Introduction

Transcription

Introduction

Figure 0.1
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. J. Tomas – chair for Mechanical Process Engineering
Summer semester 2013
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. J. Tomas, 10-237, phone: 18 783, [email protected]
Block Course "Efficient Product Characterization and Processing of Pharmaceutical Particulate Solids"
Handouts:
0.
1.
2.
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
5.
5.1
5.2
6.
6.1
6.2
7.
7.1
7.2
http://www.mvt.ovgu.de/mvt/en/Lectures/Lecture+PPPS.html, chapters 0 – 7: *.pdf
Introduction
Tasks and problems of silo or bunker plants (“Diagnosis”)
Design steps of silo plant equipment (“Therapy”)
Introduction into mechanics of cohesive particulate solids
Microscopic particle bonds and resulting adhesion forces
Contact mechanics of adhesive particles
Particle interaction test methods
Micro-macro transition of contact forces and bulk stresses in a particle packing
Macroscopic biaxial stress state, powder flow criteria
Product characterization test equipment and shear testing techniques
Flow and consolidation functions of cohesive particulate solids
Compression functions and shear work
Consolidation functions for hopper design
Permeation and fluidisation behaviour
Silo and hopper design for reliable flow of cohesive powders
Hopper mass flow design to avoid bridging
Hopper funnel flow design to avoid channelling
Hopper discharge rates
Silo filling and level control devices
Hopper locks and valves
Standard silos
Silo and hopper pressure calculations
Shaft and hopper pressures
Wall thickness
Design and selection of flow promotion devices
Flow additives
Flow promotion devices
Design and selection of discharge devices
Design for reliable flow
Pressures upon discharge devices and power consumption
Literature
Gotoh, K.
Israelachvili, J.N.
Johnson, K.L.
McGlinchey, D. (Ed.)
Powder Technology Handbook
Intermolecular and surface forces
Contact Mechanics
Bulk Solids Handling: Equipment Selection
and Operation
Molerus, O.
Principles of Flow in Disperse Systems
Nedderman, R.M.
Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials
Perry, R.H., Green, D.W. Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook
Schulze, D.
Powders and Bulk Solids: Behaviour,
Characterization and Flow
Marcel Dekker, New York
Academic Press London
Cambridge University Press
Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
1997
1992
1985
2008
Chapman & Hall, London
Cambridge University Press
McGraw-Hill, New York
Springer, Berlin
1993
1992
1999
2008
Fig_PC&P_0 Lecture Product Characterization and Processing of Pharmaceutical Particulate Solids, Introduction, Jürgen Tomas 21.05.2013
Figure 0.2
Room:
Building 10, room 219
Handouts:
http://www.mvt.ovgu.de/mvt/en/Lectures/Lecture+PPPS.html, lecture manuscript (figures) chapters 0 - 7: *.pdf, , tutorials, additional (advanced) papers.
date
Tue. 21.5.
Wed. 22.5.
time L/T
9:15 -10:45 L
11:15 -12:45 L
14:15 -15:45 L
16:15 -17:15 E
Thu. 23.5.
Fri. 24.5.
9:15 - 10:45
11:15 -12:45
14:15- 15:45
16:15 -17:15
L
L
T
E
9:15 -10:45 L
11:15 -12:45 L
14:15 -15:15 E
Sat. 25.5. 10:00 -16:00
Sun. 26.5.
Mon. 27.5.
9:15 - 10:45 L
11:15 -12:45 E
14:15 -15:45
Tue. 28.5. 9:15 - 10.45
11:15 -12:45
14:15 -15:45
Wed. 29.5. 9:15 - 10:45
L
T
T
L
L
11:15 -12:45
14:15 -15:45
Thu. 30.5. 9:15 - 10.45
11:15 -12:45
14:15 -15.45
16:00
Fri. 31.5.
L
T
L
T
L
content
Arrival
Welcome, introduction, Tasks and problems of silo
or bunker plants
Design steps of silo plant equipment
Introduction into mechanics of cohesive particulate solids
Demonstration: granulometry (particle size, surface and density measurements)
Microscopic particle bonds and adhesion forces
Particle adhesion forces and contact mechanics
Contact mechanics and testing techniques
Demonstration: miniplant for particle precipitation
and product formulation
Macroscopic biaxial stress state in continua, powder flow criteria
Shear test equipment and testing techniques
Demonstration: shear testing techniques
Excursion either surroundigs: waterway junction,
salina (Bad Salzelmen)
or city: cathedral, green citadel
free
Compression, permeation and fluidisation
behaviour of cohesive powders
Demonstration: Compression, permeation and
fluidisation behaviour of cohesive powders
Silo and hopper design for reliable flow
Hopper mass flow design to avoid bridging
Hopper funnel flow design to avoid channelling
Hopper discharge rates
Silo auxilliary equipment (level control, locks,
valves etc.)
Design and selection of flow promotion devices
Flow additives and flow promotion devices
Design and selection of discharge devices
Farewell of participants
Departure
responsible
Tomas
Tomas
Tomas
Hintz
Tomas
Tomas
Mader-Arndt
Kutelova
Tomas
Tomas
Mader-Arndt
Mader-Arndt
Tomas
Ebenau
Tomas
Schwenke
Schwenke
Tomas
Tomas
Tomas
Kleinschmidt
Tomas
Kleinschmidt
Tomas
Tomas
L lecture, T tutorial/exercise, E lab exercise/test demonstration
Figure 0.3
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. J. Tomas, 10-237, phone: 18783, [email protected]
More literature to „Product Characterisation and Processing of Pharmaceutical Particulate Solids“:
Editor
Title
Publishers
Year
Buhrke, H., Kecke, Strömungsförderer
F. Vieweg Verlag, Braun1989
H.J., Richter, H.
schweig
Hampe, E.
Silos, Bd I Grundlagen
Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin
1987
Hesse, St.,
Handhabetechnik
Dr. Alfred Hüthig Verlag,
1989
Mittag, G.
Heidelberg
Academic Press London
1992
Israelachvili, J.N. Intermolecular and surface forces
Jenike, A. W.
Gravity flow of bulk solids
Eng. Exp. Station Bull. No.
1961
108, Univ. Utah
Eng. Exp. Station Bull. No.
1964
Jenike, A. W.
Storage and flow bulk of solids
123, Univ. Utah
Johnson, K.L.
Contact Mechanics
Cambridge University Press 1985
Kvapil, R.
Schüttgutbewegungen in Bunkern
Verlag Technik, Berlin
1959
Martens, P.
Ernst & Sohn, Berlin
1988
Silo – Handbuch
Molerus, O.
Principles of Flow in Disperse Systems
Chapman & Hall, London
1993
Molerus, O.
Schüttgutmechanik - Grundlagen und Anwendun- Springer Verlag, Berlin - New 1985
gen in der Verfahrenstechnik
York – Tokio
Pahl, M. H., Ernst, Lagern, Fördern und Dosieren von Schüttgütern
Verl. TÜV Rheinland Köln /
1993
R., Wilms, H.
Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
Pajer, G.
Fördertechnik, Bd III Stetigförderer
Verlag Technik, Berlin
1983
Reimbert, A. u. M. Silos - Berechnung, Betrieb und Ausführung
Bauverlag, Wiesbaden, Berlin 1975
Reisner, W., v. Ei- Silos und Bunker für die Schüttgutspeicherung Trans. Tech. Publications,
1971
senhardt-Rothe, M. Konstruktion und Verfahrensablauf
Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Scheffler, M.
Fördermittel und ihre Anwendung für Transport,
Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig
1980
Umschlag und Lagerung
Schubert, H. (Ed.) Handbuch der Mechanischen VerfahrenstechWiley-VCH Verlag, Wein2003
nik
heim
Schubert, H.
Aufbereitung fester mineralischer Rohstoffe, Bd.
Deutscher Verlag für Grund- 1984
III
stoffindustrie, Leipzig
Schulze, D.
Powders and Bulk Solids: Behaviour, CharacSpringer Berlin
2008
terization and Flow
Schwedes, J.
Fließverhalten von Schüttgütern in Bunkern
Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
1970
Tomas, J.
Habilitation, Bergakademie
1991
Modellierung des Fließverhaltens von SchüttFreiberg
gütern auf der Grundlage der Wechselwirkungskräfte zwischen den Partikeln und Anwendung bei der Auslegung von Bunkeranlagen
Vetter, G.
Handbuch Dosieren
Vulkan-Verlag, Essen
1994
McGlinchey, D.
Bulk Solids Handling: Equipment Selection and Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2008
(Ed.)
Operation
Journals:
Aufbereitungs-Technik
Bulk Solids Handling
Chemical Engineering Science
Particulate Science & Technology
Powder Handling & Processing
Powder Technology
Schüttgut
Figure 0.4
Survey of block course “Efficient Product Characterization and Processing of Pharmaceutical
Particulate Solids” 3 SWS (4 CP)
Objectives (competences)
The students are introduced into the fundamentals of physical product properties of cohesive, fine to
ultra-fine powders. As the consequence, they should learn how to handle cohesive powders and to
prevent flow problems by an improved apparatus and plant design for reliable flow and safe structure. Practical design examples are shown with respect to the trouble-free storage, conveying, transporttation and dosing.
Prerequisite:
Mechanical process engineering, Mechanics, Physico-Chemistry
Content:
• introduction, tasks, goals , problems
• processing plant, general tasks
• safety and environmental relevant apparatus and plant design performance, practical problems
• general apparatus and plant design method, engineering experiences
• fundamentals, flow characteristics of particulate solids as essential physical product properties
• Microproperties: force-displacement behaviours of elastic, elastic-plastic, viscoplastic nanoparticle
contacts with load-unload hysteresis and energy dissipation
• adhesion forces between fine to ultra-fine particles and their testing methods
• particle contact consolidation microprocesses (crystallisation, chem. reactions, sintering)
• Macroproperties: elastic, plastic behaviours of cohesive powders, time consolidation
• flow parameters of cohesive powders and their testing methods
• powder compressibility, compression and shear work
• apparatus design for reliable flow and safe structure
• silo design
• feeder design
• design examples and their practical performance
• demonstration of lab-equipment to investigate powder processing and handling characteristics
Workload:
Lectures, tutorials, lab exercises 44 h, privat studies 28 h
Examination/Credits:
Oral examination, 4 CP
Responsible lecturer:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Jürgen Tomas, www.mvt.ovgu.de
Script/literature:
[1] Manuscript with figures and tutorials, http://www.mvt.ovgu.de/mvt/en/Lectures/Lecture+PPPS.html
[2] Schulze, D., Powders and Bulk Solids Behavior, Characterization, Storage and Flow, Springer
Berlin 2008
[3] Israelachvili, Intermolecular and surface forces, Academic Press London, 1992
Figure 0.5
Topics of Oral Examination "Storage and Flow of Particulate Solids"
No. Topics and content
1
Purpose and tasks of material storage units; Funnel and mass flow, advantages, disadvantages,
resulting problems of silo or bunker plant; Design steps of silo or bunker equipment
2
Particle contact mechanics, elastic, plastic, elastic-plastic and viscoplastic constititive laws of particle
contact deformations (explain typical force-displacement diagrams)
3
Adhesion forces, particle contact forces and fundamental physical material parameters or functions;
kinetics of solid bridge bonds, physical material parameters
4
Stress states, powder elasticity-plastcity-viscosity, constitutive models, yield loci and flow parameters;
shear force - displacement diagram, incipient consolidation, yield and steady-state flow, linear equations of yield loci, diagram sketches necessary; physicals basics of cohesion
5
Operation principles of testing equipment (shear cells …), shear testing techniques and shear cell data
evaluation of yield loci, time yield loci (explain physical basics), wall friction tests
6
Powder elasticity, derivation of compression functions of particulate solids; Compression and preshear
work, specific power consumption
7
Yield loci and consolidation functions for hopper design; hopper design methods for mass and funnel
flow; advantages, disadvantages of conical and wedge-shaped hoppers
8
Qualitative pressure curves in shaft and hopper; derive the differential equation of silo pressures in a
vertical shaft, consequences of radial stress field in a convergent hopper
9
Critical mechanical stressing of silo walls; reinforcement of concrete; buckling stresses of sheet metals
and their wall thickness
10 Priciples of flow promotion devices, flow additives, survey and design for flow; recommendations for
application with respect to ultrafine, compressible, cohesive and impermeable powders (very
problematic and poor handling), ensuring trouble-free discharge
11 Principles of discharge devices, survey and design for flow; vertical pressures in hoppers and power
consumption of discharge devices; recommendations for application with respect to ultrafine,
compressible, cohesive and impermeable powders (very problematic and poor handling), adaption to
mass flow

Introduction

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