L`Univers invisible en images - CEA-Irfu
Transcription
L`Univers invisible en images - CEA-Irfu
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énergétique Micro-ondes Submillimétrique Infrarouge Ultraviolet Rayons X Gamma + énergétique :(=B%2*%-./'F*:;4* !.*,9-%@('*6'92*c2('*=/.,'-'$2*B=1(%2'*6.(*,')*6(56(%=2=)*678)%Q9')* R&%2'))'A*=$'(/%'U*B"9$'*6.(O19,'A*,'*67525$*59*Q9.$29-*B'*,9-%@('* .8.$2*9$'*Q9.$O2=*B'*-59&'-'$2*=/.,'*f*7GeA*5m*7*')2*,.*15$)2.$2'*B'* L,.$1^I** :(=B%2*%-./'F*:;4* D,*'_%)2'*9$'*15((')65$B.$1'*'$2('*,"=$'(/%'*B9*67525$*'2*,.*J(=Q9'$1'* R59*,.*,5$/9'9(*B"5$B'U*B'*,.*,9-%@('I*L,9)*,.*J(=Q9'$1'*')2*/(.$B'A*6,9)* ,.*,5$/9'9(*B"5$B'*')2*6'O2'A*6,9)*,"=$'(/%'*2(.$)65(2='*6.(*,'*67525$* ')2*/(.$B'I* ;$'(/%'*B"9$*67525$** ;*i*7*_*d* • ;*i*=$'(/%'*B9*67525$* • 7*i*15$)2.$2'*B'*L,.$1^*i*nAn*_*NTbWM*oI)* • d*i*J(=Q9'$1'*B'*,"5$B'*=,'12(5-./$=OQ9'** 4*Q95%*)'(2*,.*,9-%@('*'$*.)2(5$5-%'*p* • a592*67=$5-@$'*15)-%Q9'*59*2592*5+q'2**=-'2* 652'$O',,'-'$2*B'*,.*,9-%@('*B%('12'-'$2*59*%$B%('12'-'$2I* • #O,%)'(*,.*,9-%@('*B'*,"9$%&'()*15--'*9$*-'))./'(*B')* 67=$5-@$')*678)%Q9')*Q9%*,'*)2(9129('$2*'2*9$*-58'$*B'*,')* 1.(25/(.67%'(A*B'*,')*Q9.$OX'(*'2*B'*,')*Q9.,%X'(I* • !"5+)'(&.+,'*')2*9$*r9_*B"=$'(/%'A*=-%)*59*.+)5(+=*6.(*B'*,.* -.O@('I* • !'*r9_*B"=$'(/%'*6'92*B=6'$B('*B'*,.*2.%,,'A*B'*,.*-.))'A*B'*,.* 2'-6=(.29('A*B'*,.*&%2'))'*'2*B'*,.*B%)2.$1'*B'*,.*-.O@('*Q9%* (.85$$'I* #$%2=)*B'*B%)2.$1'* • 4$$=')b,9-%@('*R.,UF*B%)2.$1'*6.(159(9'*6.(*,.* ,9-%@('*'$*N*.$$='A*)5%2F*WTT*TTT*^-G)*_*Wns*_* SM*_*WnTT*)*t*NTNn*-*i*N*-%,,%.(B*L.(%)*b*L=^%$* • L.()'1*R61U*i*WATu*_*NTNn*-** ****t*W*.,* • N*9$%2=*.)2(5$5-%Q9'*R9.U* ****i*B%)2.$1'*<5,'%,*P*a'(('* ****i*NAs*_*NTNN*-** • N*61*t*STT*TTT*9.** !')*)59(1')*B'*,9-%@('*B.$)*,"9$%&'()* • 4)2(')* • v.w* • L59))%@('* 3%,%'9*%$2'()2',,.%('F*/.w*x*659))%@('* • v.wF*]A*]S* • L59))%@('F*6'O2)*)5,%B')* :\*yNTbMz* 35$5_8B'*B'*1.(+5$'* ]S\*yNTbsz* <9(*,.*-=2=5(%2'*B'*39(17%)5$* v(.%$)*B'*659))%@('*%$2'(6,.$=2.%(')* ;.9* • 35,=19,')*1.(+5$.1=')* 3=27.$5,* ]S\xA*]:\xA*:M]bA*]Wxh* ;7('$J('9$B*|*:7.($,'8*STTT* :]W\]*yNTbnz* W{* C%&'.9_*B"=$'(/%')* (52.O5$$',,')*'2* &%+(.O5$$',,')* :(=B%2*%-./'F*]'()17',G;<4A** <6%2w'(GC4<4* Wu* tNsT* -5,=19,')* %$2'()2',,.%(')* B=2'12=')*f*1'* q59(*B5$2*B'* $5-+('9)')* -5,=19,')* 5(/.$%Q9')* sT*-5,=19,')*%$2'()2',,.%(')* 15$)O29=')*B'*n*f*NW*.25-')* ]'(+)2*|*&.$*V%)75'1^*STNT* W}* <=.$1'*YN* NI SI WI MI D$2(5B91O5$*)9(*,')*%-./')*B'*,".)2(5$5-%'* !.*,9-%@('* !')*,%-%2')*B'*,".2-5)67@('* !')*/(.$B)*%$)2(9-'$2)*B'*,".)2(5678)%Q9'* !".2-5)67@('*2'((')2('* :(=B%2*%-./'F*DJ('-'(* !'*Z*)''%$/*[* :(=B%2*%-./'F*7E6FGG).,w/'+'(I.2G.)2(5G-55$G)''%$/I72-,* L’atmosphère limite notre perception Lumière en provenance du cosmos La vapeur d’eau, l’oxygène (O2), l’ozone (O3) et d’autres gaz absorbent la lumière !.*2(.$)-%))%5$*B'*,".2-5)67@('* :(=B%2*%-./'F*:;4*|*~:~v* 4+)5(6O5$*6.(*,.*&.6'9(*B"'.9* <59(1')F*7E6FGGHHHIB.(2-5927I'B9G'2($)J'(GH.2'(I72-* 7E6FGGHHHI,)+9I.1I9^GH.2'(G&%+(.2I72-,* 0%+(.O5$)*B'*,.*-5,=19,'*B"'.9* <59(1')F*7E6FGGHHHI,)+9I.1I9^GH.2'(G&%+(.2I72-,* \$*5+)'(&'*B'69%)*,"')6.1'* • C5$*6.)*659(*c2('*6,9)*6(517'*B')*=25%,')I** • 3.%)*659(*)".j(.$17%(*B')*,%-%2')*$.29(',,')*B'* $52('*.2-5)67@('I* • kQF*)'9,')*,')*)5$B')*)6.O.,')*6'(-'E'$2*9$* &=(%2.+,'*(.66(517'-'$2*-.%)*9$%Q9'-'$2* 659(*B')*.)2(')*Z*f*6(5_%-%2=*[*B'*,.*a'(('A* B5$1*B.$)*,'*)8)2@-'*)5,.%('*6(517'I* :(=B%2*%-./'F*:Ck<* <=.$1'*YN* NI SI WI MI D$2(5B91O5$*)9(*,')*%-./')*B'*,".)2(5$5-%'* !.*,9-%@('* !')*,%-%2')*B'*,".2-5)67@('* !')*/(.$B)*%$)2(9-'$2)*B'*,".)2(5678)%Q9'* L(%$1%6'*B9*2=,')156'* <59(1'F*7E6FGGHHHI5.)%I5(/I9^G* :(=B%2*%-./')F*:;4* :(=B%2*%-./'F*;<\* :(=B%2*%-./'F*;<\* :(=B%2*%-./'F*\<\* :(=B%2*%-./'F*<\>D4G*V!kA*C4<4* Z* C59)* &%&5$)* '$259(=)* B')* 6(5B9%2)* B'* ,.* 2'17$%Q9'A*$5)*2c2')*)5$2*6,'%$')*B'*(=)9,2.2)*B'*,.* )1%'$1'I* L59(2.$2A* $59)* ).&5$)* J5(2* 6'9* B'* 175)')* )9(* ,.* 6(5B91O5$* B')* -.17%$')* '2* )9(* ,.* !"#$%&'!("#) *+$) *,!"'-+&%+$A* Q9'* $59)* ('1'&5$)* 2592')*J.%2')*[A*~(9$5*!.259(A*!.*)1%'$1'*'$*.1O5$* Z* C59)* &%&5$)* '$259(=)* B')* 6(5B9%2)* B'* ,.* 2'17$%Q9'A*$5)*2c2')*)5$2*6,'%$')*B'*(=)9,2.2)*B'*,.* )1%'$1'I* L59(2.$2A* $59)* ).&5$)* J5(2* 6'9* B'* 175)')* )9(* ,.* 6(5B91O5$* B')* -.17%$')* '2* )9(* ,.* !"#$%&'!("#) *+$) ./01+$) $!.+#(23'+$A* Q9'* $59)* ('1'&5$)*2592')*J.%2')*[A*!"5+q'2*B'*1'*159()I* :(=B%2)*%-./')* • • • • • ;<\* C4<4* ;<4* :;4* ;2*(=J=('$1')*6(=1%)=')*
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