u n d i n g the courtyard w h i c h opens off Gushue Hall. O n
the other days, registration will take place in the mornings
in the foyer of the Alexander Murray Building in the Exhibits
Area. All participants must be registered and are requested
to wear their name tags at all times.
L'inscription se fera le dimanche de midi à 20 h 30, dans
l'entrée du Gushue Hall, où aura lieu la réception du dimanche
soir. L'hébergement sur le campus se fera dans les bâtiments
entourant la cour qui d é b o u c h e sur le Gushue Hall. Les autres
jours, l'inscription se fera le matin dans l'entrée de l'immeuble
Alexander Murray, dans l'aire d'exposition. Tous les participants d o i v e n t s'inscrire et p o r t e r en p e r m a n e n c e leur
macaron.
ACCOMMODATION
HÉBERGEMENT
Participants seeking a c c o m m o d a t i o n should reserve their
rooms directly w i t h the hotel of their choice or w i t h the
University Residences. Early reservation is r e c o m m e n d e d
since r o o m blocks in the hotels will be held only until May
15 and, in the university, only until May 25, 1990. After this
date, rooms will be allocated according to availability.
Les demandes d'hébergement doivent être adressées directement à l'hôtel de votre choix ou aux résidences universitaires. Il est recommandé de réserver tôt car les chambres
réservées ne seront garanties que jusqu'au 15 mai 1990 dans
les hôtels, et jusqu'au 25 mai à l'Université. Après cette date,
les chambres seront attribuées selon les possibilités.
On Campus: A c c o m m o d a t i o n can be reserved using the
enclosed " O n - C a m p u s A c c o m m o d a t i o n " form. The University Residences are located next to the Chemistry-Physics
Building. The Alexander Murray Building is linked to the
Chemistry-Physics Building by an overhead walkway w h i c h
Sur le campus: O n peut réserver à l'aide du formulaire cijoint " H é b e r g e m e n t sur le campus". Les résidences sont à
côté du pavillon de physique-chimie. L'immeuble Alexander
Murray est relié au bâtiment de la physique-chimie par une
passerelle aérienne qui enjambe la promenade Prince Phillip.
janvier 1 9 9 0
13
crosses Prince Phillip Parkway. A large number of d o u b l e
rooms and a limited n u m b e r of single rooms are available.
The q u o t e d on-campus r o o m and meal rates include the
provincial sales tax. O n arrival in St. John's, participants staying
on-campus should check in at Blackall House directly before
registering for the conference in order to avoid a walk w i t h
their luggage. The residence registration desk will be open
f r o m 8:00 a.m. until after the last flight of the day has arrived
w h i c h is sometime past midnight.
Il y a beaucoup de chambres doubles et quelques chambres
seules. Les forfaits proposés sur le campus comprennent la
taxe de vente provinciale. À leur arrivée à St. John's, les
participants hébergés en résidence doivent aller se présenter
directement à la Blackall House avant de s'inscrire au congrès
pour éviter d'avoir à marcher avec leurs bagages. Le bureau
d'inscription de la résidence sera ouvert de 8 h du matin
jusqu'à l'arrivée du dernier vol, vers minuit.
Off Campus: Blocks of rooms have been reserved at four local
hotels. To obtain preferential rates on hotel rooms, you must
use the "Off-Campus A c c o m m o d a t i o n " form enclosed or
otherwise state your association w i t h the Canadian Association of Physicists. The q u o t e d hotel r o o m rates are subject
to the Provincial Sales Tax (currently 12%). All hotels have
free parking, a d i n i n g room, and allow children to stay for
free in the parent's r o o m although the age criteria differ
among the hotels.
Hors campus : Des chambres sont réservées dans quatre hôtels
locaux. Pour bénéficier du tarif préférentiel, vous devez
utiliser le formulaire "Hébergement hors campus", ou indiquer votre affiliation à l'Association canadienne des physiciens. Les tarifs indiqués sont assujettis à la taxe de vente
provinciale (12% actuellement). Tous les hôtels ont un stationnement gratuit, un restaurant, et acceptent sans supplément les enfants dans la chambre de leurs parents, mais les
critères d'âge diffèrent d'un établissement à l'autre.
Holiday Inn, 180 Portugal Cove Road, telephone 709-722-0506,
Fax 709-722-9756. Located just south-east of Pippy Park, this
hotel is about 2 km from campus and has full services including
d i n i n g room, lounge and swimming pool.
Holiday Inn, 180 chemin Portugal Cove. Téléphone 709-7220506, fax 709-722-9756. Au sud-est du parc Pippy et à environ
2 km du campus, cet hôtel offre tous les services, y compris
un restaurant, un salon et une piscine.
Hotel Newfoundland, (a CP Hotel), Cavendish Square, telephone 709-726-4980, Fax 709-726-2025. This hotel, in the
historic east end of the city, is just over 3 km from the
university. It features a heated swimming pool, squash courts,
sauna and fitness equipment.
Hôtel Newfoundland (hôtel du CP), place Cavendish. Téléphone 709-726-4980, fax 709-726-2025. Situé dans le quartier
est historique de la ville, cet hôtel est à un peu plus de 3
km de l'Université. Il possède une piscine chauffée, des courts
de squash, un sauna et des installations de c o n d i t i o n n e m e n t
physique.
Radisson Plaza Hotel, 120 New Gower Street, telephone 709739-6404, Fax 709-739-4154. Located in d o w n t o w n St. John's,
this new hotel is about 3 km from the university and has
full services including d i n i n g room, lounges and swimming
pool.
Hôtel Radisson Plaza, 120 rue New Gower. Téléphone 709739-6404, fax 709-739-4154. Installé au centre-ville de St.
John's, ce nouvel hôtel est à environ 3 km de l'Université
et offre tous les services, notamment un restaurant, des salons
et une piscine.
Stel Battery Hotel, 100 Signal Hill Road, telephone 709-5760040, Fax 709-576-6943. This hotel features an Olympic-size
s w i m m i n g pool, w h i r l p o o l , and sauna. Many of its rooms offer
a spectacular view of the St. John's harbour. It is located about
4 km f r o m campus on historic Signal Hill.
Hôtel Stel Battery, 100 chemin Signal Hill. Téléphone 709-5760040, fax 709-576-6943. Cet établissement offre une piscine
olympique, un bain t o u r b i l l o n et un sauna. Beaucoup de
chambres ont une vue superbe sur le port de St. John's. Il
est à environ 4 km du campus, sur la colline historique de
Signal Hill.
SOCIAL EVENTS
ACTIVITÉS SOCIALES
St. John's is located o n the eastern t i p of N o r t h America and
not w i t h i n easy driving distance of any other major centres.
The d o w n t o w n combines m o d e r n buildings and historic
architecture u n i q u e to the Atlantic region. The rugged coastline near the city offers a w i d e range of spectacular walks
and hikes. Signal Hill National Park, the site of Marconi's
famous experiment, provides a view of the city, the harbour
and Cape Spear, the eastern-most point in North America.
Fishing villages are f o u n d nestled in small bays w i t h i n a half
hour's drive from d o w n t o w n . There are a variety of tourist
facilities in and around the city including boat tours in the
harbour and to an offshore bird sanctuary located about an
hour's drive f r o m the city. A few hours driving takes the tourist
to the Avalon Wilderness sanctuary w h i c h is home to a large
caribou herd. Farther south on the Avalon Peninsula is the
Cape St. Mary's Bird Sanctuary.
Située à l'extrême est de l'Amérique du Nord, St. John's est
difficile d'accès par la route à partir des grands centres urbains.
Son centre-ville allie des immeubles modernes et une architecture historique unique dans la région Atlantique. Près
de la ville, le littoral est très découpé et offre de nombreuses
promenades et marches spectaculaires. Le parc national de
Signal Hill, théâtre de la célèbre expérience de Marconi, offre
un panorama splendide sur la ville, le port et Cap Spear,
point le plus à l'est du continent nord-américain. Des villages
de pêcheurs sont nichés dans de petites anses à une demiheure de route de la ville. Tout est prévu pour le tourisme
en ville et à l'extérieur, notamment des excursions en bateau
dans la rade ou, à environ une heure de route de la ville,
vers un sanctuaire d'oiseaux situé dans une île. En quelques
heures de route, le touriste arrive au sanctuaire d'Avalon
Wilderness, où vit un gros troupeau de caribous. Plus au sud,
dans la péninsule Avalon se trouve le sanctuaire d'oiseaux
du Cap-Ste-Marie.
Sunday, June 17
There will be a reception w i t h cash bar from 8 - 10:30 p.m.
for all participants and companions in Gushue Hall.
Dimanche 17 juin
Les participants et leurs compagnons sont invités à une
réception avec bar payant, de 20 h à 22 h 30 au Gushue Hall.
Monday, June 18
There will be a lobster boil at 6 p.m. in the court yard outside
of Gushue Hall. Tickets will be available at registration and
Lundi 18 juin
Il y aura un dîner de homard, à 18 h dans la cour adjacente
au Gushue Hall. O n pourra acheter des billets (pour environ
January 1990-
check-in. For on-campus guests, the lobster boil can be added
to the package 2 plan for about $10 and to the package 1 plan
for about $20. For others, the cost w i l l also be about $20.
For planning purposes, please indicate on the registration
form whether you expect to attend this dinner.
20 $) à l'inscription et à l'enregistrement. Les participants en
résidence p o u r r o n t inclure cette soirée dans le forfait n° 2
(environ 10 $), et dans le forfait n° 1 (environ 20 $). Nous vous
demandons, pour l'organisation de cette activité, d'indiquer
sur la fiche d'inscription si vous comptez y participer.
Tuesday, June 19
The Congress Banquet will be held at 7:30 p.m. at the Radisson
Plaza Hotel. The cost is $35.00 per person. It is r e c o m m e n d e d
that you reserve places and send payment w i t h your "Advance
Registration" form. The banquet will be preceded by a
reception and cash bar from 6:30 p.m. at the Radisson Plaza
Hotel.
Mardi 19 juin
Le banquet du congrès aura lieu à 19 h 30 à l'hôtel Radisson
Plaza et coûtera 35 $ par personne. Il est conseillé de réserver
les places et d'envoyer votre paiement avec votre inscription
anticipée. Le banquet sera précédé d ' u n e réception avec bar
payant, qui commencera à 18 h 30 au même hôtel.
PARKING
STATIONNEMENT
Signs will direct on-campus guests to Gushue Hall and the
Residences. Visitors are asked to park in Lot 15 on Saturday
)une 16 and Sunday )une 17. This lot is located on the opposite
side of Hatcher field from the Residences. Arrangements can
be made w i t h the Traffic and Security Office on Monday
)une 18 to park closer to the residences if necessary. There
will be no parking charge for conference participants making
use of the designated parking areas.
Sur le campus, des panneaux indiqueront la direction du
Gushue Hall et des résidences. O n demande aux visiteurs,
le samedi 16 juin et le dimanche 17 juin, de garer leur voiture
dans le stationnement n° 15, de l'autre côté du champ Hatcher
par rapport aux résidences. S'arranger avec le bureau de la
circulation et de la sécurité pour garer au besoin plus près
des résidences le lundi 18 juin. Les participants qui stationneront à l'endroit désigné n'auront rien à payer.
ATHLETIC FACILITIES
INSTALLATIONS SPORTIVES
The Physical Education Building is located near the Queen
Elizabeth II library in the centre of the campus. It includes
a pool, squash courts, and a weight room. Additional facilities
are available at the St. John's Aquarena w h i c h is located just
west of the campus at the site of the 1977 Canada Games.
These include squash courts, a pool and a jogging track.
Information regarding the use of these facilities by congress
participants will be available at registration.
L'immeuble d'éducation physique est au centre du campus,
près de la bibliothèque Queen Elizabeth II. Il c o m p r e n d une
piscine, des courts de squash et une salle de musculation.
O n peut aussi aller à l'Aquarena de St. John's à l'ouest du
campus, sur l'emplacement des Jeux d u Canada 1977. Ce
centre offre des courts de squash, une piscine, une piste de
jogging. Les participants trouveront des renseignements sur
l'utilisation de ces installations à l'inscription.
PRE- and POST-CONGRESS TOURS
VOYAGES PRÉ ET POST-CONGRÈS
The Congress Local Committee is not organizing specific preand post-Congress activities but there are many tourist facilities available. The Newfoundland Department of Develo p m e n t and Tourism (1-800-563-6353) can provide a wide
range of information on accommodation, hospitality homes,
provincial camping parks and other activities.
Le Comité organisateur local du congrès ne prévoit pas
d'activités particulières avant et après la réunion, étant d o n n é
les nombreuses possibilités existantes. Le ministère terreneuvien du Développement et du Tourisme (1-800-563-6353) vous
fournira tous les renseignements sur l'hébergement, le logement chez l'habitant, les parcs provinciaux de camping et
autres activités.
As a sampling of the possibilities, camping is available 5
minutes from campus at Pippy Park (709-737-3655); part-day
and full-day tours for whale watching and observation of
sea-bird colonies are available from Bird Island Charters (709753-4850), Gatherall's (709-334-2887), Harbour Charters (with
a 92 foot schooner) (709-754-1672) and others; easy caribou
watching and longer trips can be arranged w i t h Wildland
Tours (709-722-3335) and others. The French islands of St.
Pierre and M i q u e l o n can be reached by air or ferry.
À titre indicatif, o n peut faire d u camping à 5 minutes d u
campus au parc Pippy (709-737-3655); faire des excursions
de quelques heures ou de toute la journée pour observer
les baleines et les colonies d'oiseaux marins avec les Bird
Island Charters (709-753-4850), Gatherall's (709-334-2887), Harbour Charters (avec une goélette de 92 pieds) (709-754-1672)
et autres. Plusieurs organismes organisent des excursions
faciles d'observation des caribous ou des circuits plus longs
comme, par exemple, W i l d l a n d Tours (709-722-3335). O n peut
aller aux îles françaises de St-Pierre et M i q u e l o n par avion
ou par bateau.
For more information, please contact / Pour plus de renseignements, addressez-vous à
CAP CONGRESS SECRETARY
Mrs. Joy Simmons
Department of Physics
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X7
Telephone: 709-737-8736
709-737-4464
Fax: 709-737-4000
janvier 1990
15
Call for Abstracts
1990 CAP Congress
Appel de Résumés
Congrès ACP 1990
C o n t r i b u t e d papers may be presented in Poster or Oral
Sessions. See poster instructions o n p. 23.
Les communications seront présentées soit dans des séances
de démonstration ou d'exposés. Voir les instructions à la
page 23.
Rules on Abstracts
Règles de présentation
1. A participant usually is permitted to present orally only
one c o n t r i b u t e d paper.
1. Normalement, un participant ne peut présenter oralement
q u ' u n e seule communication.
2. The abstract must be one paragraph, single spaced, elite
type (12 characters/inch), to fit into an area 12.0 cm w i d e
and 10.5 c m long. Type w i t h a carbon r i b b o n or a fresh
black c l o t h ribbon. Blank forms have been provided at
the center of this issue. Further sheets are available at the
CAP office or an identical sheet in w h i c h the center frame
is drawn w i t h an Eagle Sky Blue 7401/2 pencil can be
prepared locally, using a good quality white paper.
2. Le résumé doit comporter un seul paragraphe dactylographié avec caractère élite à simple intervalle, limité à
12.0 cm. de largeur et 10.5 cm. de hauteur. Se servir d'un
ruban carbonne ou d'un ruban de soie noir neuf et de
bonne qualité et utiliser les formules ci-incluses. Des
copies supplémentaires sont disponibles au secrétariat de
l'ACP ou encore faire des formules identiques sur papier
blanc de bonne qualité en traçant le cadre au crayon bleu
Eagle "Sky Blue" 740%.
3. Indent the first line 8 spaces, to allow for a program number
to be inserted later. Start w i t h the title, capitalize the first
letters of important words, and underline. Next, type the
author(s) name(s), all in capitals. Follow w i t h the abbreviated name of the author's professional affiliation, with
initial letters capitalized, and underline. After a dash, the
text follows immediately.
3. Sur la première ligne, après 8 espaces laissés libres pour
l'insertion ultérieure d'un numéro, on doit inscrire le titre
en écrivant en majuscule la première lettre des mots
importants et souligner. Ensuite, en majuscules, le(s) nom(s)
d'auteur(s). Puis inscrire et souligner le nom abrégé de
l'institution (seule la première lettre en majuscule). Le texte
doit suivre immédiatement sans aller à la ligne mais après
un tiret.
4. Leave one blank line between the text and the footnotes.
For the title and byline use the superscript symbols (*),
for the text, the superscript numerals (2).
4. Laisser en blanc l'espace d ' u n e ligne entre le texte et les
renvois. Pour la disposition des renvois dans l'entête,
utiliser (*), et dans le text utiliser (2).
5. Indicate o n the abstract the appropriate subject index
according to the list accompanying these instructions. If
applicable, also indicate appropriate session headings for
your paper.
5. Indiquer sur la feuille du résumé, la cote appropriée se
rapportant au sujet, telle que donnée dans la liste qui
accompagne ces règles de présentation. Si jugé nécessaire,
indiquer aussi la séance appropriée pour votre c o m m u nication.
6. Overhead and 35 mm projectors will be provided where
appropriate, unless a special request is made. This and
any other request should be indicated on the abstract.
6. Des retroprojecteurs et des projecteurs 35 mm seront disponibles le cas échéant, à moins que le besoin d ' u n autre
format soit expressément indiqué sur la feuille du résumé.
7. Submit the abstract in triplicate. All instructions must be
on the abstract; d o not send an accompanying letter.
7. O n doit fournir 3 exemplaires de chaque résumé. Toutes
les instructions doivent être sur la feuille du résumé.
N'envoyer aucune lettre pour accompagner celui-ci.
8. Failure t o c o m p l y w i t h these instructions is likely t o result
in the exclusion of your abstract.
8. Les résumés ne se conformant pas à ces règles de présentation pourront être exclus du programme.
Abstracts must be in the CAP Office
by the Deadline Date:
March 16, 1990
Date limite pour réception des résumés
au bureau de l'ACP :
le 16 mars 1990
Send abstracts to:/Envoyer les résumés à :
R.L. Armstrong
Program Chairman / Président du programme
1990 CAP Congress/Congrès ACP 1990
151 Slater Street, Suite 903
Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3
16 Physics in Canada January 1990-
St. John's, Newfoundland, June 18-20 juin
Subject Index (see p. 23)
Cote du sujet (voir p. 23)
Appropriate Session Heading/Séance appropriée
Indicate fundamental • or applied •
Indiquer fondamentale • ou appliquée •
CAP Subject Division
Division de I'ACP
1.
1.
2.
2.
I prefer to present my paper in a poster • or an oral • session.
Je préfère présenter ma c o m m u n i c a t i o n sous forme d'affiche • ou d'exposé • .
Analysis of a Satellite Collision.* A.A. ABLE,
BARBARA B. BERNSTEIN and C.C. COSTEAU, Inst. Casual Sci.
U. of Upper Ungava - An attempt is made to explain the
severe orbital perturbations suffered recently by the
two Canadian satellites, ARCAIRE and MUSICAL.
It
appears that this event and the subsequent loss of the
spacecraft was due to some kind of collision.
Previous
analysis 1 has established that the collision was
neither inelastic nor one involving significant
gravitational forces. The present paper explores by
computer simulation a third possibility - that the
interaction involved coulomb forces. One spacecraft
was emerging from a long period of darkness and the
other had been continuously illuminated so that the
satellites may have been oppositely charged.
The
analysis shows that a close encounter of this third
kind did not occur and therefore that the demise of
the satellites is still unexplained.
©
B e r n s t e i n B.B. and Able, A.A., Can. J. App. Serendip.,
_23, 456 ( 1 9 7 8 ) .
*Supported by the Nat. Soc. for Enhanced Refuse Control.
12.0 cm.
Projection Requirements
O
Overhead
•
Other (Specify)
Special instructions (if any)
Instructions spéciales (s'il y en a)
From:
De :
Signature
Name/Nom
Address/Adresse.
janvier 1 9 9 0
17
Canadian Association
of Physicists
Association canadienne
des physiciens
LUMONICS AWARD
PRIX LUMONICS
The Canadian Association of Physicists has established these
awards to recognize student members giving the best
research paper presentations at the annual CAP Congress.
Up t o three awards, each consisting of a certificate of
recognition and a prize of $300, will be made each year.
The prizes have been made possible t h r o u g h the generosity
of Lumonics Inc.
L'Association canadienne des physiciens a créé ces prix
afin de récompenser les membres étudiants auteurs des
meilleures communications au congrès annuel. Elle décernera tous les ans un maximum de trois prix, consistant
chacun en un certificat de mérite et une somme de 300 $.
Ces prix sont possibles grâce à la générosité de Lumonics
Inc.
Eligibility, selection procedure and selection criteria:
Admissibilité, modalités et critères de sélection :
1) the student presenting the paper must be a registered
participant at the Congress
1) L'étudiant/e qui fait la c o m m u n i c a t i o n est dûment
inscrit/e au congrès
2) the student must be solely responsible for the presentation
2) L'étudiant/e a la responsabilité exclusive de la c o m m u nication
3) the student presenting the paper must be the first author
3) L'étudiant/e qui fait la c o m m u n i c a t i o n en est le premier
auteur
4) the student must submit an extended summary of the
paper (3-4 pages) and officially enter the c o m p e t i t i o n at
the time of submission of the regular abstract
4) L'étudiant/e fournit un sommaire détaillé (3 à 4 pages)
et devient officiellement candidat/e au concours au
moment de l'envoi du résumé ordinaire
5) the paper may be submitted in English or French
5) La c o m m u n i c a t i o n est présentée en anglais o u en
français
6) 6 to 10 papers will be pre-selected (based on a review
of the extended summaries) for oral presentation at the
Congress
6) L'Association fait (après examen des sommaires) une
présélection de 6 à 10 documents, qui feront l'objet
d'une c o m m u n i c a t i o n au congrès
7) oral presentations of the pre-selected papers will be given
in a separate Monday m o r n i n g session w h i c h will be open
to all Congress participants
7) Les communications présélectionnées seront présentées le lundi matin, lors d'une séance spéciale ouverte
à tous les congressistes
8) presenters will be judged on delivery, content and ability
to respond to questions and discussion
8) Les concurrents seront jugés sur le f o n d et la forme
de leur c o m m u n i c a t i o n ainsi que sur leur aptitude à
répondre aux questions et à soutenir le débat
January 1990-
1990 CAP CONGRESS
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND, June 18-20, 1990
ADVANCE REGISTRATION
Please return this form with your fees before May 25, 1990 to:
CAP Congress Registration
Attention: Mrs. Joy Simmons
St. John's, Newfoundland
A1B 3X7
Name:
Institution:
Address:
Telephone:
Name of Companion:
Information to appear on name tag:
Name:
Institution:
Status:
Advance Registration Fees:
After May 25, 1990:
$160
$190
225
50
100
100
(
) Members and Invited Speakers
(
) Non-Members
(
) Students
(
) Retirees
O n e day registration
Please specify Mon. (
Tue. (
), Wed.
(
) I enclose $35/person to reserve (
225
50
100
100
) place(s) at the banquet on Tuesday June 19.
Total amount remitted
Please make cheque payable to: Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Do you plan to attend the Lobster Boil on Monday, June 18?
Yes (
)
Number Attending (
No (
)
)
janvier 1 9 9 0
19
CONGRÈS ACP 1990
ST. JOHN'S, TERRE-NEUVE, 18-20 juin 1990
FORMULAIRE DE PRÉ-INSCRIPTION
Prière de remplir ce formulaire et de le retourner avec vos frais d'inscription avant le 25 mai 1990 à
Attention : Mrs. Joy Simmons
St. John's, Newfoundland
A1B 3X7
Nom :
Institution
Adresse :
Téléphone :
Nom de compagn/on/e :
L'information ci-après apparaîtra sur votre macaron :
Nom :
Institution :
Status :
Avant le 25 mai
Après le 25 mai
160$
225
50
100
100
190$
225
50
100
100
) Membres et conférenciers invités
) Non membres
) Étudiants
) Retraité(e)s
nscription d'un jour
Veuillez indiquer lun. (
), mar. (
), mere. (
) j'inclus 35$/personne pour réserver
place(s) au banquet mardi le 19 juin
Montant total ci-joint
Veuillez libeller votre chèque à : Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Avez-vous l'intention de participer au "Lobster Boil" lundi, le 18 juin?
Oui (
)
Non (
Nombre de personnes (
January 1990-
)
)
t
»
Division de I'ACP
1.
1.
2.
2.
I prefer t o present my paper in a poster • or an oral • session.
Je préfère présenter ma c o m m u n i c a t i o n sous f o r m e d'affiche • o u d'exposé • .
•
Overhead
•
O t h e r (Specify)
From:
De :
Signature
Name/Nom
Address/Adresse
Division de l'ACP
1
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
I prefer to present my paper in a poster • or an oral • session.
Je préfère présenter ma c o m m u n i c a t i o n sous forme d'affiche • ou d'exposé • .
From:
n
I I Overhead
De
•
Other (Specify)
Signature
Name/Nom
Address/Adresse
1990 CAP CONGRESS/CONGRES DE L'ACP 1990
St. John's, Newfoundland, June 18-20 juin 1990
O N CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION/HÉBERGEMENT SUR LE CAMPUS
(Available from Saturday June 16/Disponible à partir de samedi, le 16 juin
Male/homme (
Female/femme (
Name/Nom
)
)
Address/Adresse
Telephone/Téléphone
Home/Domicile
Office/Bureau
The f o l l o w i n g package rates apply. Les tarifs forfaitaires sont les suivants.
Package 1
Forfait 1
Single $37.10/day
Chambre Simple $37.10/jour
Double $32.10/day/person
Double $32.10/jour/personne
Package 2
Forfait 2
Single $44.95/day
Chambre Simple $44.95/jour
Double $39.95/day/person
Double $39.95/jour/personne
Package 1 includes room, breakfast, lunch, and Provincial sales tax.
Forfait 1 c o m p r e n d chambre, petit déjeuner, déjeuner, et taxe de vente provinciale.
Package 2 includes room, breakfast, lunch, dinner, and Provincial sales tax.
Forfait 2 c o m p r e n d chambre, petit déjeuner, déjeuner, diner, et taxe de vente provinciale.
Free parking in a designated lot is included in the room charge. Separate cafeteria meals are available on cash basis.
Le stationnement gratuit sur un terrain réservé est inclus. O n peut prendre d'autre repas à la cafétéria en payant comptant.
•Roommate's name:
* N o m de la personne qui partagera la chambre :
*Smoking/Non-Smoking:
*Fumeur/non-fumeur :
Full payment is due on arrival: cash, VISA, MC, or personal cheque (on a Canadian Bank, and with proper identification). Please
do not send payment in advance.
Il faut régler le montant total de l'hébergement à l'arrivée : espèces, VISA, M C ou chèque personnel (avec pièces d'identité
appropriées). Prière de ne pas envoyer de paiement à l'avance.
Upon receipt of your request, your r o o m will be held only until 12:00 noon on Monday, )une 18. Checkout time is twelve
noon. Luggage storage is available.
À la réception de votre demande de forfait, une chambre vous sera réservée, mais seulement jusqu'au lundi 18 juin midi. Les
chambres doivent être rendues à midi. Entreposage des bagages disponible.
Date/Time of arrival:
Date d'arrivée :
Date of departure:
Date de départ :
Need on-campus car parking?
Stationnement sur le campus?
Please return this form before May 25, 1990, w i t h your registration to:
Veuillez renvoyer ce formulaire avant le 25 mai 1990 avec votre inscription à
Attention: Mrs. )oy Simmons
St. John, Newfoundland A1B 3X7
janvier 1990 21
CONGRESS / CONGRÈS
June 18-20 juin 1990
OFF-CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION / HÉBERGEMENT HORS CAMPUS
Mr/Mrs.
M./Mme
Address / Adresse
Telephone / Téléphone
H o m e / Domicile
Office / Bureau
Holiday Inn
180 Portugal Cove Road
St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 2N2
Tel: (709) 722-0506 Fax: (709) 722-9756
Cost / Coût
Single $65/day
Simple 65 $/jour
D o u b l e $75/day
D o u b l e 75 $/jour
Check O u t Time: 2:00 PM
Heure de départ : 14:00 heures
Children under 19 yrs of age free in parents' room; under
12 years eat free.
Enfants de moins de 19 ans : gratuit dans la chambre de
leurs parents; au-dessous de 12 ans — repas gratuits.
Radisson Plaza Hotel
120 New Cower Street
St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 6K4
Tel: (709) 739-6404 Fax: (709) 739-4154
Cost / Coût
Single $95/day
Simple 95 $/jour
Double $110/day
Double 110 $/jour
Check O u t Time: 12:00 N o o n
Children under 18 yrs of age free in parents' room.
leurs parents.
Hotel Newfoundland
Cavendish Square
St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5W8
Tel: (709) 726-4980 Fax: (709) 726-2025
Cost / Coût
Single $100/day
Simple 100 $ / j o u r
Double $115/day
Double 115 $/jour
leurs parents.
The Stel Battery
100 Signal Hill Road
St. John's, Newfoundland A1A 1B3
Tel: (709) 576-0040 Fax: (709) 576-6943
Cost / Coût
Single $65/day
Simple 65 $/jour
Double $70/day
Double 70 $/jour
leurs parents.
H o t e l rates a r e s u b j e c t t o c h a n g e / Les tarifs h ô t e l i e r s p e u v e n t c h a n g e r
Date of arrival
Date d'arrivée
D a t e of d e p a r t u r e
Date de départ
Please r e s e r v e / V e u i l l e z r é s e r v e r
s i n g l e r o o m ( s ) / c h a m b r e ( s ) simple(s)
d o u b l e room(s) / chambre(s) double(s)
at/au :
O n e n i g h t ' s d e p o s i t r e q u i r e d b y c r e d i t c a r d / U n d é p ô t d ' u n e n u i t e x i g é par c a r t e d e c r é d i t : VISA, M C , AMEX,
EN ROUTE.
Card N u m b e r / N u m é r o
Signature
January 1 9 9 0 -
Expiration
SUBJECT INDEX FOR ABSTRACTS
1. Astrophysics
2. Atmospheric and space physics
3. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules: Theory
4. Atomic spectra and interactions w i t h photons
5. Molecular spectra and interactions w i t h photons
6. Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions
7. E x p e r i m e n t a l l y d e r i v e d i n f o r m a t i o n o n atoms and
molecules
8. Studies of special atoms and molecules
9. Optical properties of solids
10. Transport properties of solids
11. Magnetic properties of solids
12. Surfaces, t h i n films and whiskers
13. Semiconductors
14. Low temperature physics
15. Superconductivity
16. Lattice dynamics
17. Phase transitions
18. Liquids
19. Nuclear fission and photonuclear reactions
20. Nuclear structure
21. Nuclear reactions and scattering
22. Optics and Lasers
23. Particle physics (experiment)
24. Particle physics (theory)
25. Fluid dynamics
26. Plasma physics
27. Fusion technology
28. Theoretical physics
29. Statistical physics and thermodynamics
30. Acoustics, classical optics and electromagnetism
31. Instrumentation and experimental techniques
32. Industrial physics and applicattion of physical techniques
33. Education and training
34. Surface Science
COTE DU SUJET DES RÉSUMÉS
1. Astrophysique
2. A é r o n o m i e et physique de l'espace
3. Structure électronique des atomes et molécules : Théorie
4. Spectres atomiques et interactions avec les photons
5. Spectres moléculaires et interactions avec les photons
6. Mécanismes de collision et d'interaction atomiques et
moléculaires
7. Information déduite d'expériences sur les atomes et
molécules
8. Études d'atomes et de molécules particuliers
9. État solide, propriétés optiques
10. État solide, propriétés transport
11. État solide, propriétés magnétiques
12. Surface, couches minces et whiskers
13. Semiconducteurs
14. Physique à basses températures
15. Superconductivité
16. Dynamiques des réseaux
17. Changement de phase
18. Liquides
19. Fission et réactions photonucléaires
20. Structure nucléaire
21. Réactions et diffusion nucléaires
22. O p t i q u e et lasers
23. Physique des particules élémentaires (experimentale)
24. Physique des particules élémentaires (théorie)
25. Dynamique des fluides
26. Physique des plasmas
27. Technologie de la fusion
28. Physique théorique
29. Physique statistique et t h e r m o d y n a m i q u e
30. Acoustique, optique classique et électromagnétisme
31. Instrumentation et techniques expérimentales
32. Physique industrielle
33. Enseignement
34. Science des surfaces
Instructions and Arrangements for Poster
Presentation
Instructions et renseignements concernant les
présentations
Posters will be organized into sections by subject area and
will be located in areas adjacent to the meeting rooms. Posters
will be displayed in t w o groups, the first from Monday m o r n i n g
to Tuesday n o o n and the second from 1:00 pm Tuesday to
5:00 pm on Wednesday. Authors are urged to have their
material m o u n t e d as early as possible on the designated day
and are expected to be at their posters for the t w o hour
period in their assigned session. All material must be removed
from the boards by n o o n Tuesday or by 5:00 p m on Wednesday, as the case may be.
Réparties en sections par sujet, les présentations seront
installées à côté des salles de réunion. Il y aura deux groupes
de présentations — le premier sera installé de lundi matin
à midi mardi et le deuxième de 13 h mardi à 17 h mercredi.
Les auteurs sont invités à monter leur présentation le plus
tôt possible le jour qui leur est indiqué. O n leur demande
également d'être présent durant les deux heures de la session
qui leur est assigné. Tout doit être d é m o n t é soit à midi mardi
o u à 17 h mercredi.
The title of the paper, the authors' names and their affiliation
should be displayed clearly in lettering at least 2 cm high.
Poster material should be readable from a distance of 1.5 m.
Brief texts and concise diagrams are recommended. Lengthy
texts in standard typescript should be avoided. Details are
best left for the individual discussions that the poster material
will initiate.
Further details will be sent to authors w i t h the acknowledgement of their abstract.
Le titre de la présentation, le n o m des auteurs et leur affiliation
doivent apparaître clairement en lettres d'au moins 2 cm.
La présentation doit être lisible à 1,5 m. O n r e c o m m e n d e
des textes courts et des diagrammes concis. Évitez les longs
textes dactylographiés en caractères ordinaires. Il vaut mieux
fournir des détails lors des discussions individuelles suscitées
par le panneau.
Des renseignements supplémentaires vous parviendront avec
l'accusé de réception de votre résumé.
janvier 1990
23
Academic Institutional Members / Membres institutionels
1990
Acadia University
Brandon University
Brock University
Carleton University
Concordia University
Dalhousie University
Lakehead University
Laurentian University
McGill University
McMaster University
M o u n t Allison University
Queen's University
Royal Military College, Kingston
Saint Francis Xavier University
Saint Mary's University
Simon Fraser University
Trent University
University of Alberta
University of British Columbia
University of Calgary
University of Cuelph
Université Laval
University of Manitoba
Université de M o n c t o n
University of New Brunswick
University of Prince Edward Island
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
University of Regina
University of Toronto
University of Victoria
University of Waterloo
University of Western Ontario
University of Windsor
Wilfred Laurier University
York University
Université de Montréal
Sustaining Members / Membres de soutien
A. John Alcock
H.R. Andrews
J. Brian Atkinson
C. Bruce Bigham
Jess H. Brewer
H.A. Buckmaster
Hugh Carmichael
Laurent G. Caron
Allan I. Carswell
R.L. Clarke
Sorab R. Cyrus
Gordon W.F. Drake
Gerald Dolling
Earl J. Fjarlie
D.J.W. Geldart
W.M. Gray
Geoffrey C. Hanna
Malcolm Harvey
Gerhard Herzberg
A. Hirose
Roger Howard
Jennifer Jackman
in Canada
January 1 9 9 0
Thomas E. Jackman
Allan E. Jacobs
Larkin Kerwin
J.D. King
Peter Kirkby
R.M. Lees
René J.A. Lévesque
A.E. Litherland
David B. McLay
Harry J. M o o d y
R.A. Nodwell
Allan A. Offenberger
John H. Page
Raj K. Pathria
C. Rangacharyulu
Lyle P. Robertson
Peter R. Smy
Donald W.L. Sprung
Boris P. Stoicheff
P.S. Vincett
D.O. Wells
Ph.D. Degrees in Physics Awarded at Canadian Universities in 1989
Doctorats décernés en physique dans les universités canadiennes, 1989
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE
N A H O M I M. FUJIKI, " A p p l i c a t i o n of the Renormalization
C r o u p to Critical Phenomena in Magnetic Systems", (D.J.W.
Geldart), August 1989, Dalhousie University — NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow.
ABDELLAH AZELMAD, "Implantation ionique à haute énergie
du silicium dans l'arséniure de gallium", (Arthur Yelon), juin
1988, ingénieur, Laboratoire de photolithographie, Mitel,
Bromont.
UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL
JEAN-PIERRE MOREAU, " N o u v e a u x d é v e l o p p e m e n t s en
spectroscopie laser avec faisceaux d'ions accélérés", (Emile
J. Knystautas & M. Larzillière), mars 1989. Stagiaire postdoctoral, Département de physique, Université Laval, Ste-Foy,
Qc G1K 7P4.
DENIS DUBÉ, " C o n t r i b u t i o n expérimentale à l'étude des
résonances dans les collisions électroniques sur les gaz rares",
(Denis Roy), mars 1989. Professeur agrégé. Département des
sciences, Université du Québec, Hull, Québec.
MARIO BEAUCHEMIN, "Recherche automatisée de Quasars:
Effets de sélection, homogénéisation de l'échantillon de
comparaison des comptes entre différentes régions", (E.F.
Borra), mars 1989. Boursier post-doctoral du CRSNC, Royal
Observatory, Université d'Edimbourg, Écosse.
UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE
BERTRAND FOURCADE, "Propriétés multifractales et phénomènes critiques", (André-Marie Tremblay), septembre 1988,
boursier post-doctoral avec Michael Wortis, Simon Fraser
University.
McCILL UNIVERSITY
CHRISTIAN VEILLEUX, "Interactions entre des fibres optiques
et des cristaux liquides", (Jean Lapierre), mars 1989, ingénieur,
Laboratoire de photolithographie, Mitel, Bromont.
CARLETON UNIVERSITY
JOHN MICHAEL RONEY, The OPAL Vertex Detector, (R.K.
Carnegie), June 1989, now research associate w i t h University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY
A. ROSENFELD, "Some Aspects of the Electronic Structure
of Metals", (M.J. Stott), Spring 1989, research scientist with
Alcan International Ltd., Kingston Research Laboratories,
Kingston, Ontario.
S.P. SULLIVAN, " A Description of the Remote Field Eddy
Current Effect in Metallic Tubes", (D.L. Atherton), Spring 1989,
Nondestructive Testing Development Branch, Reactor Development, Components and Instrumentation Division, Chalk
River Nuclear Laboratories, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Research Company.
P.M. BOUCHER, "Calculations of the Nuclear Response to
Hadronic and Electromagnetic Probes", (B. Castel), Fall 1989,
research associate at CE BAF, Newport News, Virginia, U.S.A.
H.H. GAN, A study of nuclear fragmentation at intermediate
energies, (S. Das Gupta), June 1989. N o w Postdoctorate Fellow,
Chemistry Department, McGill.
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
R. NADEAU, T w o - l o o p effective potential of supersymmetric
quantum, (R.T. Sharp), November 1988. N o w employed at
C.A.E. in Montreal.
L.M. CAMPBELL, Compact Stars in the Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theory, (J.W. Moffat), November 1989, now PDF at
the Instituto de Optico, Madrid, Spain.
C. ROLAND, G r o w t h and scaling in first-order phase transitions, (M. Grant), June 1989. N o w Postdoctorate Fellow at
University of Toronto.
S.J. CHEESMAN, A Short Baseline Transient Electromagnetic
M e t h o d for use on the Sea Floor, (R.N. Edwards), November
1989, now PDF at the Pacific Geoscience Centre, Vancouver,
B.C.
G. SAVARD, Laser spectroscopy of neutron deficient gold and
platinum isotopes, (J.K.P. Lee), November I988. N o w Research
Scientist at Johannes-Gutenberg University, Meins, Germany.
CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
K.R. ELDER, Early Time Dynamics in Phase Separating Systems
w i t h a Conserved Order Parameter, (R.C. Desai), November
1989, now NSERC PDF w i t h Physics Department at McGill
University, Montreal, P.Q.
B. TRAN, Spectroscopy and Strong Decays of Baryons, (C.S.
Kalman), April 1989, n o w a technical consultant w i t h SWI
Systems Ware, Toronto.
A.M. FORTE, Mantle Convection and Global Geophysical
Observables, (W.R. Peltier), November 1989, now NSERC PDF
with Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. U.S.A.
UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL
T. HART, Viscoelastic Models of Morphogenesis, (L.E.H.
Trainor), June 1989, now PDF w i t h the Dept. of M i c r o b i o l o g y
and Infectious Diseases at University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alta.
GUY ARSENAULT, "Les symétries des modèles euclidiens
projectifs, grassmanniens et unitaires", (Yvan Saint-Aubin),
juin 1989.
PIERRE BERGERON, "Propriétés atmosphériques des étoiles
naines blanches froides de type DA", (François Wesemael),
février 1989.
STÉPHANE VENNES, "Étude de l'émission à haute énergie des
étoiles dégénérées chaude", (Gilles Fontaine), avril 1989.
FRANÇOIS VIDAL, "Rôle des états interdits dans un modèle
de quarks de l'interaction nucléon-nucléon et étude des
potentiels équivalents locaux", (Jean LeTourneux), octobre
1988.
H. HYODO, Paleomagnetic and Argon Isotopic Studies of a
Precambrian Dike Contract, (D.J. Dunlop), November 1989,
now Research Associate at the Hiruzen Research Institute of
Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
B. LITTLE, Topics in Galactic Dynamics, (S.D. Tremaine), March
1989, now NSERC PDF at Cambridge University, UK.
S.R. MENARY, Observation of Excited Charmed Mesons, (G.J.
Luste), N o v e m b e r 1989, n o w PDF at CERN, G e n e v a ,
Switzerland.
janvier 1 9 9 0
25
R. MORELLI, A Theoretical Study of Some of the M o d u l a t e d
Phases of NbTe 4 and TaTe 4 , (M.B. Walker), November 1989,
not employed yet.
P.A. ROCHFORD, A Study of Symplectic M o d e l Calculations,
(D.J. Rowe), June 1989, now PDF w i t h Physics Department
at Louisiana State U. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
R.S. SMITH, A Plausible Mechanism for Generating Negative
Coincident-Loop Transient Electromagnetic Responses, (C.F.
West), June 1989, n o w consultant w i t h Paterson, Grant &
Watson Ltd., Toronto, Ontario.
C.I. UKAH, Optoelectronic Studies of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, (J.M. Perz), June 1989, now PDF w i t h the Dept.
of Electrical Engineering, University of Toronto.
R.S. WAGNER, Proton and Deuteron Spin Relaxation in
Hydrogen-Deuteride Helium Gas Mixtures, (R.L. Armstrong),
June 1989, now w o r k i n g w i t h a company dealing in Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in California, U.S.A.
G.J. ZHANG, M o m e n t u m Transport by Cumulus Clouds and
its Parameterization, (H.R. Cho), November 1989, now PDF
w i t h Dept. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at York University, Downsview, Ontario.
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS
ROBERT NISHIKAWA, Analysis of a prototype digital mammography system, (M. Yaffe), O c t o b e r 1989, now research
scientist at the University of Chicago.
MICHAEL SHERAR, Ultrasound backscatter microscopy and
its application to biological studies, (S. Foster), O c t o b e r 1989,
now research scientist w i t h Ontario Hydro, Toronto.
MILTON W O O , An investigation of p h o t o n beam induced
electron transport in tissue inhomogeneities, (J.R. Cunningham), May 1989, research scientist, Sunnybrook Medical
Centre, Toronto.
number of colours, (G. Karl), February 1989, now a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Ottawa.
B. TJIPTO MARGO, Molecular theories of nematic liquid
crystals: Bulk and interface, (D.E. Sullivan), February 1989, n o w
a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Chemistry at the
University of Oregon, Corvallis.
P.L. McGHEE, Transition probabilities in the L shell of heavy
atoms, (J.L. Campbell), February 1989, now employed at
Valmet, 400 Steeles, Toronto.
McMASTER UNIVERSITY
D.A. BONN, Far Infrared Reflectance of Exotic Superconductors, (T. Timusk), October 1988, now doing a postdoc at UBC.
S.T. FLOCK, The Optical Properties of Tissues and Light
Dosimetry at 633 Nanometers, (B.C. Wilson), September 1988,
now d o i n g a postdoc at the Laser Biology Research Laboratory
of the University of Texas at M.D.Anderson Hospital, Houston,
Texas.
Z. HU, Spectroscopy of Disordered Materials, (D. Walton),
April 1988, now doing a postdoc at MIT in Boston.
K.M. HUGHES, A Neutron Scattering Investigation of Uranium
Selenide, (M.F. Collins), September 1988, now Sessional Lecturer, University of Toronto.
H.F. JANG, Far-Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of
NTD Ge and GexSi(1.x)/Si Heterostructures, (T. Timusk and A.A.
Berezin), July 1989.
D.B. LEIBWEBER, Q C D Sum Rule Analysis of Spin-Orbit Splitting in Baryons, (R.K. Bhaduri), December 1988, now w i t h
TRIUMF Theory Group in Vancouver, B.C.
F. MARSIGLIO, Eliashberg Theory and the HIGH Tc Oxides,
(J.P. Carbotte), March 1988, now doing a postdoc at the
University of Los Angeles at San Diego.
H. ROMAN, Measurements of in-situ p r o d u c t i o n of 14C in
Si0 2 : production rates and cross sections, (J.A. Kuehner and
J R. Southon), June 1989.
DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY
THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO
J.A. IRWIN, Radio Lobe Spiral Galaxies: A Case Study of NGC
3079, (E.R. Seaquist), September 1988. Currently at the Hertzberg Institute for Astrophysics.
T.J. SCHOLL, Precision Measurement of the 1s2s 1 S 0 -1s2p l P,
Interval in Heliumlike Beryllium, (S.D. Rosner), November
1988, Post Doctoral Fellow w i t h Department of Physics here
at U.W.O.
K.T. KIM, A C o n t i n u u m Study of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies,
(P.P. Kronberg), August 1988. Currently at the C h u n g Nam
University, Republic of Korea and the Korean Space Agency
(ISSA).
P.J.T. LEONARD, The Dynamics of O p e n Star Clusters, (M.J.
Clement), O c t o b e r 1988. Currently holds a post-doctoral
fellowship at U.B.C.
R.E. RUSK, Brightness and Polarization Structure of Compact
Radio Sources, (E.R. Seaquist), September 1988. Currently at
the Naval Research Centre, Esquimault.
(GWP)2
X.W. W U , Post-Hydrogenation of Silicon Thin Films, (B.Y.
Tong), November 1989, Post Doctoral Fellow at Surface
Science Western, U.W.O.
R.L. LOGAN, Low-Energy Positron Channeling, (P.J. Schultz),
November 1989, Xerox, New York, New York.
UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR
D.W. HEWAK, Generalized dispersion properties of a thin
film optical waveguide and the development of an optical
waveguide lens, (J. Lit), October 1988, now employed at
National Institute of Optics, Quebec City.
H. CHI, A theoretical study of some thermodynamic and
dynamical properties of antiferromagnetic superconductors,
(A.D.S. Nagi), O c t o b e r 1988, now a postdoctoral fellow at
McMaster University.
YI-FAN LI, Theory of multilayer dielectric planar waveguides
and its applications, (J. Lit), October 1988, now a postdoctoral
fellow at University of South Florida, Tampa.
D.G. KING, Quark model matrix elements w i t h an arbitrary
R.E. MITCHELL, Measurement of the Atomic Lifetime of K r l l
5; 4 D^ /2 and Xen 6p 4 D°, 2 Using the Photon-Photon DelayedCoincidence Technique, (R.A. Holt), October 1989, Government Lab in Ottawa.
January 1990-
J. DEMSKY, Far-infrared studies of vibrational spectra of the
rare earth doped fluorite crystals, (M. Schlesinger), June 1989,
now postdoctoral fellow w i t h Dr. M. Schlesinger, University
of Windsor, Windsor, Ont.
E. HEGAZI, Laser spectroscopy of the HgZn excimer, (L.
Krause), June 1989, now postdoctoral fellow w i t h Dr. L. Krause,
University of Windsor, Windsor, Ont.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA
DINABANDHU BANDYOPADHYAY, Spin Correlation Parameter and Analyzing Power In n - p Elastic Scattering of Intermediate Energies, (W.T.H. van Oers), February 1989, now at
Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, 2401 M i l o B. Sampson
Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408, U.S.A.
CHRISTOPHER HADDOCK, Characterization and Measurement of the Spatial Distribution of Electromagnetic Fields
Produced by Focussing Elements, (W.T.H. van Oers), February
1989, now at TRIUMF, University of British Columbia, 4004
Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2A3.
ANURAG SAKSENA, Mixed Boundary Value Problems in
Q u a n t u m Mechanics, (T.A. Osborn), February 1989, now at
Great West Life Assurance Co., 100 Osborne North, Winnipeg,
MB.
WAI M I N G LAW, Study of Some Physical Aspects of the
Optically Pumped Polarized H - l o n Source and its Beam
Devices, (P. Schmor), May 1989, now at TRIUMF, University
of British Columbia, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC.,
V6T 2A3.
DICKON H.L. NG, Domain Wall Pinning in the Iron-rich FeAu
and FeCu Binary Alloys, (P. Gaunt), May 1989, now at the
Department of Metallurgy and Science of Materials, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, O x f o r d 0X1 3PH, U.K.
SALAH M O H A M E D EL-SHEIKH, Perturber and Temperature
Dependence of Collision-Induced Light Scattering For Spherical Top Molecules, (G.C. Tabisz), May 1989, now at the
Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg,
MB., R3T 2N2.
JEFFREY ALAN BEWS, The Optical Properties of Biological
Tissue, (S. Shalev), February 1989, now at the Manitoba Cancer
Treatment and Research Foundation, 100 Olivia Street, W i n nipeg, MB., R3V 0V9.
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
S. CHARBONNEAU, Transient Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of GaAs, ZnSe and GaAs/GaAIAs Q u a n t u m Wells,
(M.L.W. Thewalt), September 1988, now Research Scientist
w i t h NRC, Ottawa.
J. DUTCHER, Brillouin Light Scattering Studies of Epitaxial
Ferromagnetic Films, (J.F. Cochran), September 1988, n o w
Postdoctoral Fellow w i t h Optical Sciences Center, University
of Arizona, Tucson.
S. MAHESWARAN, Dynamical Theory of Neutron Diffraction
for Perfect Crystals W i t h and W i t h o u t Strain Gradients, (A.S.
Arrott), March 1989, now Postdoctoral Fellow w i t h Physics
Department, Simon Fraser University.
S. PURCELL, Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin
Epitaxial Nickel Films G r o w n on Iron (001) Surfaces, (A.S.
Arrott), March 1989, n o w Research Scientist w i t h Philips
Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
A.G. STEELE, P h o t o l u m i n e s c e n c e Spectroscopy of Polyexcitons and Thermally Generated Defects in Silicon, (M.L.W.
Thewalt), December 1988, now Postdoctoral Fellow with
King's College, University of London, U.K.
K.B. URQUHART, The Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin Iron
Films G r o w n on Silver, ().F. Cochran), April 1989, now Senior
Consultant, C o m p u t i n g Services, Simon Fraser University.
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Spring 1989 Convocation
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN
DAVID S. ARMSTRONG, Radiative M u o n Capture on Carbon,
Oxygen and Calcium, (M.D. Hasinoff), December 1988, now
R.A. with Virginia Polytech, but w o r k i n g at TRIUMF.
G.A. RETZLAFF, Threshold Electrodisintegration of 3 H and 3 He,
(D.M. Skopik), May 1989, now a P.D.F. at the NIKHEF-K Nuclear
Physics Laboratory in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
LUIZ B. DA SILVA, Radiation Transport in Laser-Matter Interactions, (A. Ng), December 1988, now R.A. at Dept. of Physics,
University of California, Berkeley.
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
BARBARA J. FRISKEN, Nematic Liquid Crystals in Electric and
Magnetic Fields, (P. Palffy-Muhoray), March 1989, now P.D.F.
at Dept. of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara.
J.K. BIEL, New Applications of Differentiable Fibre Bundles
to Problems in Physics, (R. Chatterjee), June 1989, now parttime sessional instructor w i t h the University of Calgary.
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
G.W.R. EDWARDS, 0° Radiative Capture of Neutrons by
Protons, (J. Cameron), February 1989, now a Postdoctoral
Fellow at Rutgers University.
). HEBRON, Thermo Field Dynamics of a Q u a n t u m Algebra
and its Application to the Anderson Model, (H. Umezawa),
July 1989, now a C o m p u t e r Resource Coordinator at the
University of Calgary.
G. LOTZ, A Relativistic Treatment of Photonucleon Knockout
Reactions, (H.S. Sherif), June 1989, now a Postdoctoral Fellow
at the University of Alberta.
M. M O H A M E D , Size Effect on the Electrical Resistivity, (S.B.
Woods), Fall 1988, now a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University
of Alberta.
D. PERRY, O n the Penetration of Fast Charged Particles, (J.W.
Scrimger), January 1989, now at the University of Minnesota
Hospital and Clinic, as a Consulting Physicist.
D.M. ROBINSON, The Design and Fabrication of O p t i m i z e d
Missing Tissue Compensators, (J. Scrimger), June 1989, now
at the University of Alberta, as a Postdoctoral Fellow.
N. SINHA, Weak hadronic decays of heavy flavour mesons,
(A.N. Kamal), August 1989, now a Postdoctoral Fellow at
Carlton University.
B.-S. ZHENG, Higher Order Terms in Asymptotic Ray Theory,
(F. Hron), April 1989, now a Postdoctoral Fellow at the
University of Alberta.
MERITT W. REYNOLDS, Resonant Recombination of Atomic
Hydrogen and Deuterium at Low Temperatures, (W.N. Hardy),
April 1989, now R.A. at Harvard University.
ANDRÉ ROBERGE, Finite Density Effects in Gauge Theories,
(N. Weiss), January 1989, now P.D.F. at Memorial University.
LORNE WHITEHEAD, Transport and Distrubiton of Light
Energy for Illuminating Engineering Applications, (B. A h l b o r n /
F. Curzon), April 1989, President, TIR Systems Ltd.
Fall 1989 Convocation
REDOUANE FAKIR, Birth of Universes w i t h N o n - M i n i m a l
Coupling, (W. UNRUH), May 1989, now P.D.F. at University
of Montreal.
MARTIN HÙRLIMANN, Cryogenic Hydrogen Maser, (W.
Hardy), July 1989, now P.D.F. at Dept. of Physics, University
of California, Berkeley.
WERNER H. KEIL, Perturbative Finite Temperature Field
Theory in Minkowski Space, (G. SEMENOFF), September 1989,
now instructor at Okanagan College, B.C.
ROBERT G. LINK, Anomalies and the Q u a n t u m Theory of
Chiral Matter on a Line, (G. Semenoff), August 1989, now P.D.F.
at University of Perugia, Italy.
CALUM E. MacAULAY, Development, Implementation and
Evaluation of Segmentation Algorithms for the Automatic
Classification of Cervical Cells, (B. Palcic), October 1989, now
Research Scientist at B.C. Cancer Research Centre.
ALEXANDER R. RUTHERFORD, H o l o n o m y in Q u a n t u m
Physics, (G. Semenoff), September 1989, now P.D.F. at E.T.H.Zurich, Switzerland.
Continued on p. 31
janvier 1990 27
News / Nouvelles
Lewis lecture
WILKINSON LINKS ART A N D SCIENCE
What is the c o m m o n link between the feet of St Matthew
in a medieval picture, the twisted beak of a crossbill, the
napkins used by diners at a circular table, and the birth of
the universe? As a Deep River audience was to learn at the
1989 W.B. Lewis Memorial Lecture on October 6, the answer
is that they are all examples of spontaneous deviations from
symmetry.
The memorial lecture series, w h i c h is intended for the general
public, was established last year by Atomic Energy of Canada
Limited to h o n o u r the man considered to be the father of
the C A N D U nuclear power system. Speakers are chosen to
reflect Lewis's c o m m i t m e n t to excellence in science and to
the humanitarian applications of science. Nobel Prize winner
John Polanyi gave the first lecture in 1988.
Sir Denys Wilkinson, this year's guest lecturer, developed his
theme of symmetry breaking w i t h real virtuosity, covering
art, architecture, nature, ordinary human experience and
finally leaving us w h e r e it all began — examining the first
fractions of a second after the " b i g bang", that cataclysmic
m o m e n t w h e n our universe was f o r m e d and the laws of nature
were set in place.
There are few speakers w i t h better credentials for encompassing such a broad spectrum — and fewer still w i t h as much
ability to express scientific complexity in layman's terms.
Wilkinson has had a long and influential career as a nuclear
physicist at both Cambridge and O x f o r d Universities, w i t h
achievements ranging from the most applied (he invented
the first m o d e r n "pulse-height analyzer") to the most abstract.
Early in his career he even studied and w r o t e on bird
navigation d u r i n g a period of enforced abstinence from
nuclear research that f o l l o w e d a radiation overdose.
For the ten years prior to his recent retirement, Wilkinson
was Vice Chancellor of the University of Sussex, but even
d u r i n g that time he maintained his scientific creativity, writing
at the astonishing rate of 5 journal articles per year.
Broken symmetry
As W i l k i n s o n explained it, humans have a fascination with
symmetry. W e ourselves are left-right symmetric in appearance and w e often force symmetry on our artistic creations,
even t h o u g h we also view perfect symmetry in art as being
rather boring. A m u c h more interesting, possibly even shocking, creation is one that is almost but not quite symmetric.
In his picture, St Matthew faces us directly. He, his clothing
and the decorative w o r k surrounding him are perfectly
symmetric — except for his feet, w h i c h both face to our right.
Here the artist had to abandon symmetry since to make both
feet face out (or in) w o u l d have made the saint look like
a medieval Charlie Chaplin. So the artist was forced to break
symmetry, but he still had a choice — both feet facing left
or both right. Each w o u l d have been satisfactory; quite
spontaneously, he chose right.
In nature, the crossbill is as symmetric as any other bird except
that his top and b o t t o m mandibles d o not meet exactly but
cross over one another, the better t o o p e n pine cones.
A c c o r d i n g to Wilkinson, about half of all crossbills cross in
a clockwise sense and the others, counterclockwise. In a given
bird, nature t o o had to choose a particular way t o break
symmetry; overall, each o p t i o n is equally acceptable.
To give a time scale for symmetry breaking, he showed a
picture of a circular d i n i n g table w i t h napkins placed between
each setting w i t h perfect symmetry. To a diner, though, the
January 1990-
symmetry must be broken w h e n he chooses whether to pick
up the napkin on his left or the one on his right. After some
period of indecision while all the diners individually dither
about what to do, one of them makes a choice. Suddenly,
everyone knows what to do and they all f o l l o w suit. The
symmetry breaking is consistent and is completed very rapidly.
The "big bang"
W i t h these common-sense concepts Wilkinson led his audience on to the more esoteric domain of the " b i g bang".
At the instant of birth of our universe (and many other
universes), w h e n all matter was at a small, incredibly hot point,
there was only one fundamental force: the symmetry was
perfect. As the mass expanded and cooled, " c h o i c e s " were
made in each universe as symmetry was spontaneously broken
again and again. In ours, the forces as we know them —
gravity, the nuclear force, the " w e a k " force, and the electromagnetic force — one by one became distinct. The laws
of nature in our universe came into being just as the choices
of napkins are made in a banquet hall filled w i t h circular
d i n i n g tables.
In the end, our universe is marvelously suited to our needs
— to life. But it is a near thing! Wilkinson pointed out that
if the nuclear force were merely 3% stronger or 3% weaker
then life w o u l d be impossible. He claimed that there are at
least twenty other "coincidences" of this type in nature.
O n e possible explanation, of course, is that the universe was
simply created that way for us. However, with the concepts
he had developed, it was more natural to see our universe
as one of an infinite number of universes each w i t h different
laws resulting from different " c h o i c e s " as symmetries had
been spontaneously broken. As to our place in it, w e are
here in this universe simply because this is where w e fit.
In fact, given the conditions as Wilkinson had described them,
we seem almost to be inevitable here.
J.C. Hardy
Chalk River
THE 25TH CANADIAN UNDERGRADUATE
PHYSICS CONFERENCE
This past November the University of Waterloo hosted the
25th Canadian Undergraduate Physics Conference. The conference was first established in 1965 w i t h the purpose of
providing undergraduate physics students w i t h the o p p o r tunity to:
1) present a scientific paper or poster on w o r k they have
been doing at their university or on a work term in industry
2) hear w o r l d renowned physicists talk about their experiences and current research
3) exchange information and share ideas w i t h other physics
students across Canada.
This year 120 delegates from 22 universities across Canada
attended the conference. Short talks were given on such
topics as Chaos, Biophysics, and Nuclear and Particle Physics.
These papers as well as a variety of posters and papers were
judged and awards were given.
Seven invited speakers gave talks o n their areas of expertise.
These lectures were extremely varied and ranged from
"What's a Nice Physicist Like Vou Doing In a Hospital Like
This" (Dr. Jerry Battista, Medical Physicist) t o " W h a t G o o d
is a Physicist?" (Dr. Derek Lane-Smith, founder of the Canadian
Center for Creative Technology and creator of the Shad Valley
Program).
This year's conference was a great success, and the organizers
w o u l d like to express their thanks to the delegates, speakers
and the many sponsors (listed below) w h o made this year's
conference possible.
Alcan International Limited, Kingston Research and
Development Center
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Research Company,
Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (Awards)
Bell Cellular Inc.
B.F. G o o d r i c h Canada Inc.
Canadian Association of Physicists (Student travel and
accommodation subsidies)
Canada W i r e and Cable Limited
CAP Communications, Division of Electrohome Limited
C.D. Nova-Tech Inc.
Casey P. August (personal donation)
CUPC '88, Dalhousie University
Digital Equipment of Canada Ltd.
E.G. & G. Instruments Division, E.G. & G. Canada Ltd.
Fisher Scientific Limited
General Electric Canada Inc.
Hatch Associates
Laurie E. Reed, Chief Geophysicist, BP Resources Canada
Limited (personal donation)
Merlan Scientific Ltd.
Mitsubishi Electric Sales Canada Inc., Waterloo Factory
Ontario Hydro: Darlington NGS-A; Research Division
Philips Electronics Ltd., Scientific & Industrial Equipment
Division
Polysar, Basic Petrochemicals Division
Premier of Ontario and Minister of Intergovernmental
Affairs, Government Hospitality Fund (banquet)
Scientific Atlanta, Digital Video Systems Corp.
TCC Beverages
The Linton Technology G r o u p Ltd.
The W A T C O M G r o u p Inc.
Uniroyal G o o d r i c h Canada Inc.
University of Waterloo: Department of Physics, Faculty of
Science, Faculty of Science Foundation, Federation of
Students, and Physics Club (winter 1988)
Varian Canada Inc.
Waterloo Scientific Inc.
W.G. Alexander Ltd.
PERSPECTIVES O N
WOMEN
SCIENCE FOR
" . . . w e were independent, responsible for ourselves (no
curfew, etc.)"
" I f o u n d that I really w o u l d enjoy w o r k i n g in a laboratory
all day long doing experiments over and over again until I
got data that I could make some sense out of and draw some
conclusions from. I don't find it m o n o t o n o u s or boring like
I thought it w o u l d be before this workshop. The experience
was great."
Trent plans to expand the workshop this year, to take forty
participants.
For further information, contact:
Andra McCartney
Registrar's Office
Trent University
Peterborough, Ontario
K9| 7B8
GOLD MEDAL WINNERS IN SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING A N N O U N C E D
A forest ecologist, a physicist and a submarine builder are
the winners of the 1989 British Columbia Science and Engineering Awards. The Awards, this province's highest form
of recognition for outstanding achievements in science and
engineering, were presented on O c t o b e r 24 at a dinner in
Vancouver's New W o r l d Harbourside Hotel. The three
winners received gold medals and m o u n t e d citations describing their accomplishments.
The winners are:
Dr. Karel Klinka of the University of British Columbia's Faculty
of Forestry.
Dr. James McFarlane, President of International Submarine
Engineering of Port Coquitlam, B.C.
Dr. Walter Hardy of the University of British Columbia's Physics
Department.
YOUNG
The three-day residential Science Careers W o r k s h o p at Trent
University was developed to create a challenging environment
within w h i c h y o u n g w o m e n in high school (grades 9 to 11)
could comfortably explore careers in science. Twenty y o u n g
women, from all parts of Ontario, participated. The program
emphasized small g r o u p interaction and cooperative peer
learning. A gender stereotyping workshop the first day encouraged participants to examine their o w n perceptions
regarding w o m e n in science. Female undergraduates, as well
as female and male faculty, w o r k e d on lab projects such as
cryptology and enzyme kinetics w i t h the participants, and
a careers seminar i n t r o d u c e d local w o m e n scientists. Discussion focused on the relationship between work, family and
other interests, as well as strategies to overcome barriers to
achievement. O n the final day, participants were asked to
reflect o n how their perceptions had changed as a result
of the workshop:
" I f o u n d out that there are a lot of opportunities for w o m e n
in science (and other " n o n - t r a d i t i o n a l " fields). I always knew
there were people out there, but I had never met a w o m a n
in science (except my teacher) before the panel yesterday."
" I learned not only about my o w n projects of anthropology
and psychology, but from talking w i t h the other groups I
learned about various other aspects of science that you
normally w o u l d n ' t get in a high-school class. I enjoyed the
first-hand experience and g r o u p discussions."
Walter Hardy
Versatility in the physical sciences is elusive. It is m u c h more
c o m m o n for y o u n g scientists in chemistry or physics to
choose a narrow field of research and pursue it to the
exclusion of all others. Walter Hardy is among those w h o
remain versatile, whose interests and achievements in the
physical sciences cover a wide range of challenging topics.
Dr. Hardy was born and educated in Vancouver. Both his
university degrees, a Bachelor of Science w i t h Honours in
mathematics and physics and a Ph.D. in physics, were earned
at the University of British Columbia. Then, for t w o years
in the mid-1960's, he was a postdoctoral fellow w i t h the Solid
State and Magnetic Resonance G r o u p at Saclay in France.
After a further five years w i t h the spectroscopy g r o u p at North
American Rockwell in California, he returned to UBC and
janvier 1 9 9 0
29
j o i n e d the physics department in August, 1971. He was
appointed a full professor in 1976.
His early research interests involved the study of solid molecular hydrogen. His papers and lectures on magnetic resonance, Raman scattering and microwave absorption in
h y d r o g e n and related systems have b e c o m e w o r l d w i d e
models of concise scientific investigation. In another line of
research, he and his students have set up experiments designed to study spin-polarized atomic hydrogen at temperatures close to absolute zero. These are considered to be
among the most difficult and ambitious experiments being
attempted anywhere. His solutions to some of the experimental problems have made him a w o r l d leader in this
question. Along the way, in 1986, in what he himself considers
one of his greatest achievements, he and his associates
developed the cold hydrogen maser, possibly the world's most
accurate clock.
In the last t w o years, Dr. Hardy has turned some of his time
and talents to w o r k in the fascinating realm of high critical
temperature superconductors. W i t h his colleagues and students he became an early leader in the p r o d u c t i o n and testing
of these materials and his discoveries about their nature and
performance have placed h i m at the forefront of superconductor research. It is hardly surprising that, with the great
public interest in this field, Dr. Hardy has willingly and clearly
explained the importance of superconductivity on radio,
television and in the press.
Walter Hardy has been widely h o n o u r e d both for his research,
his teaching and his versatility. In 1978 he w o n both the
Canadian Association of Physicists' Herzberg Medal and the
Steacie Prize from the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council. He was one of the youngest people ever
elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1980. His
university has h o n o u r e d him w i t h the Jacob Bieley Faculty
Research prize and the Killam Research Prize. N o w it is time
for the people of British Columbia to recognize this outstanding h o m e - g r o w n scientist.
President of the Canadian Institute of Neutron Scattering.
He is the former Chairman of the Department of Physics at
the University of Delaware. Dr. J.A. Kernahan is now Associate
Dean in the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research. Dr.
H.S. Sherif is the new Associate Chairman of the Department.
Dr. L.G. Greeniaus has been appointed Professor of Physics,
effective October, 1989.
Dr. H. Umezawa, Killam Professor of Physics was elected
Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in March, 1989. Dr.
D.I. Gough was honored by the South African Geophysical
Association and awarded the Rudolf Krahmann Medal for
1989. Drs. J.P. Franck and E.R. Kanasewich have been awarded
McCalla Professorships at the University of Alberta for 1989/
90. Dr. Kanasewich has also received the Best Paper Award
for 1988 from the Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Dr. G. Rostoker has been seconded (1/3 time) to the National
Research Council of Canada in order to carry out his recently
acquired duties as Principal Investigator for the Canadian
Space Program CANOPUS. Drs. G. Rostoker, W. Rozmus and
J.C. Samson are members of the consortium w h i c h has
recently been awarded a Network of Centers of Excellence
for Space Research.
Dr. Don Page of Pennsylvania State University is spending
a year as a Visiting Professor in our Department. Other Visiting
Scientists this year include: Dr. G. Ane, Xinjiang University;
Dr. K. Botros, University of Kuwait; Dr. Y.X. Gui, Dalian Institute
of Technology; Dr. A. Johansson, Chalmers University of
Technology; Dr. N. Sataric, Faculty of Technical Science,
Yugoslavia; Dr. K. Seto, Hokkaigakuen University; Dr. S. Zhou,
Fudan University. From the U.S.S.R. we have Drs. V. Markushevish, G. Korotova and S. Novkova visiting us this year.
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR . . . Professor Takashi
Fujimoto of the Department of Engineering Science, Kyoto
University, Japan, spent October as Visiting Professor under
the auspices of the University Research Board and w i t h the
support of an NSERC International Scientific Exchange Award.
For his achievements in natural sciences, Dr. Walter N. Hardy
is awarded the 1989 British Columbia Science and Engineering
Gold Medal.
Professor Fujimoto specializes in atomic and molecular processes in plasmas and in plasma spectroscopy, areas of
research in w h i c h there is considerable interest and activity
in the Physics Department.
DANIELLE ROS À L'ACFAS
Dr. Gilberte Chambaud, a quantum chemist and vice-director
of the Chemistry laboratories of E.N.S., Paris, visited in August.
Le conseil d'administration de l'Association canadiennefrançaise pour l'avancement des sciences (ACFAS) et son
Président, Camille Limoges, ont le plaisir d'annoncer la nomination de Danielle Ros au poste de directrice générale de
l'Acfas, à compter du 21 août 1989.
Depuis 1923, l'Acfas oeuvre à l'avancement des sciences et
des technologies; elle regroupe près de 10 000 scientifiques
francophones de toutes disciplines.
Steacie Prize awarded to Richard Bond
The Steacie Prize in the Natural Sciences for 1989 has been
awarded to Dr. J. Richard Bond of the Canadian Institute for
Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto.
The Selection Panel cited Dr. Bond for his distinguished
contributions to physical cosmology.
Canadian Physicists
Physiciens canadiens
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA . . . Dr. Henry R. Glyde has
assumed the Chairmanship of the Department of Physics
effective May 1, 1989. Dr. Glyde has also been elected
January 1990-
Dr. Jacek Migdalek of the Pedagogical University of Krakow
spent Sept-Dec. on a research project.
Dr. George King visited from Manchester in September on
a NATO-sponsored collaboration w i t h Dr. Bill McConkey.
Dr. G o r d o n Drake spent August as the guest of the Argonne
National Laboratories.
Dr. Tom Szczurek from the University of Torun, Poland, spent
4 months starting mid-June.
Dr. Satoshi Yabushita from the University of Hiroshima visited
in September.
AT YORK UNIVERSITY . . . Congratulations to: Behram Antia,
a 4th year major in Mathematics and Physics, w h o w o n the
first prize for his talk entitled: "Fractal Geometry: A Promising
Analytic Tool in Physics?" at the 25th annual Canadian
Undergraduate Physics Conference held at the University of
Waterloo in November, 1989; Bill Frisken for serving as a
c o m m i t t e e member for DOE/NSERC Review of the SNO
project; James Laframboise w h o has been appointed by NASA
as a member of the peer review panel for assessment of
proposals submitted in response to the NASA A n n o u n c e m e n t
of the O p p o r t u n i t y for Active Space Plasma Physics Programme; Peter Liu, (Condensation on Aerosol Particles and
its Inhibition) w h o was awarded a Ph.D. in Experimental Space
Science at the fall 1989 graduation exercise. Peter is now
a P.D.F. w i t h A.E.S. w o r k i n g on c l o u d Physics; Lewis Poulin,
(Total O z o n e Fields from Meteorological Parameters) and to
Majorie Shepherd, (A Study of the Biological Emissions of
N 2 0 and NOx From an Agricultural Site). M.Sc. degrees were
formally awarded to them at the Fall 1989 York University
Convocation; James Megaw w h o was awarded the new 1989
Faculty of Science Excellence in Teaching Award.
John Caldwell gave a talk entitled " D e e p Space Exploration:
Present and Future" to dozens of High School Teachers at
the December 6th M e e t i n g w i t h the York Physics Department.
The annual York Physics Department Christmas Lecture to
High School Students was given on December 7th and was
entitled: "Giant Planets and Giant Lizards: Voyager and the
Extinction of the Dinosaurs". The talk was jointly given by
Michael De Robertis and Marshall McCall.
Allan Rilling, one of our CRESS Graduate Students, is taking
a leave of absence f r o m his studies to w o r k as a chemist/
spectroscopist w i t h Bomem Inc., Québec City.
The Denise Hobbins Prize for the best performance in the
First Year Physics Course at York University was awarded to
Liang-Hng Koh. The R.M. Hobson 2nd year Physics Prize was
jointly awarded to Norman Eric Rothery and Alain Marsman.
The t h i r d year Physics Prize in Experimental Physics was
awarded to Noam Eisen. Congratulations are in order for all
of these winners.
York now boasts a new chapter of an international club called
the Students for Exploration and Development of Space
(SEDS). Its current president is Christine Marton, a graduate
student w o r k i n g o n the effects of space on space travellers.
The members of the club are from all disciplines of the
University. In addition, students enrolled in the new undergraduate stream in Space and C o m m u n i c a t i o n Sciences have
established their o w n club, under president Michael Bagley,
and faculty adviser G.G. Shepherd.
The International Space University will convene for courses
at York University under the auspices of The Canadian
Foundation for the International Space University, York
University, The University of Toronto, Ryerson Technical
Institute, École Polytechnique of Montréal and ISTS (to name
a few).
We regretfully note that Anis Sabeth, a former York M.Sc.
graduate died in mid-November. Anis was w o r k i n g as research
associate w i t h I.S.T.S. O u r special condolences to the bereaved relatives.
Calendar / Calendrier
3e conférence canadienne sur la supraconductivité à haute
température/3rd, Canadian Symposium on High Temperature Superconductivity,
University, Montréal, QC.
4-5 Mai/May
1990,
Contact:
programme :
L.G. Caron
Centre de recherche en physique du solide
Faculté des sciences
Sherbrooke, Q C |1K 2R1
(819) 821-7056
local arrangements:
J. Strom-Olsen
Rutherford Physics Building
McGill University
3600 University St.
Montréal, Q C H3A 2T8
(514) 392-4419
McGill
Canadian Radiation Protection Association, eleventh Annual Meeting, June 12-14, 1990, Saint John, New Brunswick,
Canada.
For further information contact:
John J. Paciga
New Brunswick Power
Health Physics Department
Point Lepreau Generating Station
P.O. Box 10
Lepreau, New Brunswick
Canada E0G 2H0
Tel. (506) 659-2220 Extension 324
4th International Workshop on Slow-Positron Beam Techniques for Solids & Surfaces, July 3-6,1990, London, Ontario.
For further information contact:
Dr. Peter J. Schultz
Dept. of Physics
The University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario, N6A 3K7
CANADA
Phone: (519) 661-3390
Fax: (519) 661-2033
Bitnet: pjs@uwovax
CALLS FOR NOMINATIONS
THE M A N N I N G AWARDS
Nominees for the Awards must be Canadian Citizens resident
in Canada. Nominations for the 1990 Awards close o n February
15, 1990.
An information Pamphlet and N o m i n a t i o n Forms may be
obtained by writing to:
The Manning Awards
2300, 639 Fifth Avenue S.W.
Calgary, Alberta, T2P 0M9
(403) 226-7571 FAX: (403) 266-8154
ROYAL BANK AWARD 1989
The annual Royal Bank Award for Canadian Achievement
honours a Canadian citizen or person d o m i c i l e d in Canada
whose outstanding accomplishment makes an important cont r i b u t i o n to human welfare and the c o m m o n good.
Nominations should be submitted to the Secretary of the
Selection Committee by February 28, 1990.
Inquiries and nominations should be addressed to:
The Secretary, Selection Committee
Royal Bank Award, P.O. Box 1102
Montréal, Québec
H3C 2X9
Telephone: (514) 874-6679
Continued
from p. 27
UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY
DAVID BRITTON. A Study of 7r + -e + t> e Decay, (D. Bryman),
November 1989, now w o r k i n g at TRIUMF, Vancouver, B.C.
MARGARET FINCKE-KEELER, Bose-Enstein Correlations in
Proton-Antiproton Collisions at y / s = 200 to 900 GeV, (A.
Astbury), May 1989, now w o r k i n g at the University of Victoria.
D A V I D HOLMGREN. The A b s o l u t e D i m e n s i o n s of Ten
Eclipsing Binary Stars w i t h Components of Early Spectral Type,
(C.D. Scarfe), May 1989, now at the Queen's University of
Belfast, N. Ireland.
SVEIN VAGLE. An Acoustic Study of the Upper Ocean
Boundary Layer, (D. Farmer), November 1989, n o w w o r k i n g
at the Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC.
janvier 1 9 9 0
31
Books Received!Livre s reçus
The following books have been received for review.
Readers are invited to write reviews of books of
interest to them. Books may be requested from the
book review editor G.R.Hébert: BITNET:»PHYSCAN@YUSOL"
or at Department of Physics, York University, 4700
Keele St., North York, Ontario, M3J 1P3. Tel: 1-416736-2100 ext 3837.
*****
*****
00
*****
GENERAL
300 YEARS OF GRAVITATION, edited by S.W. Hawking and
W. Israel, Cambridge University Press, 1987, (pbk.,
1989), pp xiii+690. ISBN 0-521-37976-8; QC178.T47.
Price: $ 34.50 pbk.
ASPECTS OF QUANTUM FIELD THEORY IN CURVED SPACE-TIME,
London Mathematical Society Student Texts 17, by S.A.
Fulling, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp ix+315.
ISBN 0-521-34400-X. Price: $ 49.50 he. ($ 19.95 pbk).
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY, GUAGE THEORIES, AND GRAVITY,
by
M Gôckler & T. Schiicker, Cambridge University
Press, 1989, ppxii+230. ISBN 0-521-37821-4; QC20.7.
D52. Price: $ 19.95 pbk.
EINSTEIN AS MYTH AND MUSE, by Alan J. Friedman and
Carol C. Donley, Cambridge University Press, 1985,
(pbk 1989), pp xiv+224. ISBN 0-521-37963-6; PR478.E3.
Price: $ 19.95 pbk.
LECTURES IN THE SCIENCES OF COMPLEXITY, Proceedings
of the 1988 Complex Systems Summer School Held JuneJuly, 1988, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, edited by Daniel L. Stein, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., 1989, pp xxv+
862. ISBN 0-201-51015-4; Q175.2767. Price: $ 48.50 he
OPTICAL ELECTRONICS, by A.K. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp xii+624.
ISBN 0-521-30643-4; TA1750.G48. Price: $ 120.50 h.c.
($ 37.50 pbk).
PLASMA PHYSICS AND PLASMA ELECTRONICS, edited by L.M.
Kovriznykh, Nova Science Publ., 1989, pp x+313. ISBN
0-941743-47-0. Price: 85.00 he.
SCHRÔDINGER LIFE AND THOUGHT, by Walter Moore, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp xi+513. ISBN 0-52135434-X; QC16.S265M66. Price: $ 39.50 h.c.
20
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
NUCLEAR PHYSICS: ENERGY AND MATTER, by J.M. Pearson,
Adam Hilger Ltd., 1986, pp xiv+250. ISBN 0-85274-8043; QC776.539.7. Price: $ 25.00 he.
NUCLEAR FUSION, by Keishiro Niu, Cambridge University
Press, 1989, pp xii+240. ISBN 0-521-32994-9; QC791.73
N5813. Price: $ 59.00 h.c.
THE EXPERIMENTAL FOUNDATIONS OF PARTICLE PHYSICS, by
Robert N.Cahn and Gerson Goldhaber, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp x+428. ISBN 0-521-33255-9; QC793
•2.C34. Price: $ 49.50 he.
SAFETY OF THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, edited by K. Ebert.
and R.V. Ammon, VCH Publ.Inc., 1989, pp iv+348. ISBN
0-895-73863-5. Price: $ 128.00 he.
40
FUNDAMENTAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY
ELEMENTARY POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY, by Erik W. Thul
strup, and Joseph Michl, VCH Publ. Inc., 1989, pp vii
+167. ISBN 0-985-73755-8; QD473.T47. Price: $ 35.00hc
FRINGE '89: AUTOMATIC PROCESSING OF FRINGE PATTERNS,
Proceedings of the I. International Workshop on Automatic Processing of Fringe Patterns (Berlin, 1989),
edited by
Wolfgang Osten, Ryszard J. Pryputniewicz,
Graeme T. Reid, and Hans Rottenkolber, Akadémie-Verlag, (VCH Publ.), 1989, ppl68. ISBN 3055-00682-8.
Price: $ 24.50 pbk.
January 1990-
60
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL, AND
THERMAL PROPERTIES
EXTENDED ICOSAHEDRAL STRUCTURES, edited by Marko V.
Jaric and Denis Gratias, Academic Press, Inc., 1989,
pp x+224. ISBN 0-12-040603-9; QD921.A67.
Price: $ 59.50, he.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER
by D.J. Barber and R. Loudon, Cambridge University
Press, 1989, pp xiii+281. ISBN 0-521-26277-1; QC173.4
C65B37. Price: $ 49.50 he, $19.95 pbk.
MECHANISMS OF REACTIONS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
WITH SURFACES, edited by D.J. Cole and J.O. Williams,
Plenum Press, 1989, pp xiii+299. ISBN 0-306-43205-6;
QC173.4.S94N375. Price: $ 72.50 he.
ORGANOMETALLIC VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY: Theory and Practice, by Gerald B. Stringfellow, Academic Press, Inc.
1989, pp xviii+398. ISBN 0-12-673840-8; QC611.8.C64.
S77. Price: $ 59.50 he.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THIN FILM SUPERCONDUCTORS,
edited by Robert D. McConnell adn Sturat A. Wolf, Plenum Press, 1989, pp xiv+557. ISBN 0-306-43215-3; TK87
2.S8C67. Price: $ 95.00 he.
80
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
THE ART OF ELECTRONICS, 2nd ed., by Paul Horowitz and
Windfield Hill, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp
xxiii+1125. ISBN 0-521-37095-7; TK815.H67.
Price: $ 49.50 he.
NANOSTRUCTURE PHYSICS AND FABRICATION, Proceedings of
the International Symposium, College Station, Texas,
(989), edited by Mark A. Reed and Wiley P. Kirk, Academic Press, Inc., 1989, pp xiv+522. ISBN 0-12-585000-X; QC176.8.E4N32. Price: $ 64.00 he.
NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND POLYMER MICROSTRUCTURE: The Conformational connection, by Alan E. Tonelli, VCH Publishers, Inc., 1989, pp x+252. ISBN 0-89573-737-X; QD
139.P6T66. Price: $ 69.50 he.
PLASMA ETCHING, An Introduction, edited by Dennis M.
Manos and Daniel L. Flamm, Academic Press, 1989, pp
xii+476. ISBN 0-12-469370-9; TA2020.P5.
Price: $ 69.50 he.
90
GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ASTROPHYSICS
DATA ANALYSIS IN ASTRONOMY III, Proceedings of the
Third International Workshop on Data Analysis, 1988,
at Erice, Italy, edited by V. Di Gesù, L. Scarsi, P.
Crane, J.H.
Friedman, S. Levialdi, and M.C. Maccarone, Plenum Press, 1989, pp ix+417. ISBN 0-306431580; QB51.3.E43158 . Price: $ 95.00 he.
INVISIBLE MATTER AND THE FATE OF THE UNIVERSE, by Barry Parker, Plenum Press, 1989, pp x+297. ISBN 0-30643294-3; QB982.P37. Price: 23.50 he.
THE UNFOLDING UNIVERSE, A STELLAR JOURNEY, by Lloyd
Motz and Jefferson Hane Weaver, Plenum Press, 1989,
pp xii+389. ISBN 0-306-43264-1; QB43.2.M674.
Price: $ 24.50 he.
Book Reviews
Critiques des livres
CHAOS AND INTEGRABILITY IN NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, An Introduction, by Michael Tabor, John Wiley and Sons,
1989, pp xiii+364.
ISBN 0-471-82728-2; QA871.T33.
Price: $ 55.00 he.
When the reviewer first began teaching undergraduate
courses in nonlinear dynamics and chaos a few years
ago, there were no introductory texts for use by the
students. Fortunately, this situation has now changed
completely. We now have a number of excellent popular
introductions (Ekeland, Mathematics and the Unejcpected; Stewart, Does God Play Dice?; Gleick, Chaos); semipopular books (Abraham and Shaw, Dynamics, v. 1-4);
introduction to Fractals (Barnsley, Fractals Everywhere) ; and texts suitable for advanced undergraduates (Thompson and Stewart, Nonlinear Dynamics and
Chaos, Schuster, Deterministic Chaos, Moon, Chaotic
Vibrations, Berge, Pomean and Vidal, Order in Chaos).
The book under review by Michael Tabor of Columbia
University belongs to the last category. The author
sets himself the goal to explain the "new" physics
(chaos, etc.) starting from the "old" physics background possessed by most undergraduates.
A second
goal is to explain the transition between the "old"
and "new" (topological) mathematical methods used by
many research workers in the field. The latter objective is carried out unobtrusively, mainly by use of
appendices. (It is interesting to read the opinion of
H. Goldstein (also at Columbia) of the "new" mathematics in his Classical Mechanics, 2nd ed., p. ix). In
my opinion Tabor succeeds admirably in reaching his
goals. He has produced a clear, authoritative book,
which is well documented and historically rich.
Following two very readable review chapters on differential equations and advanced mechanics, the author
discusses his central theme - chaos in Hamilton (non
dissipative) systems - and gives us one of the best
accounts I have seen on the KAM Theorem, homochinic
points, Poincaré maps, etc. The discussion of dissipative systems is also excellent, but briefer. Here
the reviewer was disappointed not to find a simple
explanation or heuristic argument for the Feigenbaum
universal numbers a = 2.50... and S = 4.6... . The
last three chapters cover subjects rarely found in
introductory books: quantum chaos, solitons, and Painlevé Theory (the connection between integrability of
a differential equation and the nature of the singularities of the solutions in the complex plane).Again
the clarity of the explanations stands out.
The book is beautifully produced, and I noticed only
a few misprints (the same equation occurring on pages
73, 77 and 173 is missing a factor of 2T; the boundary condition for the Euler equation (p. 190) is incorrect) . I will be recommending this text highly to
my students.
Chris Gray
University of Guelph
A COURSE IN MATHEMATICS FOR STUDENTS OF PHYSICS: X,
by Paul Bamberg and Shlomo Sternberg, Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp xvii+405. ISBN 0-521-25017-X;
QA37.2B36. Price: $ 49.50 he.
This book is the first volume of a two-volume textbook of mathematics for physics students. This textbook addresses the needs of beginning physics students for an introductory exposition of the mathematics required in modern physics. At present/ vector
and tensor analysis is the predominant language used
to teach physics. Gradually, the exterior differential calculus is becoming the instrument of choice for
geometrical analysis in modern physics.
It provides
simplicity and elegance to the laws of physics, and
emphasizes geometry rather than analysis. Consequently, the authors feel that the exterior calculus should
displace the vector calculus
in the
elementary
curriculum of physics students.
This textbook is based on a course the authors have
been teaching at Harvard for the past eight years.
It is targeted to physics students who have completed
first year university calculus and linear algebra
courses, although the latter is not absolutely necessary as a pre-requisite. The authors use the spiral
method' of teaching whereby the same topic is covered
several times at increasing levels of sophistication.
This method works well in this context but sometimes
leaves an impression of incompleteness in its cover-
algebra, differential and integral calculus, including differential forms and the exterior derivative.
The first four chapters are concerned with linear algebra, including linear transformations in the plane,
eigenvectors and eigenvalues, linear differential eqations in the plane, and scalar products.
The next
four chapters cover differential and integral calculus, including calculus in the plane, theorems of the
differential calculus, differential forms and line integrals, and double integrals.
Chapter nine applies
the results of the first eight chapters to Gaussian
optics. The last two chapters of this volume cover
finite-dimensional vector spaces and linear transformations, where the concepts of the dual space and the
quotient space are introduced, and determinants of n
x n matrices.
This textbook emphasizes the geometric visualization
of mathematical equations, and tries to develop in
the student an intuitive feel for the mathematics. At
the end of each chapter, an interesting summary is
provided which lists what the student is expected to
have learned in the chapter just covered. This allows
the student to review his understanding of the subject matter. Judging from the table of contents of
volume 2, the textbook would have been more complete
if volumes 1 and 2 had been combined under one cover,
but it would then have been more expensive, and its
publication would probably have been delayed. Overall, this book is a welcomed introduction to the
mathematics required in modern physics.
Pierre A. Millette
Bell-Northern Research
A HANDBOOK OF FOURIER THEOREMS, by D.C. Champeney,
Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp xi+185. ISBN 0521-36688-7; QA403.5.C47. Price: $ 17.95 pbk.
This book is intended to be a concise, rigorous summary of the mathematical properties of those theorems
that are the body of Fourier theory. It assumes that
the reader is familiar with the development of this
theory based upon Riemann theory of integration.
It
extends this development by replacing Riemann by Lebesgue integration. The necessity for the introduction of the latter formulation has arisen because of
the now near universal use of electronic computers to
implement the Fourier transform. There is no need to
remind reader the utility of this transform in a wide
spectrum of pure and applied physical science problems. Indeed, it has transformed the way many disciplines are practised today.
This book does not assume that the reader has a knowledge of Lebesgue integration. Consequently, Chapter
2 describes Lebesgue integration. Chapter 3 gives
some useful theorems. Chapter 4 discusses the convergence of sequence of functions, and Chapter 5 deals
with the various forms of the local average of (x)
around a point x. Unfortunately this summary is too
concise for the neophyte, but is a satisfactory refresher for those who are rusty on Lebesgue theory.
Readers will probably find it useful to hone their
mathematical skills using other texts before dipping
into this reference.
Chapters 6-11 cover the classical theory of Fourier
transfer both inside and outside LP.
Chapter 12-16
introduce the more contemporary concepts of generalized function and distribution theory.
Everything
that a pure or applied physical scientist with a good
understanding of Lebesgue theory needs to refer to,
when using Fourier transforms,is summarized. However,
those researchers with a weak background in set theory and Lebesgue integration will find this book too
concise, since it is not a book from which to learn
Fourier theory.
It is a valuable summary and should
find a slot in the bookcase of most post graduate engineers and physicists because of its price in paperback format. Cambridge University Press should be congratulated for re-issuing this book in an economic
format.
H. A. Buckmaster
Dep't of Physics and Astronomy
The University of Calgary
janvier 1990
33
LIGHT, by Micahel I. Sobel, The University of Chicago
Press, 1987, pp x+263. ISBN 0-226-76750-7; QC355.2.S
63. Price: $ 14.95 pbk.
Bertha Jeffries comes immediately to mind but it is
with Margenau and Murphy The Mathematics of Chemistry
and Physics that the real comparison must be made.
I find it difficult to review a book in which the contents suggest it is best categorized as natural science and, therefore, may be viewed as a book for general interest on one hand, or an academic text on the
other. It would seem that LIGHT by Michael A. Sobel
is such a book because it attempts to provide an interesting, easy to follow format suitable for the lay
man, and yet has sufficient depth to be considered a
relevant academic text on the very extensive subject
of light.
By this standard Starzak's book, although of approximately the same length, must be judged incomplete.
The author explains in his Preface that the work grew
out of lectures on matrix analysis to various levels
of students, from junior to graduate level, and this
really defines the content of the book.
Sobel devotes much effort to present the material in
a literal survey fashion, never dwelling too long on
any particular section, but still focusing on the key
scientific fundamentals to help the reader visualize
and appreciate the natural phenomenon and manifestations of light and the role it plays with respect to
man. Anyone whose field of endeavour even marginally
deals with light would certainly find this text (with
it's broadened perspective) of value.
The text consists of ten chapters and ten appendices
and provides the reader with a cursory discussion of
the essential aspects of light. These are supported
by excellent diagrams and illustrations, yet not a
single mathematical formula or expression is presented. It may be argued that the physics presented here
is elementary due mostly to the "natural science" format Sobel has adopted.
However, the illustrations
most notably provide an excellent aid to understanding some of the basic, physical concepts of light.
The most interesting chapter (to this reader) is entitled In The Atmosphere where Sobel's discussion of
more familiar and topical subjects such as airglow,
aurora, "mock suns" (or parhelia) , sun pillars and
rainbows are described. His compelling need to present these everyday phenomena in this style is clearly the strength of this treatise on light. That proverbial question a child asks his parent "Why is the
sky blue?" is perhaps an appropriate footnote to the
kind of question that seems to fuel the refreshing
nature of this text namely; being treated to some
basic science.
But Sobel only whets our appetite because the chapters that follow deal with traditionally complicated
aspects of the physics of light such as quantum theory, relativity, and cosmology, each presented in a
very concise format, while retaining the essential
physical concepts without apparent compromise.
It would appear every major facet of this subject is
covered and it is difficult to locate any one area
which Sobel has failed to at least describe briefly.
He has not attempted to present the rigorous physics
of light with all its associated technical jargon.
Instead he elaborates where necessary, and is satisfied with a more literal explanation versus a technical approach. As I read through Light it became apparent that a technical account of each chapter did
not seem appropriate and I opted to review the text
from a broader, more literal perspective.
The intended readership for this text would appear to
be university undergraduates. Although the text would
well be within a high school student's comprehension,
it is by no means too trivial for a seasoned scientist or engineer. LIGHT is a book that allows you to
sit back and enjoy a science text for science's sake.
Edward W. Hare
Ph.D. Associates Inc.
Downsview, Ont.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, by
Michael E. Starzak, Plenum Press, 1989, pp x+651.
ISBN 0-306-43066-5; QC39.3.M3S73. Price: $ 69.50 he.
Any new book on mathematical methods for the Sciences
invites comparison with its predecessors. Such classics as Mellor, Margenau and Murphy, and Harold and
January 1990-
After a very brief introduction to vectors in which
the bra-ket notation is discussed, the remainder of
the text uses this notation almost exclusively. This
may be in line with modern theoretical physics teaching but, in this reviewer's opinion at least, is like
ly to confuse students who are not already well versed in the subject.
Having said that matrices form the principal theme to
the exclusion of any real discussion of differential
equations and special functions, it must be recognized that the author has contrived to use his ^technique
to solve numerous interesting problems in quantum
chemistry in a rather simple manner.
For its problem content the book is to be commended
but, as an introductory text on Mathematical Methods,
the content is obscure and inadequate.
A.D. Booth
Autonetics Res. Assoc. Inc.
Sooke, B.C.
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS REVIEWS, (Soviet Science Reviews
Section, vol. 7, edited by Ya. G. Sinai, Harwood Academic Publishers, 1988, xiii+337. ISBN 3-7186-0455-8;
QC19.2.S65. Price: U.S. $ 198.00 he., $ 119.00 SAS.
This volume consists four review papers on different
topics in mathematical physics. The first paper considers passive scalar and vector transport processes
in a random non-stationary medium described by linear
parabolic equations, an important problem in magnetohydrodynamics, and related problems in turbulent diffusion. The most interesting effect is the occurrence
of intermittency which is due to the coefficients of
the transport equations are stochastic. The authors
developed a very interesting technique, and some applications in physics and oceanography are discussed.
The second paper deals mainly on the construction and
systematic review of various types of solutions to
the Boltzmann equation. The third paper presents an
in depth review of the spectral properties of some infinite-dimensional stochastic operators (such as in
the lattice Gibbs fields). The results will be of interest to statistical physicists and to quantum field
theorists. The last paper uses a thermodynamic limit
procedure to discuss the solutions of the Cauchy problem for Bogolyubov's equations for three-dimensional
systems of infinite number of particles.
This book is a useful addition to the literature of
statistical physics. It should be of particular interest to statistical physicists.
Nonetheless, because
of its price, it is likely to find its way only in ..
the library.
K. K. Lee
Dept. of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of Colorado
MOLECULAR FLOW IN COMPLEX VACUUM SYSTEMS, par G.L.
Saksaganskii, traduction de V.A. Pleshakov, Gordon
and Breach Science Publishers, 1988, pp xiii+162.
ISBN 2-88124-658-3; TJ940.S24. Prix: $ 89.00; S.A.S.
$ 49.00; Texte $ 42.00
Le premier chapitre de ce livre petit format couvre
les fondements de la théorie des écoulements moléculaires: la théorie cinétique des gaz, les approches
simples de Knudsen et Clausing, et les définitions
des concepts pratiques de conductance et de vitesse
de pompage. C'est là le niveau atteint par la plupart
des physiciens et ingénieurs. Le deuxieme chapitre introduit quatre formalismes pour calculer la distribution spatio-temporelle du flux dans un système a géométrie arbitraire, y compris en présence de dégazage,
d 1 adsorption et de pompes. Ce sont la méthode de Monté-Carlo et celle des coefficients angulaires, et
deux méthodes introduites par l'école soviétique,
l'intégrale cinétique et les surfaces équivalentes.
Les trois dernières méthodes se prêtent à des calculs
analytiques ou numériques moins lourds que la méthode
de Monté-Carlo. Le reste du livre est consacré à un
grand nombre d'exemples de calculs, non seulement de
conductance ou de vitesse effective, mais de"' la fonction de distribution complète du gaz.
Ce livre ne traite en aucune façon la physique des
collisions moléculaires avec les parois, ou de la désorption, ou du pompage. Mais à ma connaissance aucun
livre ne résumait ainsi les techniques mathématiques
modernes de calcul de flux moléculaires, dispersées
dans la littérature, occidentale ou soviétique.
La
bibliographie est biaisée du côté de cette dernière
(12 sur 155 références) .
Le style et la traduction
sont très convenables, sauf quelques cas, dont un qui
m'a trompé ("transient flow'à la place de "transition
flow", p. 90). Bien lire la nomenclature (p. xii) car
la notation est bizarre (G pour conductance, F pour
surface, etc.), et sans doute derivée de mots russes.
Les figures et tableaux sont abondants et utiles au
praticien, mais les figures sont peu esthétiques et
les legendes insuffisantes - il faut se référer au
texte bien souvent.
B. Terreault
INRS-Énergie
Varennes
with emphasis on the quantum and statistical aspects
of the subject matter. The theory covered is a combination of classical electromagnetic theory, statistical physics and quantum mechanics, that applies to
the subject matter.
This book consists of seven chapters. The first three
chapters cover the background material required for
an understanding of properties of stochastic processes. The second chapter reviews the quantum mechanical and statistical background required in this book,
in particular density matrices and perturbation theory. Chapter three considers the magnetic resonance
of a spin-1/2 system to preview the interaction of a
two-level atomic system with a radiation field.
The last four chapters cover the interaction of a radiation field with matter. Chapter four considers the
quantization of the radiation field and its statistical properties. Chapter five looks at the processes
of photon absorption, emission, and scattering that
occur when a radiation field is coupled to an atomic
system. Chapter six covers reservoir theory and damping, applied to a dynamical system consisting of atoms interacting with a radiation field.
The book
closes with a chapter on nonlinear and multiphoton
processes.
This book covers many topics, some briefly, some in
greater detail.
References are provided at the end
of each chapter to allow interested readers to delve
more deeply into particular topics. Overall, this is
a well-written introduction to photon-atom interactions, which complements the author's earlier book
Atoms and Molecules.
Pierre A. Millette
Bell-Northern Research
OPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION, by P.
Cielo, Academic Press, Inc., 1988, pp xii+606. ISBN 0
12-174655-0; TS156.2.C55. Price: $ 74.50 he.
Written by a research worker at the N.R.C. Industrial
Materials Research Institute in Quebec, this is a
book which should be in the library of every physicist who has to do with Industry.
It might also be
required reading by Physics Students.
Although the title suggests that the book is about
optical inspection techniques, in fact it covers
almost every application of physics to industrial
inspection: from mechanical gauging to acoustic flaw
detection. And, it should be added, not in a superficial manner but in sufficient detail to be really
useful.
The range of optical methods is also extensive, crude
fibre optic endoscopes, optical pyrometry and image
analysis also form a part of the discussion which
naturally includes the latest holographic techniques
for pressure measurement and structural distortion.
There are sections on process control and on material
analysis as well as on vibration analysis. Even the
suitability and characteristics of lens systems are
analyzed.
Not least of the book's virtues is the 52 pages of
references to guide the user to more detailed information. Although it is doubtful if some of these
explain matters as clearly as does the author of this
book. It will be clear from these remarks that the
reviewer is enthusiastic about the volume, which will
certainly achieve classic status in its field.
PRINCIPLES OF LASERS, 3rd ed., by Orazio Svelto, translated by David C. Hanna, Plenum Press, 1989, pp xiii
+494. ISBN 0-306-42967-5;QC688.S913. Price: $ 39.50hc
No need to hang your head low Walt Dooley on this one
. .. although Art Schawlow primes the prepared on the
dust cover. Orazio Svelto's Principles of Lasers is a
"Svel" book for a 3rd re-edited version of his 1976
monograph covering much of the usual basics in laser
dogma: intros, radiation-matter stuff, pumping, resonating, Q-switching...
Where's all the neat widgits? Being in the laser ball
game personally, I was hoping to pop off a contract
and review this book like two birds in the bosom but
NOOOO! - No Ti-Sapphire (Ti:Al 2 03) - No Tm:YAG, No Ho
:TM, No Co:MgFj. I remember reading about Er:YAG but
try to find it in the index? - Orazio has a few words
on CrBeAl 2 0 4 (Alexandrite) = Good Stuff but Where's
the Lidars, MOPAs, eye safety hype and DOD (Department of Death) SDI Killer Lasers?
O.S. does leak a
touch from the Novette laser at Larry Livermore's Lab
and tells us we'd need a nuclear detonation in our
lab for an X-Ray laser to do 10" 1 0 output of the pump
energy.
The toughest thing to take in this book is the price
tag at 0.04 kilobucks!
The best thing in this book is the selected answers
at the back - those not selected have no solution -,
and page v shows proof that the LASER was known in
100 AD, in a quotation from Pliny the Elder, but then
lost again in the 2nd century AD!
A.D. Booth
Autonetics Res. Assoc. Inc.
Sooke, B.C.
R.N. Dubinsky
Sky Council
Toronto
PHOTON-ATOM INTERACTIONS, by Mitchel Weissbluth, Academic Press, 1989, pp xiii+407. ISBN 0-12743660-X;
QC794.8P4W45. Price: $ 69.50 he.
SOLITONS, AN INTRODUCTION,
by P.G. Drazin and R.S.
Johnson, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp xii+226
ISBN 0521-33389-X; QA927.D72. Price: $ 59.50 he.
The invention of the laser in the I960's has led to a
new era in the study of photon-atom interactions.
This book is meant to be an introduction to the field
This is one of the best books on soliton theory which
has so far appeared. The fairly voluminous book literature on the subject has avoided any serious at-
janvier 1990
35
tempt to relate the non-linear differential equation
theory which describes the soliton phenomenon to the
physics of the situation.
This new book starts with a brief survey of elementary linear wave theory and then proceeds to a discussion of the way in which the introduction of a single
cubic derivative leads to the Korteweg-de-Vries dispersive equation, whilst a quadratic derivative leads
to Burgers dissipative equation.
Next there is an excellent account of the discovery
of soliton waves by J. Scott-Russell in 1834 and of
their mathematical analysis by Boussinesq and Lord
Rayleigh. The importance of underlying physical principles is everywhere stressed and useful examples guide the reader to further analyses of related effects.
The remainder of the book gives a comprehensive account of non-linear partial differential equation the
ory using the Korteweg-de-Vries, Burgers and sine-Gor
don equations as models. The importance of numerical
solutions is stressed and several 3-D diagrams make
the nature of soliton interaction clear. There is a
comprehensive bibliography and a listing of available
films on soliton behaviour.
This is a timely book in the light of current interest in solitons, not only in hydrology but also in
fundamental particle theory.
A.D. Booth
Autonetics Research Assoc.
Sooke B.C.
/
\
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
C A P offers a service to b r i n g together career
seekers and employers in the physical sciences.
Interested candidates should request an inform a t i o n f o r m and return it to
Canadian Association o f Physicists
151 Slater St., Suite 903
Ottawa, Ontario, K I P 5 H 3
This i n f o r m a t i o n w i l l be kept on file and made
available to all prospective employers.
Employers should contact the above address
and provide a brief description o f the position
and the skills required.
/
Detector Scientist or Engineer:
File ELOPT 89-005
T h e c a n d i d a t e w i l l c o n d u c t research o n t h e chara c t e r i z a t i o n of focal plane arrays a n d t h e i r use in
e l e c t r o - o p t i c a l systems. The c a n d i d a t e s h o u l d have
e x p e r i e n c e in t h e d e s i g n a n d t e s t i n g of i n f r a r e d
e l e c t r o - o p t i c a l systems or devices. Experience in t h e
d e v e l o p m e n t a n d use of i m a g i n g sensors is s t r o n g l y
desired. Experience in t h e use of c r y o g e n i c systems,
v i d e o systems, digital c o n t r o l o r i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n
e n g i n e e r i n g w i l l be a d e f i n i t e asset. T h e c a n d i d a t e
w i l l have a p o s t - g r a d u a t e d e g r e e in a physical s c i e n c e
or electrical e n g i n e e r i n g or e q u i v a l e n t e x p e r i e n c e .
Electrical Engineer: File ELOPT 89-004
T h e c a n d i d a t e w i l l be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a n a l o g a n d
digital design, c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d testing of h a r d w a r e
r e q u i r e d for testing, analysis a n d a p p l i c a t i o n of state
of t h e art o p t i c a l a n d IR i m a g i n g d e t e c t o r arrays. T h e
c a n d i d a t e w i l l aid in testing, c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , a n d
a p p l y i n g d e t e c t o r arrays a n d r e p o r t o n t h e results.
Experience w i t h l o w noise preamplifiers, a n a l o g t o
digital converters, sampling techniques, noise
m e a s u r e m e n t s , analysis in f r e q u e n c y a n d t i m e
d o m a i n s , a n d Pascal o r ' C ' p r o g r a m m i n g in UNIX
a n d M S D O S e n v i r o n m e n t s are desired. I n s t r u m e n tation engineering and c o m p u t e r interfacing w o u l d
be assets. A d e g r e e in e l e c t r i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g w i t h
e x p e r i e n c e o r a post g r a d u a t e d e g r e e is desired.
Calibration Technologist or Scientist:
File ELOPT 89-003
An opto-mechanical technologist or a calibration
scientist is r e q u i r e d w h o s e m a j o r responsibilities are
d e v e l o p m e n t , installation a n d test of c o m p o n e n t s
w i t h i n t h e o p t i c a l c a l i b r a t i o n facility. T h e c a n d i d a t e
w i l l be e x p e c t e d t o p r o v i d e m e c h a n i c a l design a n d
l a b o r a t o r y assistance that is c u s t o m i z e d f o r i n d i v i d u a l
users. Experience w i t h e l e c t r o n i c c i r c u i t s is a d e f i n i t e
asset. Candidates s h o u l d have a t e c h n o l o g y d i p l o m a
or bachelors d e g r e e in t h e physical sciences o r
engineering.
Candidates w i l l be e x p e c t e d t o w o r k in c o n j u n c t i o n
w i t h o t h e r l a b o r a t o r y m e m b e r s . Salary is c o m m e n s u r a t e w i t h e x p e r i e n c e . Excellent benefits. A p plications, i n c l u d i n g CV a n d references, s h o u l d be
sent to: Ms. M . Li, Institute for Space and Terrestrial
Science, 4850 Keele Street, York University Campus,
North York, Ontario, M3J 3K1 before February 15,
1990. The Institute is an e q u a l o p p o r t u n i t y e m p l o y e r .
In a c c o r d a n c e w i t h Canada i m m i g r a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s this a d v e r t i s e m e n t is d i r e c t e d t o C a n a d i a n
citizens a n d p e r m a n e n t residents.
January 1990-
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Associate Professor
The University of Calgary Department of Physics and
Astronomy invites applications for a tenure-track appointment at the Associate Professor level effective July 1, 1990.
Requirements include a PhD, a strong research record in
radio astronomy and demonstrated competence in undergraduate teaching.
Current departmental research in the area of astrophysics
include infrared astronomy, radio astronomy, solar astronomy,
and x-ray astronomy. Applicants should have a demonstrated record in obtaining telescope time on large national
and international radio observatories and be able to attract
external funding for their research on these or related
topics.
In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements,
priority will be given to Canadian citizens and permanent
residents of Canada. The University of Calgary has an
Employment Equity Program and encourages applications
from all qualified candidates, including women, aboriginal
people, visible minorities, and people with disabilities.
Applications with curriculum vitae and the names of three
referees should be sent by February 15, 1990 to:
Dr. C.J. B l a n d
H e a d , D e p a r t m e n t of P h y s i c s a n d A s t r o n o m y
T h e U n i v e r s i t y of C a l g a r y
2 5 0 0 U n i v e r s i t y D r i v e N.W.
Calgary, Alberta
T 2 N 1N4
Chair
Department of
Applied Sciences in Medicine
T h e D e p a r t m e n t of Applied S c i e n c e s in M e d i c i n e is d e v o t e d t o
applying to medicine the thinking, p h e n o m e n a , techniques and
t e c h n o l o g i e s of e n g i n e e r i n g , p h y s i c s , m a t h e m a t i c s a n d c o m p u t i n g
science. It t h u s e m b r a c e s b i o m e d i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g , b i o p h y s i c s , m e d i c a l
p h y s i c s , m e d i c a l i n f o r m a t i c s a n d v a r i o u s o t h e r specialities. C u r r e n t
r e s e a r c h i n c l u d e s biological s i g n a l p r o c e s s i n g , q u a n t i t a t i v e C T , N M R
imaging and spectroscopy, urodynamics and neurophysiology. T h e r e
are currently seven professors and t w e n t y graduate students.
A p p l i c a n t s a r e s o u g h t f o r t h e p o s i t i o n of P r o f e s s o r a n d C h a i r of t h e
D e p a r t m e n t . A p p l i c a n t s m u s t be well e s t a b l i s h e d in b i o m e d i c a l
r e s e a r c h of a p e r t i n e n t n a t u r e , a n d h a v e s o m e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e
e x p e r i e n c e . T h e a p p o i n t e e will be e x p e c t e d t o a u g m e n t t h e r e s e a r c h of
t h e D e p a r t m e n t , a n d h e l p e x p a n d its g r a d u a t e p r o g r a m a n d r o l e in t h e
faculty and university.
T h i s a p p o i n t m e n t will be a t t h e r a n k of full P r o f e s s o r w i t h s a l a r y
c o m m e n s u r a t e with qualifications and experience.
A p p l i c a n t s s h o u l d r e p l y by F e b r u a r y 12, 1 9 9 0 e n c l o s i n g a C u r r i c u l u m
V i t a e a n d t h e n a m e s of t h r e e r e f e r e e s to:
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF CALGARY
Dr. D o u g l a s R. W i l s o n , D e a n , Faculty of M e d i c i n e
U n i v e r s i t y of Alberta
2J2.00 W . C . M a c k e n z i e H e a l t h S c i e n c e s C e n t r e
E d m o n t o n , Alberta T 6 G 2 R 7
The
University
of Alberta
is committed
to the principle
of equity
in
employment.
DEPARTEMENT DE PHYSIQUE
The University of Western Ontario
UNIVERSITÉ D'OTTAWA
Applications are invited for a faculty position (possibly
tenure-track) at the level of Assistant Professor in experimental physics. The successful candidate will be expected
to develop a vigorous and creative program of research
into the formation, structure and properties of surfaces
and interfaces. Candidates should have a Ph.D. and some
post-doctoral experience, and a c o m m i t m e n t to and aptitude for teaching undergraduate and graduate courses.
A strong preference will be given to candidates with
demonstrated expertise in the physics of atomic collisions.
Facilities available include 2.5MV Van de Craaff and 1.7MV
Tandetron accelerators, variable energy positron beams,
LEED, SIMS, AES, XPS and the Canadian Synchrotron
Radiation Facility (2 beamlines) at the 1 CeV ring, Madison,
Wisconsin. This appointment is f u n d e d initially by the
Ontario Centre for Materials Research.
Applicants should forward a c u r r i c u l u m vitae, list of publications, summary of research interests and the names
of at least 3 referees to: Dr. D.R. Moorcroft, Chairman,
Department of Physics, The University of Western Ontario,
London, Canada, N6A 3K7, by 31 January 1990.
Position is subject to budget approval. In accordance w i t h
Canadian Immigration requirements, this ad is directed
to Canadian Citizens and Permanent Residents of Canada.
The University of Western Ontario is an Equal O p p o r t u n i t y
Employer.
Le département de Physique de l'Université d'Ottawa vit
actuellement une période de croissance. Il annonce trois
postes de professeur adjoint qui s'ouvrent à partir du 1 er
juillet 1990, dont un peut mener à la permanence, et les
deux autres sont de terme limité d'un an mais pourraient
devenir des postes permanents. Ces nominations se feront
en fonction de la situation budgétaire. Nous cherchons
des candidats capables d'établir ou de collaborer à un
programme de recherche de haut calibre en physique de
la matière condensée. La charge d'enseignement sera de
trois demi-cours de physique en français dès la première
année scolaire.
Les candidats sont invités à soumettre leur c u r r i c u l u m
vitae, les noms et adresses de trois répondants, ainsi que
des tirés à part de leurs deux meilleurs articles avant le
1 er avril 1990 à :
Robert C. Smith, directeur
Département de Physique
l'Université d'Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
K1N 6N5
L'Université d'Ottawa, une institution bilingue, a une politique d'égalité en matière d'emploi. En confirmité avec
les exigences de l'immigration canadienne, cette annonce
s'adresse aux citoyen(ne)s canadien(ne)s et aux résident(e)s
permanent(e)s.
UNIVERSITY OF W I N N I P E G
UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES
Post-doctoral or Research Associate Position
Semiconductor Physics or
Positron Annihilation
CAVE HILL CAMPUS
The Positron Group at the University of Winnipeg invites
applications for a post-doctoral fellowship or a research
associateship. The main research interest is presently
centred on defect characterization in semiconductors by
means of positron lifetime and Doppler broadening measurements. Applicants do not necessarily have to possess
a background in both positron annihilation and semiconductor physics.
The salary will be in the $22,000 to $27,000 range depending
on qualifications and the initial appointment can commence immediately. The appointment can be renewed
annually.
Applications, including curriculum vitae, list of publications and the names of three referees should be sent to:
Dr. S. Dannefaer
University of Winnipeg
Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada R3B 2E9
In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements
preference will be given to Canadian citizens and permanent residents of Canada.
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN
FACULTY POSITION
IN PHYSICS
Applications are invited for a tenure track appointment at the Assistant Professor rank, effective July
1, 1990. Candidates should hold a Ph.D. degree or
equivalent. Preference will be given to candidates
w i t h interests and some research experience in the
areas of A t m o s p h e r i c a n d Space Physics, or
Theoretical Physics. The successful candidate w o u l d
w o r k with faculty members having well established
research programs. A keen interest in the teaching
of physics/astronomy is highly desirable. The position
is subject to budgetary confirmation.
Applications w i t h curriculum vitae and the names
of three referees should be sent before May 31, 1990
t o Head, D e p a r t m e n t of Physics, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
S7N 0W0.
In accordance with Canadian immigration regulations, priority will be given to Canadian citizens and
permanent residents of Canada.
Applications are invited for the post of Senior Lecturer/
Lecturer in Physics at the Cave Hill Campus of the
University of the West Indies, Barbados. Applicants
should have a postgraduate degree in Physics or
Electronics and should be qualified to teach Electronics,
with emphasis on computer technology, at least to final
year B.Sc. (General) level. He or she should possess a
strong record of achievement in, orshowgreat potential
for, effective teaching and original research. The
successful applicant will be expected to assume duties
not later than August 1,1990. SALARY SCALES: SENIOR
LECTURER: BDS$54,840 x 1776 - 65,496 x 1920 - 71,256
(Bar) x 1920 - 75,096 p.a. LECTURER: BDS$41,316 x 1776
- 51,972 (Bar) x 1776 - 62,628 p.a. Passages and baggage
allowance on appointment; housing; FSSU; annual
Study and Travel Grant; annual Book Grant. Detailed
applications (three copies) giving full particulars of
qualifications and experience, date of birth, marital
status and the names and addresses of three referees
should be sent as soon as possible to the CAMPUS
REGISTRAR, UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES,
P.O. BOX 64, BRIDGETOWN, BARBADOS. The University will send further particulars for this post to all
applicants.
SASKATCHEWAN
FACULTY POSITION
Applications are invited for a tenure track appointment at the Assistant or Associate Professor
rank, effective July 1, 1990 or sooner. The level
of appointment will depend on qualifications
and experience. Duties include undergraduate
and graduate teaching and research responsibilities at the Saskatchewan Accelerator
Laboratory. Candidates should hold a Ph.D.
degree or equivalent and have experience in
intermediate energy nuclear physics research
using accelerators. Applications with curriculum
vitae and the names of at least three referees
should be sent before May 31, 1990 to:
Chairman,
Department of Physics,
University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
S7N 0W0.
FACULTY POSITIONS
The Physics Department invites applications for tenure-track
positions at the Assistant Professor level. It is expected that
up t o three positions will be filled in the next year. The
prime objective of the Department is t o augment its research
strength in t h e areas of experimental elementary particle
and experimental
condensed matter physics. However, exceptional candidates in any field of physics are encouraged
to apply. Candidates should have a Ph.D. degree or equivalent, some postdoctoral experience, a g o o d research record
and an aptitude for undergraduate and graduate teaching.
The appointments are subject t o final budgetary approval.
The University of British C o l u m b i a is c o m m i t t e d t o the
Federal Government's e m p l o y m e n t equity program and
encourages applications f r o m all qualified individuals. In
accordance w i t h Canadian immigration requirements, this
advertisement is directed t o Canadian citizens or permanent
residents of Canada. Applicants should submit a c u r r i c u l u m
vitae and a statement of current research interests and future
plans. They should also arrange t o have three letters of
reference sent directly to:
Prof. B.C. Turrell
Head, Dept. of Physics
THE UNIVERSITY O F BRITISH C O L U M B I A
6 2 2 4 Agriculture Road
Vancouver, B.C.
V6T 2A6
Canada
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE IN
PLASMA PHYSICS
University of Saskatchewan
Applications are invited for a research associate
position in the Plasma Physics Laboratory, University
of Saskatchewan. The selected applicant will play a
leading role in experiments on the STOR-1M and
STOR-M tokamaks; the main objectives are to study
plasma heating, its effects o n the plasma confinement, and high-/? behaviour. Salary commensurate
with experience. Send curriculum vitae, including
a list of publications and names of three references
to:
Drs. A. Hirose and H.M. Skarsgard
Physics Department
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 0W0, Canada
In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements, this advertisement is directed to Canadian
citizens and permanent residents; however, applications from all outstanding candidates will be
considered.
The deadline for receipt of applications is March 15th, 1990.
RESEARCH ASSOCIATES O R
TRIUMF
POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS
MESON RESEARCH FACILITY
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY
Applications are invited for t w o Research Associate
or Postdoctoral Fellow positions associated with the
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) Project. This
project will use 1000 tonnes of heavy water in a
Cerenkov detector, sited in the Creighton mine near
Sudbury, Ontario to observe, with high sensitivity,
neutrinos from the sun and supernovae. Applicants
will participate in the research activities of the
Queen's SNO group, the development of electronics,
photomultiplier tube systems, computer simulation
and data acquisition, calibration, water purification
and monitoring of low level radioactivity. Salary and
position dependent upon qualifications. In accordance with Canadian Immigration requirements, this
advertisement for Research Associates is directed to
Canadian citizens and permanent residents. Please
apply, enclosing a curriculum vitae and the names
of three referees to. Professor A.B. McDonald, Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario,
Canada K7L 3N6.
RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
University of Alberta
Nuclear Research Centre
Dept. of Physics
The Subatomic Physics group at the University of Alberta has three openings for
experimental and theoretical Research Associates. The group s interests include
rare kaon decay tests of the Standard Model at Brookhaven, the spin structure
function of the nucléon at HERA, parity violation and charge symmetry breaking
at TRIUMF, elastic and inelastic NN scattering at TRIUMF, and photonuclear studies
at the Saskatoon CW electron accelerator.
Of the successful candidates who have received their Ph.D. degrees in physics
within the last two years, two experimentalists and one theorist will be appointed.
The successful applicants will be expected to make major contributions to the projects
in which they choose to participate, and will be based accordingly at either Edmonton
or Vancouver. Salary will be commensurate with experience
Candidates should send their résumé and three letters of reference as soon as
possible to: Research Associate Search Committee, Nuclear Research Centre,
The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA T6G 2N5.
The deadline for receipt of applications is April 1, 1990 and the positions will
be filled as soon as possible thereafter.
We offer equal employment opportunities to qualified male and female applicants.
In accordance with Canadian Immigration requirements this advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens and permanent
residents.
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS
MPB Technologies Inc. is seeking candidates to nominate for
Natural Science and Egnineering Council of Canada Industrial
Research Fellowships.
Meeting All Your CAMAC/FASTBUS
Needs For Laboratory
Automation
The Fellowships will normally be tenable in the Laboratories of
MPB Technologies Inc. located at Dorval, Q u e b e c or Ottawa,
Ontario.
Projects in which successful candidates may be involved include:
Electromagnetics and Millimeter Waves
Lasers and Laser Applications
Electro-optics and Acousto-optics
Plasma, Fusion and Space Technology
Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence
Robototics
Salaries and other benefits are the same as for permanent staff
of equivalent experience.
Interested recent graduates, individuals currently completing
postdoctorate fellowships, or candidates w h o will graduate in the
near future with a background in physics, electrical engineering
or computer science and w h o are Canadian citizens or landed
immigrants are invited to write or call:
Dr. M.P. Bachynski
MPB Technologies Inc.
1725 North Service Road
Trans-Canada Highway
Dorval, Quebec
CANADA, H9P 1J1
Telephone: (514) 683-1490
Fax:
(514)683-1727
POSTDOCTORAL
POSITIONS
Condensed Matter Theory
Simon Fraser University
...
FOR YOUR
DATA ACQUISITION
One or two Postdoctoral positions in the
condensed matter theory group may become available in the summer or fall of
1990. Our recent interests have included
the static and dynamic properties of surfaces and interfaces, wetting and surfactants, lipid bilayers, vesicles and vesicle
shapes, theory of inhomogeneous liquids,
random surfaces and crumpling. Applicants
should send a résumé including publication list and names of three referees to:
Whether you want a complete data acquisition and control
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M. Plischke or M. Wortis,
Physics Department,
Simon Fraser University,
Burnaby, B.C.,
V5A 1S6.
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Physics in Canada La Physique au Canada

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