Rcgistcrcd Oftlee Editoriul O(ficcs Ulmzry oj"Congrcss - H-Soz-Kult

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This edition first published 2015
2015 John Wiley & Slms, Ltd
Rcgistcrcd Oftlee
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Volume I
of Entrics
List of I!lustmtions
Ust
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Abbrcviations and B
Ulmzry oj"Congrcss Cutuloging-in-l'u/J/iUition Duta
Clmmology
The encyclopedia of thc Roman army I gcneral cditor, Yann Lc Bohcc: associate editors,
Cimanni Krizzi ... [l't al.]
J'vlap
p.
Notcs on Contributo
Prcji<cc and Acknow
Clll.
Includcs bibliographical references and index.
ISBI\' 978-1-4051-7619-4 (hbk.: alk. paper) I. Romc-Army-Encyclopedias.
and science-Rome-Encyclopedias. 3. Romc-History, lvlilitary- l'ncyclopedias.
II. Krizzi, Ciovanni, 1946U..\S.E53 201..\
..\55.00937'03-dc23
20120..\1786
A-Eas
2. Militaryart
I. Bohcc, Yann Lc.
Volume II
Eas-Pol
1\ cataloguc rccord l(lf this book is availahle from the British l.ibrary.
Thumbnail covcr imagcs, clock\\"isc from top leti: Roman relicf of officcrs and soldicrs of the l'raetorian
Cuard, 2nd ccntury AD, The ,.\rt Archive I Musee du l.ouvre Paris I Cianni Dagli Orti; dctail ofhattle
bct\\"ccn Romans aml Ostrogoths, l.udovisi sarcophagus, '' 1 DcAgostini I SuperStock; relicf from sarcophagus,
170 AD, '' Tristem l.afranchis I akg-imagcs; dctail of Practorian Cuard, r,, DeAgostini I SuperStock
Coverdesign by C:van Design
Set in 'J.SI II.Spt !\linion by SPi Publishcr Sen ices, Pondichcrry, lndia
l'rintcd and bound in Singapore hy .~Iarkono Print !vlcdia l'tc I.td
Volume 111
Pol-Z
Index
2015
.............................
Contents
l9-8SQ, UK
m about how to apply
at www.wilcy.com/
·atrcx, Horis Rankov,
ork has been assertcd
·ieval systcm, or
·ecording or othcrwise,
the priorpennissinn of
Volume I
t appcars in print may
scd their best cfforts in
accur~ll')'
lC'
List oft'ntries
vi
List of Illustrations
xi
or
rrantics of
that thc puhlishn is not
ssistancc is required, thc
ditors,
Notcs on Contributors
Prcjäcc mzd ;\cknowlcdgments
xvi
XXXIX
Abbrcviations arzd Bibliogmplzy
xli
Clzronology
lvii
Map
lxi
A-Eas
l-350
2. ,\lilitan arl
I. Bohcc, Yann l.e.
Volume II
Eas-Pol
of thc Practori,m
Or·ti; dctail ofhattk
:; rdief from sarcophagm,
ti / SuperStuck
TS
351-762
Volume 111
Pol-Z
763-1123
Index
1124
List of Entries
Caerleon
Caesar
Camels: Laie Empire
Camp
Camp Security: Rept
Camp Security: Prin<
Camp Security: Late
campus
A.cti um
Administration: Republic
Administration: Principate
Administration: Late
Empire
Adrianople
Aerial Photography
Africa
African Auxiliaries
ogcus, agcutcs in rcbus
Agricola
,-\]amanni: Principate
ALlman ni: Late Empire
Alani: Principate
Alani: Late Empire
Albano
:\lesia
Allies: Republic
A !lies: Principate
Allics: Late Empire
Altrip
Ambush: Republic
Ambush: Principatc
/1.mbush: Late Empire
Ami da
Amphibiom \\'arL1re
Antonine Wall
Arabia
Arabs
:\rch o( C:onstantine
Arch of Orange
Archers, sagittorii: Republic
Archers, sagittari i:
Principate
Archers, sagittorii: Laie
Empire
Armament of the Enemies
Armenia: Republic
Armenia: Principate
Armenia: Late Empire
Army as a Totalinstitution
Army Constructions:
Principate
Anny Constructions: Late
Empire
Augustus's Army
Augustus's \ \'ars
Avars
Axes
/Jagm/(ioc
Raggage Train: Republic
Haggage Train: Principate
Haggage Train: Late Empire
Bandits: Principate
Bandits: Late Lmpire
Barbarization
Barracks
Batavi: Principate
Batavi: Late Empire
Bathhouse
Baltle in Open Country:
Repuhlic
Battle in Open Country:
Principate
Battle in Open Country:
Late Empire
Battle in Towns: Republic
Battle in Towns: Principate
Battle in Towns: Late
Empire
/Jc/lum iustum
Bclt, ciugu/um
Biological and C:hem ical
\ Varbre
Hlack Sea
Body Armor
/JOIIII mstrcusia
Bonn
Booty: Republic
Booty: Principate
Booty: Late Empire
Bostra
Houdiccan Re\·olt
Bow
Brigetio Tablet
Bri tai n
Britain: Late Empire
Hritons: Principate
lmccl/arii, /Jucccl/orii
Cannae
Cappadocia
Caracalla
Carausius
Careers: Republic
Careers: Principate
Careers: Late Empire
Carnu ntum
Catapult
Caucasian Countries
C:avalry: Republic
C:avalry: Principate
Cavalry: Late Empire
C:elts: Republic
C:elts: Principate and
Empire
C:emetery, iV!ilitary
C:eremonies, Military
Republic
Ceremonies, l\!ilitary
Principate
Ceremonies, N!ilitaq
Empire
Christians: Principat1
Ch ristians: Late Emp
Cisalpine Gauls
Civil Wars: Republic
Civil \\'ars: Principat'
Civil Wars: Late Emp
Civilian Settlements
Ci\ilians: Republic
C1vilians: Principate
Civilians: Late Empir
Claudius
Cloth es
Cohorts of \'igi/es
Colchester
Colleges, 1\lilitary
Column of l\larcus
Aurelius
LIST 0 F E NT RIES
Caerleon
Caesar
Camels: Late Empire
Camp
Camp Security: Republic
Camp Security: Principate
Camp Security: Late Empire
.!SC
1 Open
Country:
blic
1 Open Country:
ipate
1 Open Country:
'JllpllT
1 Towns: Republic
1 Towns: Principate
1 Towns: Late
re
ustwn
gulum
·al and Chemical
tre
cmor
>trcnsill
(epublic
lrincipate
,ate Empire
an Re,·olt
Tablet
Late Empire
Principatc
i, /)l{cccllllrii
comcs, comitcs: Republic and
Principate
comcs, comitcs: Late Empire
comitatc nscs
Constantine I
Constantinople: The Defenses
C:onstantius TI
campus
corvus
Cannae
Cappadocia
Caracalla
Carausius
Careers: Republic
Careers: Principate
C:areers: Late Empire
Carnuntum
Catapult
C:aucasian Countries
Cavalry: Repuhlic
C:avalry: Principate
Cavalry: Late Empire
Celts: Republic
C:elts: Principate and Late
Empire
Cemetery, Military
Ceremonies, Military:
Repuhlic
Ceremonies, Military:
Principate
Ceremonies, ivlilitary: Late
Empire
Christians: Principate
Christians: Late Empire
Cisalpine Gauls
Civil vVars: Republic
Civil \\'ars: Principate
Civil \1\'ars: Late Empire
Civilian Settlements
Civilians: Repuhlic
Civilians: Principate
Civilians: Late Empire
Claudius
Cloth es
Cohorts of vigiles
Colchester
Colleges, I\, I ilitary
Column of i\larcus
Aurclius
Counterinsurgency: Republic
Counteri nsurgency:
Principate
Counterinsurgency: Late
Empire
vi i
Dionysias
Diplomacy: Republic
Diplomacy: Principate
Diplomacy: Late Empire
Discharge, missio
Discipline: Republic
Discipline: Principate
Discipline: Late Empire
Diseases
domcstici
donativa and libcralitatcs:
Principate
donativa and lihcralitatcs:
Late Empire
Dacian Wars
Dagger
Danubian Provinces
Danubian Soldicrs
lkath in Battle: Republic
lkath in Battle: Principate
Death in Battle: Late Empire
Decisive Battle
dcditio
Defenses
Defensive and Offensive
vVars, Strategies of:
Repuhlic
Defensive and Offensive Wars,
Strategies of: Principate
Defensive and Offensive
vVars, Strategies of: l.ate
Empire
Demography and Army:
Republic
Principate
Late Empire
lkpictions, Military
dcscrtor, proditor, and
trmzsfiiga: Repuhlic
I mnsfuga: Principate
tmnsji1ga: Late Empire
Deutz
Dict
Diocletian
ducatus
Dura-Europos
Lastern Auxiliaries:
Republic
Lastern Auxiliaries:
Principate
Eastern Auxiliaries: I.ate
Empire
Economic \\'arfare: Republic
Economic \\'arL1re: Principate
Economic \\'arL1re: I.ate
Frnpire
Economy and the Army:
Republic
Principate
Late Fmpire
Edessa
Egypt
Eleous
Engineering Works
Epigraphy: Principate
Epigraphy: Late Empire
Equids
Equine Equipment
cquitcs singularcs 1\ugusti
Ethics
Etruscans, Anny of the
cxcubitor: Late Empire
ji7/1rica
Face of Battle for Civilians
viii
LIST Of ENTRIES
Face of Battle for Soldiers
Field Officers: Republic
field Officers: Principate
Field Otlicers: Late Empire
Flavians and the Army
j(Jederati
Fortified Farm
fossa
Franks: Principate
Franks: Late Empire
Iatrus
Iberian Peninsula
Iberians as Enemies
Iberians: Republic
imperator: Principate
imperator: Late Empire
Imperial C:ult: Principate
Imperial Cult: Late
Empire
Imperialism
impcrium
Gaetuli
Gallic VVar
Gallienus
General: Republic
General: Principate
General: Late Empire
gentiles
Germans: Republic
Germans: Principate
Germans: Late Empire
Germany
glandcs
Glory
Gloucester
Goths: Principate
Goths: Late Empire
Greeks
Guerrilla Warfare: Republic
Guerrilla V\'art~1re: Principate
Guerrilla Warfare: Late
Empire
I !adrian and the Army
Hadrian's Wall
Haltern
Hannibal
Headquarters
Helmet
Heraclius
Ilispani: Republic
llispani: Principate
Historians: Republic
Historians: Principate
Historians: Late Empire
Honorary Titles
I lospital, l'aletudinarium
lwspitalitas
lluns
Implements
Inchtuthil
Infantry: Republic
Infantry: Principate
Infantry: Late Empire
Instruments of vigiles
lntelligence: Republic
Intelligence: Principate
Intelligence: Late Empire
Irish
Isaurians
Italians: Republic
Italians: Principate
Italians: Late Empire
Italians as Enemies of
Rome: Republic
Italy
ius bcl/i
ius militarc, Military Law
Jewish Wars: Republic
)ewish VVars: Principate
)udaea
Jugurthine War
)ulian
)ustice, Military
)ustinian
Kalkriese
Khusro I
Khusro TI
lacti
I ,ambese, Lambaesis
Landing
Languages: Principate
Languages: Late Empire
Latins and Romans
Law Codes
Lejjun
Limes
limitanci
Literacy: Republic
Literacy: Principate
Literacy: Late Empire
litus Saxonicum
Local Militias: Principate
Local Militias: Late Empire
Logistics: Republic
Logistics: Principate
Logistics: Late Empire
Luxor
Lyon (Lugudunum), Battle of
Macedonian \\'ars
Marcomanni
Marcomannic VVars
Marcus Aurelius
Marius
Marriage
Masada
Mauretania
Maximinus Thrax
Medical Service: Principate
Medical Service: Late Empire
Mercenaries: Republic
Mercenaries: Late Empire
Mesopotamia
mi/es: Republic
milcs: Principate
miles: Late Empire
Ivl ilitary Foot wear
Military History, Roman:
Modern
!'vlilitary Life: Republic
J'vlilitary Life: Principate
Military Life: Late Empire
militiac equestrcs
Mirebeau
I\loors, Mauri: Principate
Moors, Mauri: Late Empire
Morale: Republic
Morale: Principate
Morale: Late Empire
Music: Republic
Ivlusic: Principate
Music: Late Empire
Naval Base
Navy
Nero
Neuss
Nijmegen
Non -Commissione'
Officers, NCOs: l
Non-Commissione1
NCOs: Principatt
Non -Commissione1
NCOs: Late Emp
Notitia Dignitatum
Novae
Numantia
Numidae: Republic
Numidae: Principat
Numismatics: Repu
Numismatics: Princ
Numismatics: Late l
Oath: Republic
Oath: Principate
Oath: Late Empire
Oberaden
Order of March: Re1
Order of March: Pri
Order of March: Lat
ordo
Origins ofthe Rom<
ostraka
Palaestina, Syria Pa!
palatini
Palmyra
Papyrology, Papyrm
Principate
Papyrology, Papyrus
Empire
Parade, dccursio: Re1
Parade, dccursio: Pri
Parade, decursio: Lat
Parthian \Vars: Rept
Parthian \V'ars: Prim
patria: Principate
patria: Late Empire
Pax Romana: Repub
Pax Romana: Princi)
Pay and Income: Re)
Pay and Income: Pri
LIST OF ENTRIES
)des
ei
y: Republic
y: Principate
y: Late Empire
rxonicum
v1 ilitias: Principate
vlilitias: Late Empire
es: Republic
es: Principate
es: Late Empire
c,ugudunum), Battle of
onian \'\i'ars
manni
mannie \Vars
s Aurelius
ge
:ania
inus Thrax
ll Service: Principate
ll Service: Late Empire
1aries: Republic
1aries: Late Empire
otamia
{epublic
Jrincipate
"ate Empire
y Footwear
y History, Roman:
lern
y Life: Republic
y Lifc: Principate
y Life: Late Empire
?
cqucstrcs
'Clll
l\lauri: Principate
Mauri: Llle Empire
: Rcpublic
: Principate
: Late Empire
Republic
Principatc
Late Empire
Naval Base
Navy
Nero
Neuss
Nijmegen
Non -Comm issioned
Officers, NC:Os: Republic
Non-Commissioned Officers,
NCOs: Principate
Non-Commissioned Officers,
NCOs: Late Empire
Notitia Dignitatum
Novae
Numantia
Numidae: Republic
Numidae: Principate
Numismatics: Republic
Numismatics: Principate
Numismatics: Late Empire
Oath: Republic
Oath: Principate
Oath: Late Empire
Oberaden
Order of March: Republic
Order of March: Principate
Order of March: Late Empire
ordo
Origins of the Roman Army
ostmka
Pay and Jncome: Late Empire
Persian Wars: Principate
Persüm Wars: Late Empire
Picti
pi/um
Piracy: Republic
Piracy: Principate
Piracy: Late Empire
plumbatae
Saalburg
Samnites
Sardinia
Sarmatae: Principate
Sarmatae: Late Empire
Saxons
postliminium
scholae palntinac
procurator
Psychological vVarfare
Punic \Vars
Pyrrhus
Qasr Bshir
Quadi: Principate
Quadi: Late Empire
Quarries
Palacstina, Syria Palaestina
palatini
Palmyra
Papyrology, Papyrus:
Principate
Papyrology, Papyrus: Late
Empire
Parade, decursio: Republic
Parade, decursio: Principate
Parade, dccursio: Late Empire
Parthian Wars: Republic
Parthian Wars: Principate
patria: Principate
patria: Late Empire
Pax Romana: Republic
Pax Romana: Principate
Pay and lncome: Republic
Pay and Jncome: Principate
Religions: Principate
Religions: Late Empire
Rewards: Republic
Rewards: Principate
Rewards: Late Empire
Road fortification
Rome
Police, Policing: Principate
Police, Policing: Late Empire
Politics: Republic
Politics: Principate
Politics: Late Empire
Praetorian Cohorts
Prisoner: Republic
Prisoner: Principate
Prisoner: Late Empire
prol}(ltio: Republic
probatio: Principate
probatio: Late Empire
Ravenna
Recruitment, Organization:
Republic
Principate
Late Empire
Recruitment, Social and
Geograph ical Aspects:
Republic
Geographical Aspects:
Principate
Geographical Aspects: Late
Empire
Religions: Repuhlic
ix
Scipio, Africanus I
scutarii, SC!Itati
Scythae: Principate
Scythae: Late Empire
Sea Battlc: Republic
Sea Battlc: Late Empire
Sea Power: Republic
Sea Power: Principate
Sea Power: Late Empire
Senatorial Provinces
Senior Otlicers: Republic
Senior Officers: Principate
Senior Officers: Late Empire
Septimius Severus
Servile \1\'ars
Severus Alexander
Shapur I
Shapur li
Shield
Siege Warbre: Republic
Siege vVarüue: Principate
Siege \\'art~ue: Late Empire
Signal, Signaling
Small \Var: Republic
Small \Var: Principate
Small War: Late Empire
Social War
Society and the Roman
Army: Republic
Army: Principate
Army: Late Empire
Spear
X
LIST OF ENTRIES
Speech, adlocutio: Republic
Speech, adlocutio: Principate
Speech, adlocutio: Late Empire
Split
Stables
Stamps
Standards
Stanegate, Vindolanda
statio, stotionarii: Principate
stotio, stationarii: Late Empire
Stilicho
Strasbourg, Argentorate:
Rattle of
strata Dioclctimw
Stratagem: Republic
Stratagem: Principate
Stratagem: Late Empire
Strategy: Republic
Strategy: Principale
Strategy: Late Empire
Suicide
Sulla, Sylla
Sword, gladius
Syria
Syrian \\'ars
Tacf~1ri nas
Tactics: Republic
Tactics: Principate
Tactics: Late Empire
tcstamcntum
Theodosius I
Tiberius
Training: Republic
Training: Principate
Training: Late Empire
Trajan
Trajan's Column
Transfers: Republic
Transfers: Principate
Transfers: Late Empire
Transmission of Orders:
Republic
Principate
Late Empire
trihuli
Triumph: Republic
Triumph: Principate
Trophy
Units: Republic
Units: Principate
Units in the Notitia
Dignitntum
Urban C:ohorts
Valens
Valentinian I
Vandals
Veterans: Republic
Veterans: Principate
Veterans: Late Empire
vcxillatio
viri rnilitarcs
\'\'aldgirmes
War Cry
\'\'ar Machines
\Vars of the First Republican
Period, 509-201 RCE
Wars of the Middle Republic,
201-133 BCE
Wars of the Late Republic,
133-31 BCE
Wars against Mithridates
\Vars of the Principate
Wars of the 3rd C:entury CE
Wars of the Late Empire
Warship
\Vater
\\'indisch, Vindonissa
\ \'omen
\ Vounds
\\'riters: Republic
Writers: Principate
Writers: Late Empire
York, Fboracum
The defensc of tb
The Roman road
Ihnube northwa
3 Thc Roman fort<
~
The Roman t()rt <
s i\ lap of Rmnan A
6 c;cnerai map of ;\
7 A rtist's impressio
H Traps found in A
')
Plan of the north
10 Plan nf the wstel1
II
,~ntonine \\'all: n
12 i\lap nf thc Antor
13
Plan of thc fort a1
I~
Plan of the sccon
IS 1\lap of the Arabi
]6
A rch of Cnnstant
17 Arch of Constant
IH Arch of Constant
thc battle at the J\,
I'J T1pical plan of Iei
20 Reconstruction o
21
Paintings from E<
22 Simplificd map ol
)'
Plan of the fortre~
--'
2~
Plan of Bostra sh<
y
Aerial view of Caj
-:->
26 '1\pical plan of a 1
27 Organization of tl
rcpublican fortres
2H Theoreticallayou·
2')
Fort at \ \'allsend,
2
.................................

Rcgistcrcd Oftlee Editoriul O(ficcs Ulmzry oj"Congrcss - H-Soz-Kult

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